CHEMISTRY BOOTCAMP #1: MATTER AND ATOMS

[Pages:20]Work hard. Be nice.

Name: ____________________________________ KIPP NYC College Prep

Period: ________

CHEMISTRY BOOTCAMP #1:

MATTER AND ATOMS

Date: ___________________ General Chemistry

TASK: As a recruit of Chemistry Bootcamp, you have been enlisted to review the foundational concepts of Matter and The Atom, which were covered in units 1 and 2 this year.

Proceed diligently through this packet with your Bootcamp Instructor and adhere to the following signs:

Stop Sign: Answer questions pertaining to information you just learned

Checkpoint: Exercise a skill you just learned

Regents Drill: Earn points to pass the lesson by answering Regents questions.

You can monitor your ranks by writing your points to each lesson below.

UNIT 1 - MATTER Lesson #1- What are pure types of matter?

Good Luck! The Chemistry Team _____ /17 pts

Lesson #2- How do types of mixtures vary?

_____/ 8 pts

Lesson #3- How are the states/phases of matter held together?

_____/4 pts

Lesson #4- How can you describe matter?

_____/4 pts

Lesson #5- What products are made in physical and chemical changes?

_____/ 4pts

Unit 1 Drill Points

_____/ 37 points

UNIT 2 ? THE ATOM Lesson #6- How is the periodic table divided?

_____/ 6pts

Lesson #7- How has the structure of the atom evolved?

_____/ 6pts

Lesson #8- How do subatomic particles of an atom differ?

_____/ 7 pts

Unit 2 Drill Points

_____/ 19 points

BOOTCAMP FREE RESPONSE:

_____/ 8 points

_____ 51 - 64 DRILL POINTS ? ROCKED BOOTCAMP

______ 38- 50 DRILL POINTS ? Satisfactory Cadet

______ 1-37 DRILL POINTS... RETURN TO BOOTCAMP

Work hard. Be nice.

Lesson #1 ? What are pure types of matter?

MATTER: Any substance that has MASS and TAKES UP SPACE. Are you made of matter? Support your answer.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: Check anything on the list that would qualify as matter:

____ Gold Earrings ___ Sunlight

___ Carbon Dioxide

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: In order to measure the mass of an object, you must use a __________________________________ found in the lab. It can also be called a balance.

1) All matter can be divided into these two categories:

_______________________ & ________________________

2) Two examples of pure matter are

____________________________ & ____________________

3) Using the particle diagrams, state how elements and compounds are different if they are

both pure substances?

PURE SUBSTANCE #1: ELEMENTS

An element is type of matter composed (made up) of only ONE TYPE of atom.

All elements can be found on the periodic table All elements are made out of ATOMS! Pure aluminum is made up of only ALUMINUM ATOMS.

Brass is made up of copper and zinc atoms. Is brass an element? Explain.

An element's symbol always has one capital letter (O, F, Ar, Pt or Cl) If it is on the periodic table... it is an element! Elements CANNOT be broken down any further.

Symbol Name

Name Symbol

1. C: ___________________________________________________ 4. Calcium: ____________

2. O: ___________________________________________________ 5. Tungsten: ____________

3. Hg: ___________________________________________________ 6. Potassium: ____________

Example 1. Cu

a) What is the name?

Work hard. Be nice.

Example 2. O2

a) What is the name?

b) How many atoms in the formula Cu?

DRAW 6 particles in particle diagram:

b) How many atoms are in the formula O2?

Draw or depict 6 particles in particle diagram:

Example 3. N3

a) What is the name?

b) How many atoms are in the formula N3?

Depict 6 particles in particle diagram:

Why is NaCl

NOT an element? _________________________________________________________________________________

DRILL POINTS! 10/17 points available

1. Determine the formula of the following elements. [1pt each]

Mercury: _______________

Titanium: __________________

2. Determine the name of the following elements. [1pt each]

Br: ________________________________________

Mn_____________________________________

B:

Mg:

Ni:

N:

3. In the boxes provided: a) Using particle diagrams, draw two elements, one in each box, using the representations for

atoms of element X2 and element Z given below. [1]

KEY: Atom of element X = Atom of element Z =

3 particles of X2

3 particles of Z

4. What is the total number of different elements present in NH4NO3? [1] (1) 7 (2) 9 (3) 3 (4) 4

Work hard. Be nice.

PURE SUBSTANCE #2: COMPOUNDS

A compound is a pure substance that is composed of 2 or more different elements chemically combined in a FIXED PROPORTION.

A compound CAN be broken down into the elements of which it is composed.

3C's ? Chemically Combined Compounds

Place a check, if the substance is a compound:

1. If compose means to make up, what does decompose mean?

Hint: Every capital letter is another element!

CO2 Ni BaCl2 NO3 AlF3 Cs O2

2. O2 - Element or compound? - What is the name of O2? - How many atoms are in O2?

3. C6H12O6 - Element or compound? - How many C's? H's? O's? - How many TOTAL atoms in glucose?

Draw particle diagrams of the following substances:

Use O =

and H =

H2

H2O

H2O2

O2

Which diagrams above depict elements? _________________________ compounds? _________________________

Work hard. Be nice.

DRILL POINTS!

7/17 points available

1. Which substance can be broken down by a chemical change? [1]

(1) Silicon

(3) propane

(2) mercury

(4) Radon

2. Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change? [1]

(1) Methane

(3) tungsten

(2) propanal

(4) water

3. Which substance can be broken down by a chemical change? [1]

(1) Co

(3) CO

(2) C

(4) Ca

Base your answer to 4 on the diagrams below.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

4. Explain why particle diagram (1) above does NOT represent a compound, even though it has two

different elements. [1]

__The next two questions are based on the particle diagram to the right:

5. Why is particle diagram #1 a compound? [1]

6. Why is particle diagram #3 not a compound even though it has two different elements? [1]

7. Two substances, A and Z, are to be identified. Substance A cannot be broken down by a chemical change. Substance Z can be broken down by a chemical change. What can be concluded about these substances? [1]

(1) Both substances are elements. (2) Both substances are compounds. (3) Substance A is an element and substance Z is a compound. (4) Substance A is a compound and substance Z is an element.

Work hard. Be nice.

Lesson #2 ? How do types of mixtures vary?

If matter is not pure (an element or a compound), it is a MIXTURE. There are two types of mixtures: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Elements/Compounds are physically combined, not chemically combined.

Mixture Prefix Definition

Homogeneous "homo" means same or uniform

Heterogeneous "hetero" means different

Example

HINT HINT

All aqueous (aq) solutions are homogenous.

HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENOUS ONLY REFER TO MIXTURES! REGENTS TIP! If you see "homogeneous compound" or "heterogeneous compound," eliminate those answer

choices immediately!

Explain how a mixture differs from a pure substance.

Work hard. Be nice.

Classify each as an element (E), compound (C), or mixture (M).

1. Gatorade 2. Copper (Cu) 3. NaOH (aq)

_________ _________ _________

4. Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) 5. Distilled water 6. C6H12O6

How do we represent mixtures in a particle diagram? Circle the correct answer.

_________ _________ _________

DRILL POINTS!

5/8 points available

1. A dilute, aqueous potassium nitrate solution is best classified as a (1) homogeneous compound (2) homogeneous mixture (3) heterogeneous compound (4) heterogeneous mixture

2. One similarity between all mixtures and compounds is that both (1) Are heterogeneous (2) Are homogeneous (3) Combine in a definite proportion (4) Consist of two or more substances

3. Which sample represents a homogeneous mixture? (1) C2H5OH (l) (2) C2H5OH (aq) (3) C2H5OH (g) (4) C2H5OH (s)

4. Which material is a mixture? (1) water (2) air (3) methane (4) magnesium

5. Tetrachloromethane, CCl4, is classified as a (1) compound because the atoms of the elements are combined in a fixed proportion (2) compound because the atoms of the elements are combined in a proportion that varies (3) mixture because the atoms of the elements are combined in a fixed proportion (4) mixture because the atoms of the elements are combined in a proportion that varies

Work hard. Be nice.

Separating Mixtures: Basic techniques

Different separation techniques must be used with mixtures because of their varying compositions. TECHNIQUE #1: CRYSTALLIZATION/EVAPORATION Real Life Example: ROCK CANDY! BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Beaker 1 represents a homogenous mixture of sugar water that was created by dissolving sugar into water. A piece of string was left inside the mixture and the beaker was left out until all the water had evaporated. The result was that we made rock candy on a string!

QUESTIONS: Please answer all questions in complete sentences. 1. What is the rock candy made out of? How do you know?

2. hat do you think happened to the sugar water mixture that allowed for the rock candy to form? Describe the process.

TECHNIQUE #2: FILTRATION Real Life Example: SEPARATING NOODLES FROM WATER! BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Pasta noodles were cooked in salt water (salt is known to bring out the flavors in pasta). The pasta noodles were separated from the salt water using a filter.

QUESTIONS: Please answer all questions in complete sentences. 1. When the pasta noodles were cooking in salt water, both homogeneous and

heterogeneous mixtures were present. What was the homogeneous mixture? What was the heterogeneous mixture? How do you know?

2. hat ended up in the beaker after you separated the pasta noodle/salt water mixture?

3. s filtration better for separating homogeneous mixtures or heterogeneous mixture? Defend your answer.

Given a mixture of sand and water, state one process that can be used to separate water from the sand.

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