Info EQ



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| |Biology Student | |Enduring Understanding | |

| |EQ: How is your body like a machine? | |Organisms are composed of systems working together to maintain equilibrium. | |

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| |[pic] |Body Systems Scavenger Hunt and Making Human Bodies | |Broad Brush Knowledge | |

| | | | |comparative anatomy, structure and function | |

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| | | | |Concepts Important to Know and Understand | |

| | | | |Systems Within Organisms | |

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| |Targeted Skills | |Core Objectives | |

| |using the internet, reading, analyze | |15. Compare the functions and interrelationships of the organ systems as | |

| | | |they work together to maintain an organism, including the organisms’ | |

| | | |response to its environment. | |

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PURPOSE: To use the internet and textbook as a research tool to find information regarding body systems. To design a human body including the following systems: nervous, excretory (urinary), reproductive, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory and digestive.

Materials:

Textbook, butcher paper in different colors, markers/colored pencils, ruler, computer w/internet access, pen/pencil, scissors

PART ONE

You will go to the web site . Click on Human Anatomy Online. Select the proper body system and navigate through each system answering the questions below. The information on each system will be on the right side of the screen. You will have to search thoroughly for answers, clicking on different links. Page numbers next to questions are referencing the textbook, as not all answers are on the website. You may write on this handout.

PART TWO

In part two you will start designing your human bodies and researching the functions of these systems. You will research the systems in this order: nervous, excretory (urinary), reproductive, endocrine, circulatory, respiratory and digestive. The nervous, excretory, reproductive, and endocrine systems will be completed in one day and the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems will be completed in one day as well. This order will make it easier to place the organs in your human body. Make sure that each group member is learning each body system as you proceed through the scavenger hunt.

Designing Human Bodies

Your groups will construct a model out of construction paper of the systems listed above. A specific color will be assigned to each group.

Procedure:

1. Obtain a piece of long butcher paper and draw an outline of the human body. You will want to do this by having a group member lie down on the paper so someone can trace their body. Make sure that you turn the head to one side when tracing.

2. Using the page numbers given for each system, design and cut out each system. Make the systems to scale so that they fit in the body. Make sure that you design and place the systems on the body in the order given.

3. Label each part of each system out to the side of the body.

4. Tape the systems down on one side only, so that they may be lifted easily. This allows all systems to be seen.

SKELETAL SYSTEM – Draw bones on the brown butcher paper

1. How many bones are in the skeletal system?

2. What important role does the skeletal system play in a living organism? (be specific!)

3. What two types of cells are produced in the bone marrow?

What other system does this involve?

4. What do bones store that are important for the body?

5. What are ligaments?

6. What function do ligaments serve?

7. Why are joints important? (pg. 476)

8. What is cartilage, and how is it different from bone? (pg. 477)

9. How often is your skeleton “replaced”?

10. What is the hardest bone in the body?

MUSCULAR SYSTEM – draw and label major muscles on butcher paper in red

1. What is the primary function of the muscular system?

2. How does a muscle work? (pg. 485)

3. What other systems are involved in a muscle contraction?

4. Muscles are made up of what organic molecule?

5. What are tendons?

6. Fill in the chart comparing the different types of muscle: (pg. 926)

|Muscle Type |Function |Description of Muscle Cell |

|Smooth | | |

|Skeletal | | |

|Cardiac | | |

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM –do not draw

1. What is the lymphatic system?

2. What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

3. What is lymph?

4. What do lymph nodes filter out of our bodies?

Why do nodes become “swollen glands”?

5. How is the lymphatic system connected to the digestive system?

6. How does the thymus in the lymphatic system assist the immune system?

7. What is the function of the spleen?

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)

GO TO Click on the link for skin.

1. In an average adult, how much does skin weigh?

2. What are some “appendages” of skin?

3. The integumentary system provides many functions. Use the chart to list each function and the other human body system to which it is connected. (Ex: Skeletal: arm bending would also involve muscular system) This information is not on the website.

|Function |System |

|Protection/Barrier | |

|Protect Against Dehydration | |

|Cutaneous Sensation | |

|Blood Reservoir | |

|Excretion | |

4. Identify and label the following parts of the skin: dermis, epidermis, hair, sebaceous (oil) gland, sweat gland. Include the function of each part. You will have to navigate through other parts of the website to find the functions. Refer to your Scientific Drawings Skills Sheet for labeling rules.

5. Fill in the chart of the parts of the integumentary systems and their functions:

|Parts of the Skin |Function |

|Epidermis | |

|Dermis | |

|Sweat Gland | |

|Hair | |

|Sebaceous (Oil) Gland | |

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – cut out on purple paper

These are the parts to be included in this system:

1. Mouth

2. Esophagus

3. Stomach

4. Small Intestine

5. Large Intestine

6. Rectum

7. Anus

8. Liver

9. Pancreas

10. Salivary Glands

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the digestive system?

2. List in order the organs food passes through, starting with the mouth.

3. Describe the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion.

Where in the digestive system do each of these occur?

4. Remember that the food you eat is made of organic compounds. What is the general term for the substances in your body that help break these foods down?

5. Looking at the picture, explain the significance of the villi in the small intestine.

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6. Fill in the chart of the parts of the digestive system and their functions:

|Digestive Organ |Function |

|Mouth | |

|Esophagus | |

|Stomach | |

|Small Intestine | |

|Large Intestine | |

|Rectum | |

|Anus | |

|Liver | |

|Pancreas | |

|Salivary Glands | |

EXCRETORY (URINARY) SYSTEM yellow paper

These are the parts to be included in this system:

1. 2 Kidneys

2. 2 Ureters

3. 1 urinary bladder

4. 1 urethra

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the excretory system?

2. Besides urine, what else is excreted from the body?

3. What substances are found in urine?

4. Describe the path that urine follows before it leaves the body.

5. Fill in the chart of the parts of the excretory system and their functions:

|Excretory Organ |Function |

|Kidneys | |

|Ureters | |

|Bladder | |

|Urethra | |

|Skin and Lungs | |

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – red and blue

These are the parts to be included in this system:

1. Heart

2. Veins (Vena Cava, Pulmonary)

3. Arteries (Aorta, Pulmonary)

4. Capillaries

This system will be done in red and blue. Blue represents blood containing CO2 and Red represents blood containing O2. You will need to figure out which parts of the circulatory system are red and which are blue.

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

2. Besides blood, what else is carried through your circulatory system?

3. Where does gas exchange take place?

By what process is gas exchanged?

4. What gas does an artery carry?

Explain the relationship of arteries to the heart.

5. What gas does a vein carry?

Explain the relationship of veins to the heart.

6. What small vessels connect arteries and veins?

7. Fill in the chart of the parts of the circulatory system and their functions:

|Circulatory Organ |Function |

|Heart | |

|Veins | |

|Arteries | |

|Capillaries | |

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – Orange

These are the parts to be included in this system:

1. Lungs

2. Trachea

3. Bronchi/bronchioles

4. Alveoli

5. Diaphragm

This system will be done in orange.

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the respiratory system?

2. In which part of the respiratory system does gas exchange take place?

3. Explain the process of gas exchange in the lungs.

4. Describe how breathing is controlled.

5. Fill in the chart with the parts of the respiratory system and their functions.

|Respiratory Organ |Function |

|Lungs | |

|Trachea | |

|Bronchi/Bronchioles | |

|Alveoli | |

|Diaphragm | |

NERVOUS SYSTEM - white

These are the parts to be included in this system:

1. Brain (Include Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Brain Stem)

2. Spinal Cord

This system will be done in white.

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the nervous system?

2. Identify and label the following parts of a neuron (nerve cell): cell body, dendrites, nucleus and axon. Draw an arrow to show the direction of a nerve impulse.

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3. Identify and label the following parts of the brain: cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.

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4. Fill in the chart of the parts of the brain and their function:

|Part of Brain |Function |

|Cerebrum | |

|Cerebellum | |

|Brain Stem | |

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

These are the parts to be included in this system:

**These parts are to be cut out individually**

1. Hypothalamus

2. Pituitary

3. Adrenal

4. Thyroid

5. Pancreas

This system will be done in white with nervous system.

Questions:

1. What is the main function of the endocrine system?

2. What do hormones do?

3. Why is the hypothalamus called the “master gland?”

4. How are the hypothalamus and pituitary glands interrelated?

5. Which endocrine gland controls your metabolism?

6. What is the “fight-or-flight” response and what endocrine gland produces it?

7. What does the pancreas control?

What disease results if it cannot do this properly?

12. Fill in the chart of the parts of the endocrine system and their functions:

|Endocrine Organ |Function |

|Hypothalamus | |

|Pituitary | |

|Adrenal | |

|Thyroid | |

|Pancreas | |

PART THREE

In part three you have been given a diagram of each body system that you will need to label.

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Accessory Organs

Accessory

Organs

Skeletal

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