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Name: ____________________________________________________________________AP World Review: Modern: Video #2: Topic 1.2Judaism_________________________________________________ - one God (Yahweh) Hebrew Scriptures - Old Testament_______________________ - founded by Abraham in 2000 B.C.E.Present-day Israel, Palestine, and LebanonHebrews went to Egypt, where they were enslavedMoses led Hebrews out of Egypt in 1300 B.C.E.10 _________________________________________ introduced by MosesConquering Of Jewish StatesJewish states were conquered by the following groups:_______________________________:Conquered Israel in 722 B.C.E.Babylonians:Conquered Kingdom of Judah in 586 B.C.E.Jews were able to return in 539 B.C.E.___________________________:Romans took over Jerusalem in 37 B.C.E.Jews rebelled in the early centuries C.E.Rome won, persecuted Jews - > fled their homes and land around Jerusalem Impact Of Conquests Of Jewish StatesGrowth of Jewish ___________________________ communities around Middle East and MediterraneanChristianityCore beliefs:Jesus was the son of GodMonotheistic___________________________________ could be obtained for all believers (equality for believers)Drew on beliefs of ______________________ - Old TestamentCaring for the poor Early Christian ConvertsArtisans__________________________WomenSaint Paul set up communities in present-day Turkey_________________________ - first place where Christianity became a state religionSpread Of ChristianityInitially, Rome was hostile to ChristianityRomans ___________________________ JesusRoman Emperor Constantine:Converted to Christianity in the 4th century C.E.Edict of Milan (313 C.E.) - religious toleration for Christians in ___________________________ EmpireProvided state support for the religionUnder the Roman Empire, Christianity received _____________________________ (government support) for buildingsMonastic Life______________________________________:Places where people devote their lives to religionLike Buddhism (next video), some Christians practiced a monastic life_________________________ in monasteriesIslam - Muhammad’s Early LifeMuhammad was born around 570 C.E. By age 30 he was a ___________________________ and married610 C.E. he received revelations from Allah through the archangel ________________________God in _____________________________ is AllahMuhammad was a prophet of Allah, the _________________ prophetBy 620 C.E., people of Mecca began to follow MuhammadThe Quran And HadithThe Quran:The holy book of IslamWritten texts of Muhammad’s teachings“Definitive authority for Islamic religious doctrine and social organization”Hadith:Sayings attributed to ___________________________________ and descriptions of his deedsMany collections emerged centuries after his deathMigration To MedinaMuhammad’s teachings ran counter to those in MeccaMuhammad stated that Allah was the _______________ godMany Arabs were ______________________________________Muhammad also spoke against ___________________________ Muhammad fled to Yathrib, renamed Medina in 622 C.E.This is known as the _______________________ and marks the beginning of the Islamic CalendarThe UmmaMuhammad organized his followers in Medina into a community called the __________________Followed a legal and social codeFocused on providing for those less fortunate (one of the 5 Pillars of Islam)Return To Mecca630 C.E. Muhammad and his followers conquered the city of ____________________Built __________________________, destroyed pagan shrinesThe only building that survived was the _________________ 632 C.E. Muhammad led the first _____________________________ to the Ka’ba, known as the hajj (Another of the 5 Pillars of Islam)The Five Pillars Of IslamMuslims must acknowledge ______________________ as the only god and Muhammad was his prophetPray to Allah while ___________________________ MeccaFast during daylight during the month of _________________________Give alms to the _______________________________Make a pilgrimage (__________________) to Mecca if financially and physically able to Key TermsSharia:Islamic holy ______________________________Inspired by the teachings and life of MuhammadDar al-Islam:Home of IslamCountries where Muslims can practice their religion as the _______________________________________CaliphsAfter Muhammad, new Muslim leaders emerged, called Caliphs_______________ of Islamic community and religious leader_________________ Caliph - Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father-in-lawShiaMost Muslims are members of ________________________ IslamShia Muslims emerged as a result over the selection of caliphsShia supported _____________ and his decedents as caliphsCousin and son-in-law of MuhammadAli eventually served as the 4th caliphExpansion Of IslamIslamic armies expanded beyond Arabia after Muhammad’s death633 C.E. - 637 C.E.:Conquered Byzantine Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia640s:Conquered _____________________________711 - 718:Northwest Africa and ___________________________ peninsula_____________________________________ will help spread Islam to Asia Islamic Dynasties - AbbasidsAbu al-Abbas, a descendent of Muhammad’s uncle led a rebellion against the Umayyad DynastyRuled until 1258 C.E. when they were defeated by the ______________________________________Administration:Rulers built capital cities and made policiesRegional governors ruled territories________________________ was built as the capital of the dynastySurrounded by 3 walls______________________ (those with religious knowledge) and ______________________ (judges) settled disputes________________________________________________Caliph under the Abbasid dynasty (786 - 809 C.E.)Baghdad became a center for banking, commerce, and industry during this timeDecline of the Abbasid Dynasty:Governors stopped paying ____________________________ and giving loyalty to the Abbasid empireAttacks On The Abbasid Empire4 major groups attacked the Abbasids in the 12th and 13th centuries:__________________________ - Turkic groups that took control of Egypt and spread across North Africa__________________________ Turks - From Central Asia, took over BaghdadLeader was titled Sultan, reduced the power of the caliphCrusaders - Seljuk Turks limited access to Jerusalem, led to the Crusades ____________________________ - 1258 kicked the Seljuks out of BaghdadIslam In EuropeUmayyad Dynasty expanded into North Africa and ______________ in 711Cordoba was named the capital of SpainBattle of Tours:Muslim forces were defeated by Frankish forcesLimited the expansion of Islam in Western EuropeUmayyads in Spain:Promoted trade with AsiaIslamic architecture is still seen todayCordoba was a center for learning____________________________________ - famous scholar that wrote on law, philosophy, etc. Islamic CulturesUniversities developed in Cordoba, Cairo, and Bukhara (Uzbekistan)Islamic scholars translated Greek classics into ___________________Aristotle and othersIntroduced the number system from ________________________SufismAs Islam spread, it changed like other religionsBuddhism & ChristianitySufis sought to unite with God through Muhammad, ____________ ____________________________________________Focused on _______________________________________ (looking inward) as opposed to understanding through learningMuslim Innovations And TransfersIslamic Golden Age:Advancements in ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________Preservation of Greek classics -> translated into Arabic Introduced the number system from India - concept of _________________________________________________________________________ under the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad Mali – Mansa MusaMade a ____________________________________ to Mecca (hajj) in 1324Brought 100 camels, 1,000s of people, and an obscene amount of _______________________________________________________________ in Alexandria, EgyptAfter his pilgrimage, he established religious ______________________________________, built mosques, and encouraged religious learning Quick RecapCharacteristics and spread of:JudaismChristianityIslam____________________________________________________________Abbasid Empire and its declineSufism________________________________________________________________________Mansa Musa ................
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