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Vicky ChauMAAT 120Pooja SajnaniFebruary 10, 2017Mitral Valve Prolapse, also known as Barlow’s Syndrome, is a heart valve abnormality in which one of the heart’s valve does not close properly. Due to the improper close of the flaps of the valve, a bit of blood is leaked backwards into the valve which can cause a heart murmur. Heart murmurs are sounds of the flow of blood that can be heard. Mitral regurgitation is the leaking of blood backwards, which affects females who are thin and have conditions such as chest wall deformities or scoliosis (Chen, 2016). Majority of this condition are not dangerous and it doesn’t happen often, this condition can be caused due to abnormally stretched valve flaps or connective tissue diseases (American Heart Association, 2016). The abnormality in the heart valve may be caused from the valve flaps being too big and thick, floppy, stretchy, or due to the stretching of the opening of the valve (National Institutes of Health, 2016).People that have a higher risk for the more serious situations of this condition are those that are men who are over the ages of 50. Any diseases that cause damages to the heart valves, affecting parts of the heart, or how the heart functions can increase the chances of developing mitral valve prolapse. Which is why people with Graves’ disease, muscular dystrophy, or a connective tissue disorder such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are also at a risk of developing mitral valve prolapse (National Institutes of Health, 2016). Other diseases include disease of the thyroid gland, Hyperthyroidism and a brittle bone disease, Osteogenesis imperfecta. Sex, age, and family history are some factors that contribute to the risks of MVP complications. Men are more likely to have complications and the older you are the more likely there’ll be complications from this condition. If your family members have MVP, then it’s a higher chance you can have complications (Healthwise, 2017). This condition is usually benign, but it could lead to serious complications such as inflammation of the heart valve called endocarditis, sudden cardiac death, atrial fibrillation, or cerebrovascular ischemic events like a stroke. Signs and symptoms include fatigue, chest pains, palpitations, scoliosis, or low BMI (Jelani, 2016). Sometimes there may not even may any symptoms, unless there is mitral regurgitation. Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, abnormal heartbeat, and dizziness can also be symptoms of mitral valve prolapse. People with severe mitral regurgitation can lead to serious rhythm complications that affect the blood flow to the heart or stroke (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). MVP can be detected from sounds of heart murmurs through a stethoscope (American Heart Association, 2016). Mitral valve prolapse can be diagnosed through an Echocardiography, a test that uses the sound waves to create an image of the heart’s valves and chambers. Having a chest x-ray can also help determine mitral valve prolapse by getting images of your chest to see if there are any fluids in your lungs or enlargement of the heart (National Institutes of Health, 2016). Medications can be prescribed to treat MVP, such as beta blockers which can help slow down your heartbeat, reduce blood pressure, reduce chest pain, and help blood vessels to open so blood flow can be improved. Heart rhythm medications can also be given to control heart rhythms, other medications such as water pills, aspirin, and blood thinners can also be prescribed (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). There is also another option of surgery, which is only used for more serious complications such as blood flowing backwards into the atrium. During surgery, the heart valve is either repaired or replaced, but they both differ in the factors that repairing the valve will have a low risk of weakening the heart. Repairing the valve instead of replacing can also decrease the chances of getting an infection and the need to use long-term medications to thin out blood. Replacement valves are done if it is the only option, valves are replaced with mechanical or biological valves (National Institutes of Health, 2016).Most people who have this condition may have it without knowledge because they don’t show signs or symptoms of it. People who are under the age of 50 and have severe mitral regurgitation that don’t have any symptoms usually have a tendency have great compatibility with medical treatment. Those with severe mitral regurgitation and abnormal left ventricular function are increased in the rates for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In a study, 833 people who were diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse that had no signs or symptoms were monitored for factors that were used as predictions for cardiac mortality. Those factors include severe regurgitation, dysfunction of the left ventricular, ages 50 and over, degree of regurgitation, and left atrial enlargement (Jelani, 2016). American Heart Association. (2016, October 13). Problem: Mitral valve Prolapse. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from American Heart Association, Chen, M. (2016, February 24). Mitral valve prolapse. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from MedlinePlus, Jelani, Q. (2016, November 16). Mitral valve Prolapse. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from Medscape, National Institutes of Health. (2016, June 22). How is mitral valve Prolapse diagnosed? - NHLBI, NIH. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Healthwise. (2017). Mitral valve Prolapse - what increases your risk of mitral valve Prolapse: Healthwise medical information on eMedicineHealth. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from eMedicineHealth, Mayo Clinic Staff. (2014, April 5). Mitral valve prolapse symptoms. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from Mayoclinic, ................
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