The World of Jim Crow - Tumwater School District
The World of Jim Crow Civil War Reconstruction
Emancipation Proclamation of 1862
Freed all slaves in the South
Freedmen’s Bureau 1865-1866
Provided services for war refugees and freed slaves including food, medical aid and education.
Thirteenth Amendment 1865
Abolished slavery in the US
Fourteen Amendment 1866
Defines citizenship to include Freedmen. Guarantees due process and equal protection under the law.
Fifteenth Amendment 1868
Voting rights will not be denied on the basis of race.
Civil rights act of 1866
Gave citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the power to enforce and protect those rights.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Established the reconstruction of the south. Economically, politically and socially.
Ku Klux Klan Acts 1871
Outlawed white supremacist terror groups like KKK and White League.
Civil rights Act of 1875
Protected African American rights in public places.
Compromise of 1877
Presidential election of 1876 is a tie. Republican Rutherford B. Hayes agrees to end reconstruction and remove federal troops from the south in exchange for southern votes to keep the White House in republican hands. Federal protection for the rights of African Americans ends for the next 75 years.
After reconstruction ended, white dominated Southern legislatures passed laws to keep the African Americans from their rights, most specifically the right to vote.
Poll Tax
Required that all voters pay a tax to vote. Poor blacks could not afford to pay.
Grandfather Clause
Excused the poll tax or other requirement for those voters if their grandfather was eligible to vote.
Literacy Test
New voters had to take a test to vote. Different tests for white and blacks were used. Black tests had harder questions and often trick questions to disqualify the blacks taking them. Sometimes Grandfather clause would apply for whites.
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