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Candidate Name:Sarika SchwartzCandidate Number:0482 Centre Number:US799Somerset Academy CanyonsApril 2020Component 3 - ScriptQuestion:To what extent is discrimination prevailing in the global community?Subtopic:The Political PerspectiveWord Count:1,243Slide 1 (Cover Slide):Good morning, my name is Sarika Schwartz, candidate number 0482, centre number US799. I am addressing the political perspective of the prompt, to what extent is discrimination prevailing in the global community? Sasha Legagneur will be presenting the economic perspective, Brianna Khaytin will be presenting the ethical perspective and Manuel Hernandez will be presenting the social/cultural perspective.Slide 2 (What is discrimination?):Firstly, let us define what discrimination is. Discrimination refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially in the areas of race, religion, or gender. Discrimination is prevailent to different extents in various governments. For example, in the democracy of the United States, discrimination presents itself as less strict, since citizens can employ their voice into governmental decisions. However, in other instances, such as the democratic-republic of Sudan, much stricter policies are enforced in terms of discrimination, despite having a democracy. Slide 3 (Politics and Discrimination How is it sigificant?):The significance of discriminaton through politics is caused by the unfair treatment to ‘types’ of people due to unclear logic. Major factors that are potential outcomes from discrimination of pe-politics include: political shifts within a nation, internal conflict such as uprisings or revolutions, armed conflicts and foreign affairs. The risk of war and unrest create a major issue intranationally and internationally.Slide 4 (Politics and Discrimination What’s the history?):Discrimination has presented itself through various ways since the start of undocumented history. One of the first legal actions of political discrimination took place in the United States by John Adams passing the Alien Act of n-1798, which deemed the president power to deport foreigners out of the country, if seen as a threat. Later, although this act was repealed, we can see history repeat itself with discrimination towards groups in politics. This was the start of political party splits, which gave way to the two-party system present in the United States today. In fact, this issue concerning foreign policy and immigration leads into the local issue of political discrimination.Slide 5 (The United States and Discrimination Local):Within the United States, ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) has deported more than 256,000 people under the Obam-Trump administration, which is the largest amount since the Obama administration. The Trump administration seeks to deport undocumented immigants who cannot lawfully prove they have been in the United States for two or more years. As seen to my right on the graph, the average population of immigrant detainees reached its peak as of October 2018 with a total of 44,631 people, in comparison to past administrations. The separation of a ‘we’ and ‘them’, between citizens and unlawful immigrants promotes the idea of ethnic discrimination. Slide 6 (What is the importance United States and discrimination? Local):As of June 2019, above 52,000 United States immigrants with potential illegal activity were being detained daily, with the 200 detention centers spanning across the nation. This ranks above 34,000 more than the Obama administration. At this time, 24 immigrants were have seen to die under these circumstances. We can now clarify the radical split between Americans who politically view the situation as helpful, and those who view it as discriminatory unethical treatment of those searching for an opportunistic nation. Lawful efforts have been put into effect in terms of immigrants, creating a large political split within the nation between Democratic and Republican parties. As protests have already began to occur, the threat of it escalating to violence due to internal conflict is prevalent.Slide 7 (The India-Pakistan Conflict and Discrimination Global):If we shift to look at the countries of India and Pakistan, the nations are engaged in conflict due to religious discrimination exterted by politics. Religious discrimination lead to the India-Pakistan war of 1965, as a result of the British partition of India in 1947. With their gained independence, political figures such as Muhammed Ali Jinnah began to promote the idea with the m-All-Muslim League, that islamic followers should campaign for an independent Pakistan. However, the land of Kashmir is a major issue to date, to which the countries disagree on who should rightfully claim it between the Indian majority of Hindus and Pakistani majority Muslims. We can view the map here to see the territory’s location in regards to the nations.Slide 8 (Why is the India-Pakistan conflict a significant issue?):To further explore this issue’s current significance, Rajnath Singh, India’s defence minister, has taken measures to a ‘no first use’ policy in terms of nuclear weaponry towards Pakistan. To elaborate, religious discrimination by politics has revealed itself in the form of a nuclear arms race to which India and Pakistan have potential to engage fire in. Although Singh has declared his policy, that unless Pakistan is to initiate a nuclear attack, India will not act first, the statistical facts remain concerning. Over the last two decades, Imran Khan, has accumulated 150-160 missiles in comparison to India’s range of about 130-140. This nuclear arms race dates back to the beginning of the 1970s, where tensions continue to substantially increase between the nations. Other nations’s stance on this issue can provoke further foreign affairs, by eradicating neutrality and causing nations to pick a ‘side’ on who they politically support.Slide 9 (Sudan and Discrimination Global):Not only is religious discrimination prevelant globally, but in Sudan the crisis of gender discrimination in politics is present. Women who should legally have equal rights to men have been oppressed under the dictatorship of Omar-al Bashir, former president of Sudan. Politically, no women were present within al-Bashir’s cabinet, and just 25% of seats in parliament were reserved for women. Hence, law was heavily defined by men, and al-Bashir claimed this way of thinking was rooted within traditional Sharia Law. Slide 10 (Significance of Sudan and Discrimination Global):This issue presents it‘s significance in 2012, as protests took place with the outcry for a democratic, representative Sudan. The government responded with arrests, further inducing harassment, and abusive treatment towards women that were held in detention. Hardships lead to further protests in 2018, and lead to the d-downfall of Omar Al-Bashir in 2019. Following his ended presidency marked by feelings of oppression and restriction of human rights, Sudan presented itself in a hopeful, festive manner, one that invokes the desire for women's rights. Many women are engaged in protests, and want to eliminate the sense of discrimination, from being treated as ‘second-class citizens’ by the government. A new era of democracy is present, but the need for gender discrimination to end and women political involvement to increase remains present. Slide 11 (Solutions):A local solution to ethnic discrimination as presented in the United States would be a system related to the existing checks and balances of the U.S political branches. A separate committee would be formed to ensure no political figure is carrying discriminatory views within politics. By doing so, unjust and unlawful political efforts to discriminate against a group, which can cause national divisions, will be reduced. Unbiased views for the betterment of the nation can reside. In a global context, further formal guidelines should be introduced within government to reduce discrimination of both gender and religion. This has already been implemented within Egypt’s Consitution of 2014, which specifically outlines the prevention of discrimination against women exerted by politics, economics or in social instances, as seen in Article 11. This type of equality, enforced through specific written guidelines, has already promoted a greater rise to female involvement in politics, now accounting for 15% of total representation. Slide 12 (Conclusion):To conclude, in order to prevent the outcome of national divisions and conflict, discrimination needs to be adressed immediately. Without further focus, history may repeat itself in d-dangerously, such as the impending issue of war through foreign affairs. Instead, if solved, we can pevent the economic deficit, and political shifts that arise from the issue of discrimination. And here are my sources.Sources: Fracolli, Erin. Women and Quotas in Egypts Parliament. January 5, 2017. Accessed: September 30, 2019. Harriot, Michael. How the Republican Party became The Party of Racism. July 23, 2018. Accessed: September 30, 2019. , Zolan. Trump Administration Expands Fast-Tracked Deportations for Undocumented Immigrants. July 22, 2019. Accessed: September 30, 2019. Magdy, Sammy. In new Sudan, women want more freedom, bigger political role. September 19, 2019. Accessed: September 30, 2019. Ratcliffe, Rebecca. Pakistan warns India its actions in Kashmir could provoke war. September 27, 2019. Accessed: September 30, 2019. Nixon, Ron. What Is ICE and Why Do Critics Want to Abolish it? July 3, 2018. Accessed: October 1, 2019. Marlow, Ian. Why India and Pakistan Keep On Clashing. August 4, 2019. Accessed: October 1, 2019. Abdulbari, Nassredeen. Why women led the uprising in sudan. April 12, 2019. Accessed: October 1, 2019. , Dave. Kashmir crackdown: A Warning of nuclear war between India and Pakistan. October 3, 2019. Accessed: October 4, 2019. Somin, Ilya. U.S Immigration Law Defines the American Constitution. October 3, 2019. Accessed: October 4, 2019. , Michel. Sudanese women at the forefront of protests after years of oppression. April 30, 2019. Accessed: October 4, 2019., Priyanka. India says its ‘no first use’ nuclear policy could change. Nature examines what that means for the country's fraught relationship with Pakistan. August 29, 2019. Accessed: October 4, 2019., Hannah. 24 immigrants have died in ICE custody during the Trump administration. June 9, 2019. Accessed: October 4, 2019. ................
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