Study Guide: Spontaneous Generation, Chemistry and the ...



Evolutionary Theory, Classification & Nature Of Science

Test Review

Standard 8

1. Explain all the ways that a person can “observe” the world around them.

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2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What does CONPTT stand for? Give an example of each.

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4. Name something that is “supernatural” and explain why science can’t study it.

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5. What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

a. _______________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________

d. _______________________________________________

e. _______________________________________________

6. What is a variable?

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7. What are the different types of variables?

a. ___________________________________

b. ___________________________________

8. Explain the two types of observations and give an example of each

a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What are examples of some constants in a lab? ______________________________________________________________________

10. What is a control group?

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11. What are the “Inferences” that Darwin made after his trip on the HMS Beagle?

a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Explain why Darwin's Finches all have different bills and different diets.

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a. What type of evolution is this? ____________________________

13. Explains Lamarck’s theory ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. What did he call the traits? ___________________________________

b. Give an example other than the giraffes

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c. Was his theory valid? _____________

14. What is a species? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. What is an adaptation?

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16. What is a variation?

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17. What is natural selection?

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18. List the different lines of evidence for Evolution and give an example of each

a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19. For both sets of structures, Identify if they are Homologous or Analogous and explain how you know!

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20. What is a Vestigial Structure? Give and example

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21. What are the two ways that a new species is produced. Explain each.

i. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

22. What is it called when a species changes into two new species:

a. Slowly over time? _____________________________

b. Rapid spurts of change? ________________________

c. Which one is supported by the fossil record? _______________________

23. List the different types of evolution and give an example of each.

a. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24. Name the Kingdoms and give one special trait of each of the 5 kingdoms

a. ______________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________________________

25. What general traits are used to classify them

a. ____________________________________

b. ____________________________________

c. ____________________________________

d. ____________________________________

26. What are the different types of arthropods? Describe what makes them different

a. ______________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________

27. What does the term vertebrate mean? _____________________________________________

28. What are the different types of vertebrates? List a special trait for each one

a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

29. What are the different types of mammals? List a special trait for each one

a. ______________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________

Possible Short Answers:

← What does it mean for an organism to be “fit” or “survive”?

← Explain the theory of “Acquired Characteristics” including whose theory it was, whether it is valid & an example

← Describe the following parts of an experiment including Independent Variable, Dependent Variable and Control

← Describe the process natural selection by explaining the four inferences Darwin made.

← Why it it important that we use classification to name organisms? Give examples.

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