Study Guide: Spontaneous Generation, Chemistry and the ...
Evolutionary Theory, Classification & Nature Of Science
Test Review
Standard 8
1. Explain all the ways that a person can “observe” the world around them.
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2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does CONPTT stand for? Give an example of each.
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4. Name something that is “supernatural” and explain why science can’t study it.
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5. What are the steps of the Scientific Method?
a. _______________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________
d. _______________________________________________
e. _______________________________________________
6. What is a variable?
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7. What are the different types of variables?
a. ___________________________________
b. ___________________________________
8. Explain the two types of observations and give an example of each
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. What are examples of some constants in a lab? ______________________________________________________________________
10. What is a control group?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. What are the “Inferences” that Darwin made after his trip on the HMS Beagle?
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Explain why Darwin's Finches all have different bills and different diets.
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a. What type of evolution is this? ____________________________
13. Explains Lamarck’s theory ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. What did he call the traits? ___________________________________
b. Give an example other than the giraffes
___________________________________________________________
c. Was his theory valid? _____________
14. What is a species? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. What is an adaptation?
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16. What is a variation?
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17. What is natural selection?
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18. List the different lines of evidence for Evolution and give an example of each
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
19. For both sets of structures, Identify if they are Homologous or Analogous and explain how you know!
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20. What is a Vestigial Structure? Give and example
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21. What are the two ways that a new species is produced. Explain each.
i. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. What is it called when a species changes into two new species:
a. Slowly over time? _____________________________
b. Rapid spurts of change? ________________________
c. Which one is supported by the fossil record? _______________________
23. List the different types of evolution and give an example of each.
a. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Name the Kingdoms and give one special trait of each of the 5 kingdoms
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________________________________
25. What general traits are used to classify them
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
d. ____________________________________
26. What are the different types of arthropods? Describe what makes them different
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
27. What does the term vertebrate mean? _____________________________________________
28. What are the different types of vertebrates? List a special trait for each one
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29. What are the different types of mammals? List a special trait for each one
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
Possible Short Answers:
← What does it mean for an organism to be “fit” or “survive”?
← Explain the theory of “Acquired Characteristics” including whose theory it was, whether it is valid & an example
← Describe the following parts of an experiment including Independent Variable, Dependent Variable and Control
← Describe the process natural selection by explaining the four inferences Darwin made.
← Why it it important that we use classification to name organisms? Give examples.
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