PDF Drug Use Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Drug Use Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research
National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This publication was produced for the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, by CSR, Incorporated, Washington, D.C., under Contract No. N01DA-6-5053. The report was developed by the project officer, Andrea Kopstein, of NIDA, and the co-project officer, Leslie Cooper, Ph.D. Significant contributors to the report include Diane Deitz, Ph.D., Lisa Gibson, M.P.M., Thomas Nephew, M.P.P.S., Faith Samples, Ph.D., Lorna Sanchez, William Scarbrough, Ph.D., and Fred Stinson, Ph.D., of CSR, Incorporated, under contract to NIDA.
PUBLIC DOMAIN NOTICE All material appearing in this volume is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from NIDA. Citation of the source is appreciated.
National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Publication No. 98-3888 Printed 1995 Revised September 1998
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... ix
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1
Definition of Race and Ethnicity............................................................................................2 American Indians/Alaska Natives ..........................................................................................4 Asian/Pacific Islanders.............................................................................................................4 African Americans....................................................................................................................5 Hispanics...................................................................................................................................5
Overview of Drug Use and Drug-Related Problems..........................................................6 Methods ........................................................................................................................................6 Data Sources ................................................................................................................................7
Census of the United States ....................................................................................................7 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse ..........................................................................7 Partnership Attitude Tracking Survey...................................................................................8 Monitoring the Future Study ..................................................................................................8 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth .................................................................................9 Dropout Statistics.................................................................................................................. 10 American Indian/Alaska Native Statistics.......................................................................... 10 Youth Risk Behavior Survey ................................................................................................ 10 Drug Abuse Warning Network............................................................................................. 11 AIDS Surveillance Data........................................................................................................ 11 Drug Use Forecasting System.............................................................................................. 12 Organization of the Report ................................................................................................... 13
2. POPULATION STATISTICS FOR RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE UNITED STATES...........................................................................................15
Population Statistics............................................................................................................... 15 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 16
3. GENERAL POPULATION...................................................................................................... 21
Prevalence of Drug Use.......................................................................................................... 21 Attitudes and Perceptions..................................................................................................... 24 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 27
4. YOUTH PREVALENCE........................................................................................................... 41
Age at First Use ........................................................................................................................ 41 Prevalence Trends................................................................................................................... 42
iii
Table of Contents Secondary School Students................................................................................................... 42 American Indians .................................................................................................................. 45 Longitudinal Trends ............................................................................................................... 46 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 47 5. YOUTH DRUG USE AND RISKY BEHAVIORS ................................................................ 67 School Dropout Trends .......................................................................................................... 67 Risk Behavior Trends ............................................................................................................. 69 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 69 6. ADVERSE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES ............................................................................. 81 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ............................................................................ 81 Drug-Related Emergency Room Episodes ........................................................................ 82 Drug-Related Deaths............................................................................................................... 85 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 86 7. DRUGS AND CRIME ............................................................................................................. 101 Drug Use Among Booked Arrestees.................................................................................. 102 Driving Under the Influence .............................................................................................. 103 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 103 8. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM AND RESEARCH NEEDS..................................................................................................... 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 111
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Estimated percentage distribution of the U.S. population, by race/ethnicity and Hispanic origin, 1990?2050 ............................................................................................ 17
Table 2 Weighted average poverty thresholds in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 by size of family ............................................................................................................... 18
Table 3 Poverty thresholds in 1996, by size of family and number of related children under 18 years of age (in dollars).................................................................... 19
Table 4
Persons and families living below poverty level, according to selected characteristics, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, selected years 1973?96 .................................................................................................................. 20
Table 5
NHSDA sample sizes and United States civilian noninstitutionalized population totals, by sex and age across race/ethnicity for ages 12 and older: 1996 ................................................................................................................ 29
Table 6 Prevalence of use for selected drugs among persons ages 12 and older in the United States: 1996 .............................................................................................. 30
Table 7 Prevalence of past-month drug use in the United States, by age and sex: 1996 ................................................................................................................... 31
Table 8 Prevalence of past-month drug use in the United States, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity represented in percentages: 1996 .......................................................... 32
Table 9 Prevalence of past-month drug use among Hispanics in the United States, by age and sex represented in percentages: 1995 and 1996 combined .......... 33
Table 10 Percentage of women of childbearing age (15?44) using drugs, by age, race/ethnicity, and population density: 1996 ................................................................ 34
Table 11 Percentage of live-born infants' mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy, by year and race/ethnicity, U.S. final natality statistics, 1989-1995...........................36
Table 12 Percent of respondents who believe that selected drugs are easy to get for themselves (youth and teens) and for their children (parents), by race/ethnicity: 1993, 1995, and 1996....................................................................................................................................37
Table 13 Percent of respondents who associate danger/great risk with the use of selected drugs, by race/ethnicity: 1993, 1995, and 1996 ...............................................................38
Table 14 Percent of respondents who agree with selected statements concerning various drugs by race/ethnicity: 1993, 1995, and 1996 ................................................................39
Table 15 Average age of first use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana for youth ages 12?17 by race/ethnicity: 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1996 ..................................49
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