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WH16 Midterm 1

1. Which statement best represents the “story” of the Scientific Revolution?

a. Artisans played no role in the New Science

b. It undermined religion and magic and replaced superstition with reasoned fact

c. It was not an organized effort

d. It had little effect on the worldview of the 18th century philosophe

2. Which one of the following is not part of the Five Pillars of Islam?

a. Prayer

b. Pilgrimage

c. Fasting

d. Silence

3. Rousseau’s somewhat conflicting views on female nature illustrate:

a. his belief that women have the same natural rights as men.

b. The general view that women were little more than creatures of lust and passion.

c. The shifting meaning of nature by the middle of the 18th century.

d. The idea that men and women should receive an identical education.

4. Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes’ attitude toward slavery?

a. All slavery is inhuman and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately.

b. Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles.

c. Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference.

d. Slavery had corrupted its victims and so slaves were not ready for freedom.

5. In her Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued:

a. men and women share a common humanity.

b. there was no such thing as a natural division of labor.

c. virtue ought to mean different things to men and women.

d. Republicanism was an ill-conceived idea dedicated to the violent disruption of society.

6. Why was tobacco so important to early colonists?

a. This was the only crop they could get to grow in their soil

b. It was very popular and so helped their economy when it went to market

c. It was not. Cotton was important.

d. None of the above

7. In general, the philosophers considered Judaism and Islam

a. to be enlightened partners in human progress.

b. As religions in need of rational reform.

c. The objects of necessary persecution.

d. Superstitious and backwards religions.

8. 18th century “enlightened” monarchs of all types insisted that state sovereignty rested with the:

a. Estates General, Diets, and Parliaments.

b. People as citizens rather than subjects.

c. Middle and upper class men.

d. Monarchy

9. Catherine the Great tried to win the favor of her nobles by:

a. Giving them officer status in the army

b. Granting them absolute control over serfs on their estate

c. Exempting them from service in the bureaucracy

d. Building a capital city in St. Petersburg

10. Which Enlightened thinker most influenced Catherine the Great and why was she viewed as scandalous?

a. Voltaire, for her alleged involvement with the death of her husband and subsequent lovers

b. Locke, for her German heritage and ruling without the aid of a husband

c. Rousseau, for her willingness to be open to Western ideas and non-Russian thinkers

d. None of the above

11. According to Locke’s political theory, in the State of Nature, all men have

a. political rights

b. civil rights

c. social duties

d. natural rights

12. What system favored a limited role for government in economic life?

a. Manoral system

b. Mercantile system

c. Feudal system

d. Laissez-faire

13. The name of the greatest Ottoman leader was and how many Islamic Empires were there in the 18th century?

a. Akbar I, 2

b. Suleiman I, 3

c. Abbas I, 2

d. Muhammad, 3

14. The 18th century witnessed the birth of

a. Industrial production

b. Colonialism

c. Slavery

d. None of the above

15. What is Absolutism and who did not practice it?

a. Total authority given to the crown, Catherine the Great

b. Total authority given to the crown , Queen Elizabeth

c. Complete representation given to the people, Peter the Great

d. Complete representation given to the people, Fredrick the Great

16. In general, the policies of Peter the Great included:

a. The accommodation of the streltsy into the bureaucracy.

b. The introduction of Western ideas and customs into middle- and upper-class Russian society.

c. Reducing the tax burden upon the peasantry.

d. Freeing his serfs and giving them land.

17. In general, the only idea that Descartes and Bacon agreed upon was:

a. all human knowledge emanates from the human soul.

b. the authority of the past was of little use to scientific endeavor.

c. human beings are not to be understood as machines.

d. human knowledge is determined by experience of the natural world.

18. Which statement best describes Newton’s attitude toward Christianity?

a. All worldly concern must be rejected in order for the soul to be saved.

b. All religions must be rejected because they are contrary to human reason.

c. Religion is nothing more than the “opium of the people”.

d. Science and faith are compatible and mutually supporting.

19. What was Voltaire’s position on the incident in Calas?

a. He supported the idea of trial by judges and voiced his consent.

b. He opposed the verdict and was outraged by the use of torture.

c. He supported the crown’s decision and believed in submission.

d. He opposed the treaty and called for rebellion.

20. The flourishing “literary underground” of the 18th century

a. Did not reflect the more radical ideas of the Enlightenment.

b. Was responsible for publishing books about virtues of “Church and King.”

c. Portrayed the corruption of the aristocracy and the monarchy’s degeneration into despotism.

d. Created the impression that all was well in the ancient regime.

21. The purpose of the vast collective venture of the Encyclopedia was:

a. To change the general way of thinking.

b. To demonstrate that English science was superior to French science.

c. To create the conditions necessary for the violent overthrow of the ancient regime.

d. To enlighten the common people.

22. Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes’ attitude toward slavery?

a. All slavery is inhuman and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately.

b. Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles.

c. Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference.

d. Slavery had corrupted its victims and so slaves were not ready for freedom.

23. What was one of the most important results of the Revolution in Agriculture?

a. Started the Scientific Revolution

b. Led to stable food supply

c. The introduction of potatoes to Europe

d. None of the above

24. Why did the American Revolution succeed and not the French Revolution?

a. Colonists had a clear idea of who the enemy was

b. Colonies had already had practice in self governing

c. Colonies were far across the sea

d. All of the above

25. The National Assembly organized

a. The Proclamation of Law and Peace

b. The Standards of Revolution

c. The Committee of Public Safety

d. The Final Battle for Independence

26. The Wars for Latin American Independence included

a. Brazil

b. Argentina

c. Cuba

d. Cost Rica

27. The Reign of Terror was historically significant because

a. It led to the largest massacre of Native Americans in history

b. It was the first time government of the people used violence on the people

c. It was passed by King Louis and required the heads of all nobles who betrayed him

d. None of the above

28. The Declaration of Rights of Men did not include

a. Women as citizens

b. Men over 65 as having rights

c. Children as property

d. All of the above

29. Who were the Jacobins?

a. Russian peasants who supported the monarchy and did not want to end their life in agriculture

b. The spies that worked for General George Washington during the American Revolution

c. The most radical of the political groups in the French Revolution

d. I don’t know

30. The Last Emperor of France was

a. Arrested by the time the American Revolution was over

b. Was the United States’ least reliable ally

c. Did not believe in being a monarch

d. None of the above

31. The Treaty of Paris

a. Ended the Crimean War

b. Ended the American Revolution

c. Ended the French Revolution

d. All of the above

32. The 18th Century Industrial Revolution

a. Led to the use of new manufacturing processes

b. Saw the industrialization of agricultural societies

c. Started in Europe

d. All of the above

33. Which country was NOT part of the Napoleonic Wars?

a. Russia

b. Prussia

c. Spain

d. Austria

34. The Women’s March in France was a response to

a. Wanting the right to vote

b. Economic depression

c. Loss of property rights

d. None of the above

35. The tennis court oath

a. Was about lack of bread

b. Was led by Marat

c. Was done by protest by the Third Estate

d. None of the above

36. The Safavid Empire developed advanced

a. Science

b. Mathematics

c. Medicine

d. All of the above

37. The Mughal Empire ruled over

a. Mesopotamia

b. India

c. Egypt

d. All of the above

True (A) or False (B)

38. The Janissaries were young slave corps in the Ottoman Empire.

39. The Silk Road carried goods, diseases and ideas from the East to the West.

40. Olympia de Gouges married a Prussian Lord and fought for the French people.

41. Venice had a critical trade relationship with the Ottomans.

42. The Renaissance was an intellectual movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life.

43. The middle passage was the journey people who were made slaves made across the Atlantic.

44. The cotton gin increased demand for slaves.

45. Catherine the Great and Louis the XVI are examples of absolute monarchy.

MAP

46. Florence

47. Venice

48. London

49. Paris

50. Ottoman Empire

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B

D

C

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A

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