TERMS:



SYSTEMS OF JUSTICE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS

Chapter 1:

1. Which statement best explains the relationship between law and values?

a. Law expresses the morality of the majority of the citizens

b. Everything that is illegal is also immoral

c. Society’s laws are influenced by traditional ideas of right and wrong

d. If an act is legal, it is also moral

2. What statement is true about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights AND U.S. constitutional rights?

a. Both sets of rights can be enforced by a lawsuit in U.S. courts

b. Both sets of rights limit the actions of government and private individuals

c. Both sets of rights exist merely because we are human

d. Both sets of rights include the rights to political and religious freedom

3. Most criminal and civil laws are passed by state or local legislatures. This demonstrates what two constitutional principles?

a. limited government and federalism

b. separation of powers and checks and balances

c. judicial review and federalism

d. Bill of Rights and judicial review

4. Congress made it a requirement that in order for the states to receive highway funds from the federal government, they would have to raise the drinking age to 21. This is one way that Congress has expanded its power under which constitutional principle?

a. limited government

b. checks and balances

c. judicial review

d. separation of powers

5. The U.S. Supreme Court was asked to decide whether Virginia’s ban on cross burning with intent to intimidate violated the First Amendment. This is an example of ________.

a. limited government

b. Separation of powers

c. checks and balances

d. judicial review

Chapter 2:

6. A statute passed by which legislative body affects everyone in the United States?

a. county council

b. state legislature

c. city council

d. Congress

7. One Native American Tribal Council sets a speed limit. Who has to follow this law?

a. people who drive on the reservation of this tribe.

b. all Native American tribal members in the United States

c. all Native American tribal members in the state where this reservation is located

d. no one because tribal councils do not have authority to pass laws

8. The federal statutes make use of marijuana for medical purposes a crime. Yet some states passed laws making medical use of marijuana legal. How does the supremacy clause of the Constitution affect this?

a. Federal law makes these state laws invalid

b. Federal law does not apply to states that have laws permitting medical marijuana use

c. Federal government does not have authority to pass criminal laws about marijuana

d. States do not have authority to pass criminal laws about marijuana

9. What is an example of legislative intent from the Case of the Unclear Law?

a. The language of the law reads that no vehicles are allowed in the park.

b. Parents with wheeled strollers will be kept out of the park.

c. People will be confused about what kinds of vehicles can be used in the park.

d. The city council wants to preserve nature within the city.

10. _________ are higher courts that people who lose a trial can ask to review and change the result of the trial.

a. Trial courts

b. Federal courts

c. State courts

d. Appellate courts

Chapter 3:

11. Which of the following is the best example of advocacy?

a. The city council passes a law making it illegal to skateboard on the streets.

b. Tran is a paid signature gatherer. He collects 500 signatures for an initiative to ban

the trapping of animals within

the city limits.

c. Juan is unhappy that students skipping school are suspended as punishment. He hosts

a meeting to organize a

youth court in the school.

d. Tina is also unhappy with the way truancy is handled at school. She complains to her

friends about it.

12. Voting is a(n) _______

a. privilege

b. right

c. mandatory duty

d. experience

13. Which of the following is an example of an initiative?

a. The citizens of one state have signed petitions to remove their governor from office.

b. The citizens of one state have signed petitions to require small class sizes in schools.

c. The state legislature has passed a law that is contingent upon the voters’ approval on

election day.

d. A group of citizens has convinced a legislator to introduce a bill in the state

legislature.

14. Which of the following is an example of referendum?

a. The citizens of one state have signed petitions to remove their governor from office.

b. The citizens of one state have signed petitions to require small class sizes in schools.

c. The state legislature has passed a law that is contingent upon the voters’ approval on

election day.

d. A group of citizens has convinced a legislator to introduce a bill in the state

legislature.

15. Which group won the right to vote in the United States most recently?

a. African Americans

b. women

c. Native Americans

d. 18-20 year olds

Chapter 4:

16. What is a disadvantage of going to court to solve a conflict?

a. Involvement of juries in court cases ensures that the community has a role in deciding what is fair.

b. Decisions by courts can be enforced through the power of the government.

c. Having an attorney speak for the parties helps ensure that their wishes are clearly presented.

d. The court process can take a long time and be very expensive.

17. Sam volunteered to buy tickets online for an upcoming concert for himself and his friend T’Andre. When T’Andre got sick and couldn’t go he refused to pay for the ticket Sam had bought for him. Sam and T’Andre get together to talk about how they can resolve their dispute. This is an example of _____________.

a. mediation

b. arbitration

c. negotiation

d. court action

18. Workers and management could not agree on how much employees would pay for medical care. Their labor agreement stated that this issue would go to a person who would hold a hearing and then have the authority to decide it. This is an example of ________.

a. mediation

b. arbitration

c. negotiation

d. court action

19. Which of the following describes mediation?

a. The person listening to both sides decides how to solve the conflict.

b. Both sides reach an agreement without any outside help.

c. A neutral person sets ground rules and helps both sides list their concerns and reach a

resolution.

d. Both sides have a representative to help solve the conflict.

20. One distinguishing feature of negotiation and mediation is that __________.

a. they focus on the past conflict

b. they focus on the future relationship between the parties

c. they involve an expert in solving the conflict

d. they use a formal process to ensure fairness

Chapter 5:

21. The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires that juries __________.

a. be provided in criminal cases in both state and federal court

b. be provided in civil cases in both state and federal court

c. consist of twelve persons in criminal cases

d. be comprised of citizens who are 18 years old and speak English

22. Trials occur ___________

a. in most criminal cases because a jury is generally able to decide guilt or innocence

accurately

b. in few criminal cases because most criminals plea bargain

c. in most civil cases because judges can understand the complex issues presented by

today’s cases

d. in few cases because there is generally no right to a jury trial in civil cases

23. What is voir dire?

a. process of calling people to jury service

b. process of assigning jurors to specific cases

c. process of screening people for jury service in a particular case

d. process of removing jurors from a case because of their inability to reach a fair verdict

24. Which of the following is a characteristic of an appeals court?

a. Evidence is submitted through the proper witness

b. Only arguments from attorneys are presented in court.

c. Witnesses give testimony under oath.

d. Juries decide the facts.

25. When the highest state court in a state makes a decision, this precendent must be followed by ___________.

a. all federal trial courts in the state

b. all federal appellate courts in the state

c. the U.S. Supreme Court

d. the lower appellate and trial courts in the state

26. What type of case would likely be heard in federal court?

a. divorce between two persons who now live in different states

b. criminal case involving shoplifting

c. car accident case in which plaintiff and defendant live in different states and the

plantiff is suing for $100,000

d. probate case in which a son is claiming that his deceased father was not competent

when he made his will

27. Why is the Case of Gideon v. Wainwright important?

a. It set a new precedent for the entire country

b. It showed that state law is paramount

c. It showed that once precedent has been established, it cannot change

d. It set a new precedent for the state of Florida

Chapter 6:

28. What is the best way to find a lawyer?

a. Get a recommendation from a person who has had a similar legal problem and was

satisfied with his or her lawyer

b. Find a lawyer listed in the phone book

c. Call the state bar association and get a referral

d. Answer an advertisement that you see on the Internet.

29. What does the attorney-client privilege mean?

a. The attorney cannot reveal anything that the client tells the attorney in confidence.

b. The attorney and client cannot reveal anything that is revealed in the attorney-

client interview

c. The client cannot reveal anything that the client tells the attorney.

d. The client cannot reveal anything that the attorney tells the client

Chapter 7:

30. The total of government expenditures on crime is approximately __________.

a. 1 billion per year c. 25 billion per year e. 100 billion per year

b. 10 billion per year d. 50 billion per year

31. A family of four that is not a crime victim spends an average of more than _____per year in taxes on crime.

a. $100 c. $500 e. $1500

b. $300 d. $1000

32. In 1993, Congress amended the Gun Control Act by enacting the _____________.

a. Jodi Foster Act c. Brady Act

b. Ronald Reagan Act d. Nugent Act

33. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, alcohol is involved in 10 percent of work related injuries and 40 percent of suicide attempts. The annual cost of alcohol abuse to American society is estimated at _____________.

a. between 10 and 20 billion dollars c. between 70 and 80 billion dollars

b. between 40 and 50 billion dollars d. more than 100 billion dollars

34. Under the implied consent law in Michigan if you refuse to take a blood alcohol concentration test then the penalty for your refusal is:

a. no penalty, it’s ok to refuse c. 1 year in jail

b. 6 points added to your license and 1 year suspension d. $500 fine

35. Decisions as to what constitutes a crime are made by ______________.

a. the executive branch c. agencies

b. the legislative branch d. the courts

36. The group of people that commits the most violent crimes is persons aged ________.

a. 15 to 24 c. 35 to 44

b. 25 to 34 d. 45 to 54

37. Which of the following is the strongest predictor of crime?

a. urban area c. poverty

b. family instability d. weak economy

38. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Second Amendment guarantees ________.

a. the right of citizens to own and possess guns

b. the state’s right to maintain a militia

c. the right of citizens to strike down gun control laws

d. the right of the federal government to ban handguns

39. The most widely abused substance in the United States today is _____________.

a. crack cocaine c. methamphetamines

b. marijuana d. alcohol

40. The group most likely to be victims of violent crime is persons aged ________.

a. 12 to 24 years c. 40 to 64 years

b. 25 to 39 years d. 65 years and older

Chapter 8:

41. A guilty state of mind generally does not include acts done ____________.

a. intentionally c. willfully

b. knowingly d. carelessly

42. Which of the following is an example of a motive?

a. Susan knowingly threw a lit cigarette out the car window.

b. Cecil took the meat because he was hungry.

c. Nate willfully drove 100 miles per hour.

d. Tora intentionally walked out of the store without paying for her items.

43. Marino sells alcohol to Michael, who is underage. Marino is guilty of _______.

a. a crime only if Michael appeared to be underage

b. no crime, unless Michael claimed to be 21 years of age

c. a crime whether or not Marino believed Michael to be underage

d. no crime

44. Stanley and Gabriel agree to rob a bank. Stanley goes to the bank to study its layout. Gabriel has committed __________________.

a. no crime c. conspiracy

b. solicitation d. attempt

45. Making conspiracy a crime is sometimes criticized as a threat to _____________.

a. law enforcement c. freedom of speech and association

b. privacy d. life

46. Laws that relieve bystanders from most civil liability when they help people in danger, but they have not required bystanders to help are known as __________ laws.

a. Jolly Good Fellow c. Helper

b. Good Samaritan d. Volunteer

Chapter 9:

47. Excusable homicide is _____________.

a. a less serious crime than manslaughter c. punished the same as murder in the 2nd degree

b. a more serious crime than manslaughter d. not a crime

48. The degrees of murder were created to reflect ____________.

a. the killer’s state of mind or circumstances surrounding the killing

b. more sympathetic juries

c. society’s view that all intentional killing is a crime

d. that rehabilitation can work in some cases

49. today, the difference between assault and battery is _____________.

a. no practical difference c. assault is a tort but battery is not a tort

b. assault is a misdemeanor and battery is a felony d. assault is not a tort but battery is a tort

50. Rape shield laws ____________.

a. prevent media coverage of rape trials

b. require convicted rapists to go to prison

c. prohibit rape defendants from presenting evidence about a victim’s sexual history

d. prohibit prosecutors from calling defendants in rape cases to testify

51. The most important difference between rape and statutory rape is that __________.

a. only males can be convicted of statutory rape.

b. consent is not an element of statutory rape.

c. rape involves violence and statutory rape does not

d. males can be victims of rape but not statutory rape

Chapter 10:

52. Property crimes include all of the following EXCEPT _______.

a. arson c. vehicular homicide

b. vandalism d. shoplifting

53. The difference between robbery and larceny is __________.

a. use of force c. the nature of the property taken

b. the amount taken d. the intent to deprive the owner of her property

54. A person can be found guilty of receiving stolen property if he or she __________.

a. knew that the property is stolen

b. knew or had reason to believe it was stolen

c. got something for an incredibly cheap price

d. was motivated to help the seller

Chapter 11:

55. A recent scientific and technological development allows _________ evidence to help prove the defendant is guilty.

a. lie detector c. brain wave pattern

b. DNA d. psychic reading

56. An example of a defense in which the defendant committed a criminal act but the act was excusable or justifiable is ____________________.

a. alibi c. self-defense

b. intoxication d. entrapment

57. Intoxication is a defense to a crime when the defendant ___________.

a. was so drunk, she didn’t know what she was doing

b. got drunk to work up the courage to commit the crime

c. decided to commit the crime and then got drunk

d. is charged with a crime that has a specific intent element

58. The insanity defense applies only if the defendant was insane at the time _________.

a. of the trial c. of the crime

b. after trial d. preceding the crime

59. After receiving realistic threats that her husband would be harmed in prison if she did not bring drugs into the prison, she smuggled drugs into the prison and is caught. She can claim _____.

a. duress c. alibi

b. necessity d. no defense

Chapter 12:

60. A court order commanding a person to be taken into custody is a(n) _____.

a. search warrant

b. writ of habeas corpus

c. arrest warrant

d. summons

61. If law enforcement has reasonable suspicion that a person is engaged in criminal activity, an officer may _______.

a. not take any action without a warrant

b. stop and question a person

c. arrest the person

d. search the person

62. Law enforcement may use deadly force during a felony arrest when the suspect _____.

a. resists arrest

b. attempts to escape

c. attempts to escape and presents a significant threat of death or serious bodily harm to

the officer or others

d. has a history of escape attempts

63. A search conducted by a _________ is not covered by the Fourth Amendment.

a. parent

b. public school teacher

c. police officer

d. probation officer

64. Police find Deborah unconscious on the street and open her purse to find out who she is. They find illegal drugs, which are _________.

a. admissible under the emergency situation exception to the warrant requirement

b. inadmissible because the officers lacked a search warrant

c. admissible under the plain view exception to the warrant requirement

d. inadmissible because there was no probable cause to open the purse

65. To search the bookbag of a student in a public school, school administrators must have _____.

a. probable cause that a crime or school rule violation has been committed

b. reasonable suspicion that a crime or school rule violation has been committed

c. a search warrant

d. a reliable informant

66. Failure to give Miranda warnings means that _________.

a. the arrest is unlawful

b. charges must be dropped against the defendant

c. the defendant cannot be questioned

d. statements made by a defendant cannot be used against him or her at trial

Chapter 13:

67. The most important decision a the initial appearance is whether to ___________.

a. plead guilty

b. give a DNA sample

c. release the defendant from custody

d. accept a court-appointed attorney

68. _____________ is an amount of money paid to the court to ensure that the defendant returns for the next court appearance.

a. a fine

b. bail

c. restitution

d. damages

69. Personal recognizance is release from custody by a(n) ________.

a. percentage bond

b. bond paid to a bond company

c. promise by the accused to return to court

d. identification of the accused by the judge

70. The federal government and about 20 states use a(n) _________ to determine whether there is sufficient cause to believe that a person has committed a crime and should stand trial.

a. grand jury

b. preliminary hearing

c. indictment

d. information

71. After the sniper shootings in the Washington, D.C., area, defense attorneys for the alleged snipers made a motion for ________ to avoid using jurors who had been affected by the snipers.

a. change of venue

b. suppression of evidence

c. continuance

d. discovery of evidence

72. Plea bargaining benefits the prosecutor by_____________.

a. allowing the defendant to plead guilty to a less serious charge

b. allowing the defendant to get a recommendation for a lighter sentence

c. avoiding the time and expense of a public trial

d. ensuring that citizens get a chance to sit on juries

73. ___________ are most likely to object to plea bargaining.

a. victims

b. prosecutors

c. defense attorneys

d. defendants

Chapter 14:

74. Due process includes all of the following rights for accused persons EXCEPT _____________.

a. a jury trial in public

b. a trial without undue delay

c. to be informed of charges against them

d. a free attorney even when they can afford to pay for one

75. Peremptory challenges to prospective jurors can ______________.

a. never be objected to by the defense

b. be used to exclude jurors because they are biased

c. be used to exclude jurors without having to give a reason

d. be used to keep people of a specific racial group off the jury

76. Jury nullification means that ______________.

a. defendants can waive their right to a jury trial

b. juries may disregard the law in the interests of justice

c. the judge may throw out the jury’s verdict for lack of evidence

d. potential jurors are dismissed from the jury pool

77. A subpoena is _____________.

a. a court order to compel a witness to come to court

b. a pretrial order to suppress evidence illegally seized

c. the dismissal of a juror because of bias

d. a court appointment of a public defender to represent the accused

78. In a criminal case in which no jail time is possible as a penalty, the defendant has ________.

a. no constitutional right to an attorney

b. a constitutional right to an attorney

c. a constitutional right to an attorney only if he is too poor to pay for one

d. a constitutional right to a public defender

79. For accused persons in felony cases, a lawyer will be appointed _____________.

a. from the prosecutor’s office

b. when the accused is too poor to hire a lawyer

c. unless there is an eyewitness who saw the accused commit the crime

d. unless the evidence establishes that the accused is guilty

80. All of the following choices are available to criminal defendants who have been convicted EXCEPT ______.

a. to make a motion to judge to overturn the verdict

b. to appeal the conviction

c. to ask the judge to declare a mistrial

d. to have an automatic right to be free until an appeal is heard

81. All of the following actions will be part of an appeal EXCEPT _________.

a. submission of legal briefs

b. oral arguments

c. testimony of witnesses

d. review of the trial transcripts

Chapter 15:

82. Rehabilitation is a goal of sentencing served most directly by _____________.

a. imprisonment for five years

b. fine of $5,000

c. death sentence

d. probation with requirement to attend alcoholics anonymous meetings

83. Under mandatory sentencing, a judge __________.

a. has less discretion in determining a sentence

b. has more discretion in determining a sentence

c. must sentence a convicted felon to life imprisonment without parole

d. may choose any sentencing option that the judge feels best serves the defendant and the community

84. To be constitutional, death penalty laws must _____________.

a. give great discretion to juries

b. require that mitigating circumstances be considered

c. require that aggravating circumstances be considered

d. require that mitigating and aggravating circumstances be considered

85. Prisoners have _________ constitutional rights in prison.

a. no

b. limited

c. expanded

d. the same

86. The number of people in prison in the United States has _______________.

a. dropped dramatically in recent years

b. increased dramatically in recent years

c. remained the same over the last 20 years

d. dropped slightly in recent years

Chapter 16:

87. The first juvenile courts were set up because _________________.

a. adult courts were too easy on juveniles

b. society believed that the family had failed juveniles and the juvenile courts would take the place of family

c. juveniles had not previously been thought capable of committing crimes

d. retribution from juveniles should be set out in different terms from adults

.

88. Today’s “get-tough” philosophy results in more juveniles ____________.

a. remaining in juvenile court

b. being transferred to adult court

c. not being prosecuted for their crimes

d. getting their cases dismissed

89. Juveniles do NOT have a right to ________________.

a. trial by jury

b. an attorney

c. confront witnesses

d. remain silent

90. Juveniles who serve time for juvenile offenses cannot ____________________.

a. be held beyond a certain age set by state law, such as 21 or 23 years

b. attend school

c. participate in rehabilitation

d. be required to take anger management courses

91. Juveniles who are found delinquent _______________.

a. do not have a criminal record

b. have a criminal record

c. will now have one strike against them under the “Three Strikes” Law

d. lose their right to vote

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| |75. |Peremptory challenges to prospective jurors can __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |never be objected to by the defense |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |be used to exclude jurors because they are biased |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |be used to exclude jurors without having to give a reason |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |be used to keep people of a specific racial group off the jury |  |

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| |76. |Jury nullification means that __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |defendants can waive their right to a jury trial |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |juries may disregard the law in the interests of justice |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |the judge may throw out the jury's verdict for lack of evidence |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |potential jurors are dismissed from the jury pool |  |

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| |77. |A subpoena is __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |a court order to compel a witness to come to court |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |a pretrial order to suppress evidence illegally seized |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |the dismissal of a juror because of bias |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |a court appointment of a public defender to represent the accused |  |

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| |78. |In a criminal case in which no jail time is possible as a penalty, the defendant has __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |no constitutional right to an attorney |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |a constitutional right to an attorney |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |a constitutional right to an attorney only if he is too poor to pay for one |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |a constitutional right to a public defender |  |

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| |79. |For accused persons in felony cases, a lawyer will be appointed __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |from the prosecutor's office |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |when the accused is too poor to hire a lawyer |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |unless there is an eyewitness who saw the accused commit the crime |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |unless the evidence establishes that the accused is guilty |  |

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| |80. |All of the following choices are available to criminal defendants who have been convicted EXCEPT __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |to make a motion to the judge to overturn the verdict |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |to appeal the conviction |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |to ask the judge to declare a mistrial |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |to have an automatic right to be free until an appeal is heard |  |

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| |81. |All of the following actions will be part of an appeal EXCEPT __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |submission of legal briefs |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |oral arguments |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |testimony of witnesses |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |review of the trial transcripts | |

|Chapter 15: |

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| |82. |Rehabilitation is a goal of sentencing served most directly by __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |imprisonment for five years |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |fine of $5,000 |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |death sentence |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |probation with requirement to attend alcoholics anonymous meetings |  |

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| |83. |Under mandatory sentencing, a judge __________. | |

| | | |  |

|  |[pic] |a.   |has less discretion in determining a sentence |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |has more discretion in determining a sentence |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |must sentence a convicted felon to life imprisonment without parole |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |may choose any sentencing option that the judge feels best serves the defendant and the community |  |

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| |84. |To be constitutional, death penalty laws must __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |give great discretion to juries |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |require that mitigating circumstances be considered |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |require that aggravating circumstances be considered |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |require that mitigating and aggravating circumstances be considered |  |

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| |85. |Prisoners have __________ constitutional rights in prison. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |no |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |limited |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |expanded |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |the same |  |

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| |86. |The number of people in prison in the United States has __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |dropped dramatically in recent years |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |increased dramatically in recent years |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |remained the same over the last 20 years |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |dropped slightly in recent years |  |

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|Chapter 16: |

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| |87. |The first juvenile courts were set up because __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |adult courts were too easy on juveniles |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |society believed that the family had failed juveniles and the juvenile courts would take the place of family |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |juveniles had not previously been thought capable of committing crimes |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |retribution from juveniles should be set out in different terms from adults |  |

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| |88. |Today's "get-tough" philosophy results in more juveniles __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |remaining in juvenile court |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |being transferred to adult court |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |not being prosecuted for their crimes |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |getting their cases dismissed |  |

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| |89. |Juveniles do NOT have a right to __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |trial by jury |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |an attorney |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |confront witnesses |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |remain silent |  |

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| |90. |Juveniles who serve time for juvenile offenses cannot __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |be held beyond a certain age set by state law, such as 21 or 23 years |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |attend school |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |participate in rehabilitation |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |be required to take anger management courses |  |

| |  |  |  |

| |  |  | |

| |91. |Juveniles who are found delinquent __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |do not have a criminal record |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |have a criminal record |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |will now have one strike against them under the "Three Strikes" Law |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |lose their right to vote | |

Chapter 18:

92. A person who commits a civil wrong against another is ______________.

a. guilty of a crime

b. guilty of a tort

c. liable for a crime

d. liable for a tort

93. What is an example of a tort remedy?

a. imprisonment

b. monetary damages

c. restitution

d. probation

94. Why do tort cases go to trial?

a. The plaintiff and defendant cannot agree on compensation or responsibility.

b. The case will be decided more quickly at trial.

c. The costs and fees will be lower if the case goes to trial.

d. Trials are much more common than settlements.

95. Which is a characteristic of civil tort trials?

a. The prosecutor represents the plaintiff.

b. The burden of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt.

c. The penalties for the defendant are more severe than criminal penalties.

d. The standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence.

| |92. |A person who commits a civil wrong against another is __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |guilty of a crime |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |guilty of a tort |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |liable for a crime |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |liable for a tort |  |

| |  |  | |

| |93. |What is an example of a tort remedy? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |imprisonment |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |monetary damages |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |restitution |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |probation |  |

| |  |  |  |

| |  |  | |

| |94. |Why do tort cases go to trial? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |The plaintiff and defendant cannot agree on compensation or responsibility. |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |The case will be decided more quickly at trial. |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |The costs and fees will be lower if the case goes to trial. |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |Trials are much more common than settlements. |  |

| |  | | |

| | | |  |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| |95. |Which is a characteristic of civil tort trials? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |The prosecutor represents the plaintiff. |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |The burden of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt. |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |The penalties for the defendant are more severe than criminal penalties. |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |The standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence. |  |

Chapter 19:

96. Damages that make up for the harm caused are called ______________.

a. punitive damages

b. compensatory damages

c. nominal damages

d. exemplary damages

| |96. |Damages that make up for the harm caused are called __________. | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |punitive damages |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |compensatory damages |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |nominal damages |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |exemplary damages |  |

Chapter 20:

97. What is the underlying reason for awarding damages in negligence cases?

a. to deter people from acting negligently

b. to restore plaintiffs to their pre-injury condition

c. to penalize the defendant for acting negligently

d. to console the plaintiff by giving him or her money

| |97. |What is the underlying reason for awarding damages in negligence cases? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |to deter people from acting negligently |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |to restore plaintiffs to their preinjury condition |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |to penalize the defendant for acting negligently |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |to console the plaintiff by giving him or her money |  |

Chapter 21:

98. What are class action lawsuits?

a. Individuals sue for damages caused because of a person’s class and status.

b. They are strict liability suits for defective products.

c. They involve many people in the same lawsuit suing for damages.

d. These lawsuits ask for a court order to remove a product from being made.

| |98. |What are class action lawsuits? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |Individuals sue for damages caused because of a person's class and status. |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |They are strict liability suits for defective products. |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |They involves many people in the same lawsuit suing for damages. |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |These lawsuits ask for a court order to remove a product from being made. |  |

Chapter 22:

99. What argument supports legislation banning cell phone use while driving?

a. Police have been able to catch drunk drivers faster because of calls from cell phone users.

b. Emergency vehicles have been able to save lives because of cell phone calls from drivers.

c. Most states do not collect data on whether cell phones were in use when investigating accidents.

d. Cell phone used has caused accidents.

100. What argument can be used to oppose legislation banning cell phone use while driving?

a. The answer to the problem is to use common sense, not to pass more laws.

b. Fifty percent of drivers have cell phones in their vehicles.

c. Eighty percent of cell phone owners keep their cell phones on at least some of the time they are driving.

d. Cell phone use has caused accidents.

| |99. |What argument supports legislation banning cell phone use while driving? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |Police have been able to catch drunk drivers faster because of calls from cell phone users. |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |Emergency vehicles have been able to save lives because of cell phone calls from drivers. |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |Most states do not collect data on whether cell phones were in use when investigating accidents. |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |Cell phone use has caused accidents. |  |

| |  |  | |

| |100. |What argument can be used to oppose legislation banning cell phone use while driving? | |

|  |[pic] |a.   |The answer to the problem is to use common sense, not to pass more laws. |  |

|  |[pic] |b.   |Fifty percent of drivers have cell phones in their vehicles. |  |

|  |[pic] |c.   |Eighty percent of cell phone owners keep their cell phones on at least some of the time they are driving. |  |

|  |[pic] |d.   |Cell phone use has caused accidents. | |

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