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Prison Bowl V

Questions written and edited by Hunter College High School (Mehnaj Ahmed, Lily Chen, York Chen, William Dou, Matthew Gurevitch, Willie Ha, Sarah Hamerling, Sophey Ho, Brent Morden, Alex Moschetti, Paul Moschetti, Tenzin Norzin, Wilton Rao, Karina Xie, David Xu, Richard Yu, Marianna Zhang, Zihan Zheng).

Round 03 – Tossups

1. One form of this process is interpreted using the two intercepts of the discordia and concordia lines, and is often performed on zircon because it rejects lead from its crystal lattice. Pleochroic halos can be observed using this method, one form of which uses chlorine and is specific to the 1950s. Other forms include samarium-neodymium, rubidium-strontium, and potassium-argon. Another form of this technique uses the fact that, every 5,730 years, half of the carbon-14 nuclei decay away. For 10 points, name this technique, often using uranium-238, that finds the age of an object using radioactive decay rates.

ANSWER: radiometric dating or radioactive dating [accept uranium-lead dating until “chlorine” is read]

2. The Battle of Halmyros led to the conquest of the “Duchy of” this city by the Catalan Company, which worked for the Kingdom of Aragon. Venetian forces destroyed the roof of a certain landmark in this city while that building was being used as an ammunition dump by the Ottomans. Many artifacts from this city were stolen by Lord Elgin. In antiquity, this city suffered a plague due to its Long Walls connecting it to the port city of Piraeus. Themistocles built its renowned fleet, which was nonetheless defeated by the forces of Sparta. For 10 points, name this city whose “golden age” saw it led by Pericles.

ANSWER: Athens

3. This man is tied with Stan Musial for a record 24 All-Star Game appearances, holds the major league record for putouts, and hit his first major league home run off of Warren Spahn. Later in his career, he played for the New York Mets and became the oldest man ever to play in a World Series. This player, Barry Bonds’ godfather, won MVP awards in 1954 and 1965, and was the first National League player to steal 30 bases and hit 30 home runs in one season. He may be best known for a play in the 1954 World Series, “The Catch.” For 10 points, name this outfielder nicknamed “The Say Hey Kid” who starred with the New York and San Francisco Giants.

ANSWER: Willie Mays

4. This author describes “feet upon the moonlit dust / [Pursuing] the ceaseless way” in one poem, while another claims “the verse you make, / it gives a chap the bellyache.” This author of “White in the Moon the Long Road Lies” describes a King of Pontus taking small doses of poison in the line “Mithridates, he died old.” The speaker claims that “malt does more than Milton can / To justify God’s ways to man” in his poem “Terence, This is Stupid Stuff.” For 10 points, name this author of “To An Athlete Dying Young” and the collection A Shropshire Lad.

ANSWER: Alfred Edward Housman

5. These substances have a compressibility factor of 1, and each of their particles has an average kinetic energy of “three-halves k T.” The Sackur-Tetrode equation gives the entropy of a monatomic one of these substances, which undergo completely elastic collisions and have no intermolecular attractions between particles. Two additional parameters allow the Van der Waals equation to more closely model real systems than these substances’ namesake equation, which is a combination of Gay-Lussac’s, Charles’, and Boyle’s laws. For 10 points, name these hypothetical substances whose namesake law states that “P V equals n R T.”

ANSWER: ideal gases [accept ideal gas law]

6. According to Plutarch, this man once met Alexander the Great at Taxila, and this ruler assassinated two Greek satraps after defeating the last Nanda king at Pataliputra and conquering Magadha. His conquests extended west as far as modern-day Balochistan, and this man’s mentor Chanakya is often called the Indian Machiavelli. A ruler of the same name founded a later empire that controlled much of India in the 4th century CE. His grandson conquered Kalinga and then converted to Buddhism. For 10 points, name this grandfather of Ashoka and founder of the Mauryan Empire.

ANSWER: Chandragupta Maurya [accept Sandrocottus or Androcottus]

7. Although not Demeter, this deity attempted burn away the mortality of a son of Queen Astarte and is often depicted wearing a throne-shaped headdress. By creating a snake to bite Ra, this deity learned his secret name. She used her magic to create a golden phallus for her deceased husband. With the help of her sister Nephthys, she revived her husband by finding and reassembling his chopped-up pieces. She gave birth on the Nile River delta to her son, who would later battle Set. For 10 points, name this Egyptian goddess, the mother of Horus and wife of Osiris.

ANSWER: Isis [accept and give mad props for Aset]

8. A half-Chinese character in this work convinces one character to feed a dog poisoned meat. Under the pretense of holding Bible study sessions, Henry Washington meets with several prostitutes in this novel. This novel, interspersed with Dick-and-Jane stories, also sees Junior throw Geraldine’s beloved cat against the radiator and blame the protagonist for its death. A Shirley Temple mug with the title feature is adored by a character who is raped by her father Cholly. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Claudia Macteer about Pecola Breedlove’s wish to be white, by Toni Morrison.

ANSWER: The Bluest Eye

9. This artist painted a woman in a black dress with a white bow from the back in a work subtitled The Andalusian, and Thomas Carlyle commissioned one work after seeing a largely monochromatic piece of his. Another work of his in the Anglo-Japanese style is The Peacock Room. He sued John Ruskin for libel, and rose to prominence with The White Girl. A curtain and a framed picture surround the seated subject in his most famous work. He is known for his maritime “nocturnes” and other musically-titled works such as Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket. For 10 points, name this American artist of Arrangement in Grey and Black.

ANSWER: James Abbot McNeill Whistler

10. Instead of partaking in the central practice of this observance, the sick and elderly must donate food to the poor. Observers must begin their days with the oath, or niyyah, otherwise their actions are seen as invalid. During this religious period, the point when the angel Gabriel began to recite scripture is marked by the Night of Power. It involves practicing sawm before the consumption of dates begins iftar, the evening meal. A group prayer is performed after the new moon is sighted, marking the end of this period on Eid al-Fitr. For 10 points, name this ninth Islamic month which involves daily fasting.

ANSWER: Ramadan

11. One part of this process can be cyclic or non-cyclic, and its “Z-scheme” makes use of iron-sulfur proteins, P680 and P700 reaction centers, and plastoquinones. One molecule used in this process consists of pyrrole units surrounding a magnesium ion. Some species perform one part of this process via the C4 or CAM pathways, and RuBisCO catalyzes the Calvin cycle, also known as the “dark” part of this process. Water and carbon dioxide are converted into oxygen and sugars in this process using chlorophyll. For 10 points, name this process in plants that harnesses energy from sunlight.

ANSWER: photosynthesis [prompt on “light-dependent reactions” until “C4” is read]

12. One character in this film leaves another upon seeing a snow globe. One character’s political career ends after his wife and his opponent discover his affair with a woman who later attempts suicide after being forced into a singing career. In this film, the reporter Jerry Thompson attempts to interview the title character’s second wife, the alcoholic Susan Alexander. The title character grew up with Walter Parks Thatcher, and his last word refers to his childhood sled. For 10 points, name this 1941 film starring Orson Welles, in which the title character’s last word is “Rosebud.”

ANSWER: Citizen Kane

13. This man executed Robert Ambrister and Alexander Arbuthnot, two British citizens. In spite of John Ross’ opposition, John Ridge and Elias Boudinot accepted this leader’s policies in the Treaty of New Echota. Chemical exposure from paint may have led Richard Lawrence to fire two pistols, both of which failed, at this man. He was passed up for power in the Corrupt Bargain of 1824 and feuded with Nicholas Biddle over the Second Bank of the United States. For 10 points, name this Democratic president and winner at the Battle of New Orleans, nicknamed “Old Hickory.”

ANSWER: Andrew Jackson

14. This city is home to the Maracana Stadium, and its Pedra da Gavea monolith and Corcovado mountain are contained in the world’s largest urban forest, the Tijuca. Babilonia, Complexo do Alemão (“com-PLE-shu du a-le-MAN”), and Cidade de Deus are among this city’s favelas. This city lies across from Niteroi and Sao Goncalo (“san gon-SA-lu”), and its Guanabara Bay is dominated by Sugarloaf Mountain. This so-called “Marvelous City” has some renowned beaches include Ipanema and Copacabana, and it is set to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. For 10 points, name this Brazilian city, whose bay is dominated by a statue of Christ the Redeemer.

ANSWER: Rio de Janeiro

15. This author wrote about Thaddeus Paz, who conceals his true love for Clementine from her husband, the Count Adam Laginski, by feigning a secret romance with Malaga in his The Secret Mistress. Raphaël de Valentin dies while with Pauline in a work by this author, who wrote about Hortense Hulot’s marriage to Wenceslas Steinbock, annoying the title character Bette Fischer. A recurring character who appears in his The Wild Ass’s Skin is named Eugene de Rastignac. The author of Cousin Bette, for 10 points, name this French author of La Comédie Humaine.

ANSWER: Honoré de Balzac

16. One section of this work describes how the working poor have a mental torpor that make them incapable of “rational conversation,” “tender sentiment,” or “just judgment.” The third section of this work describes the state of agriculture in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, shortly after explaining the “natural progress of opulence.” Its fourth section describes the motivations behind establishing colonies, and its opening discussion of the division of labor uses the example of a pin factory. This work presents arguments against mercantilism and introduces the concept of the “invisible hand.” For 10 points, name this work by Adam Smith.

ANSWER: The Wealth of Nations

17. One opera by this composer contains the four Sea Interludes, and tells of the title fisherman's alleged murder of his apprentice, who is replaced with John. Another work by this composer features a positive organ and a boys’ choir separated from the main chorus and orchestra. That work, set to both traditional Latin liturgical texts and Wilfred Owen poems, is the War Requiem. This composer of Peter Grimes wrote an orchestral piece based on a theme by Henry Purcell featuring variations for every instrument. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

ANSWER: Benjamin Britten

18. Early on, this monarch sat on a throne with a hole made such that his regent could overhear his conversations with nobles and feed him responses, though he would later depose that regent in a power struggle, and disband the streltsy. Bellinghausen named an Antarctic island after this ruler after he founded his country’s navy. After the failure of his Grand Embassy in gaining support to fight the Ottomans, he would incite the Great Northern War and win at Poltava against Sweden. For 10 points, identify this Westernizing Russian tsar who founded a city later known as Leningrad.

ANSWER: Peter I [accept Peter the Great]

19. A work by this author sees a basket of charcoal taken hostage after a private peace is established. In another play, one dog accuses another of stealing Sicilian cheese, and one character tries to cure his father of an addiction to the law courts. This author wrote about the sausage-seller Agoracritus and about Strepsiades, who enrolls his son in The Thinkery. This author wrote a play where the title woman protests the Peloponnesian War by withholding sex and another where the title animals chant “Brekekekex-koax-koax.” For 10 points, name this Athenian playwright of Lysistrata, The Clouds, and The Frogs.

ANSWER: Aristophanes

20. One expression of this law includes lambda and mu, the Lamé parameters. The compliance tensor appears in its 3-dimensional generalization, formulated by Cauchy. The constant parameter appearing in this law can be approximated using the bulk modulus and Young’s modulus. The integral of this equation with respect to displacement gives an expression for elastic potential energy, and it is only applicable up to the elastic limit. It states that the restoring force is proportional to the displacement, or “F equals negative k x.” For 10 points, name this law describing the behavior of springs.

ANSWER: Hooke’s law

TB. This city saw the worst race rioting of the Red Summer of 1919, and it saw the Days of Rage protest targeted at its Gold Coast neighborhood and organized by the Weathermen. An early settlement here was destroyed by the Potawatomi, and was called Fort Dearborn. Edward Morris and Gustavus Swift operated in this city’s Union Stock Yards, and one protest here led to the execution of August Spies and was allegedly interrupted by a “bomb-throwing anarchist.” For 10 points, name this city that was the site of the Haymarket riot and Al Capone’s St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, the largest city in Illinois.

ANSWER: Chicago, Illinois

Round 03 – Bonuses

1. This author penned the lines “Drink to me only with thine eyes” in his poem “To Celia.” For 10 points each:

[10] Name this English playwright, the author of The Alchemist and a play where Voltore, Corbaccio and Corvino all scheme for the wealth of the title character who feigns death, Volpone.

ANSWER: Ben Jonson

[10] This play by Ben Jonson is set at the title summer festival and sees Winwife marry Grace and Quarlous marry Dame Purecraft, a widow pursued by the wacky Puritan Zeal-of-the-Land-Busy.

ANSWER: Bartholomew Fair

[10] This title “fairy king” appears in a masque by Ben Jonson with a set designed by Inigo Jones and featured two polar bears at its premiere. Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream also features this character prominently as the husband of Titania.

ANSWER: Oberon

2. This book contains the text of the Magnificat hymn. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Synoptic Gospel that shares much of its content with that of Mark, and which is the third of the canonical gospels. It also contains the story of the Good Samaritan.

ANSWER: Gospel According to Luke [accept Gospel of Luke]

[10] The Gospel of Luke contains this statement, that one should do unto others what he would have others do unto him.

ANSWER: the golden rule

[10] Biblical scholars believe that the Book of Luke shares its authorship with this book, which begins with the Ascension and covers events like the Pentecost and the liberation of St. Peter.

ANSWER: The Acts of the Apostles

3. This council attempted to mediate between the Teutonic Knights and Jogaila and Vytautas of Poland and Lithuania, respectively. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this council that elected Pope Martin V, ending the Western Schism and the Avignon Papacy. It also ordered theologian Jan Hus burned at the stake.

ANSWER: Council of Constance

[10] Jan Hus hailed from what is now this country, which was led by Vaclav Havel after the Velvet Revolution. It also experienced the Prague Spring.

ANSWER: Czech Republic

[10] This political assembly called for the arrest of another Church reformer, Martin Luther, and Charles V called it after Leo X had issued the bull Exsurge Domine to show errors in Luther’s 95 Theses.

ANSWER: Diet of Worms

4. They may exist in singlet, doublet, or triplet states. For 10 points each:

[10] Name these highly reactive chemical species with one or more unpaired electrons.

ANSWER: free radicals

[10] In a reaction involving free radicals, a compound with this functional group may serve as a radical initiator. It consists of two oxygen atoms single-bonded to each other, each with an oxidation state of -1.

ANSWER: peroxides

[10] One reaction making use of free radicals adds an atom of one of these elements to an alkane. These elements are found in group 17 of the periodic table and include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

ANSWER: halogens

5. Name some works of the Spanish Baroque court painter of King Philip IV, for 10 points each:

[10] In this painting, the artist depicted himself wearing a cross of St. Sebastian while at work on a large canvas on the left. The title subjects surround the Infanta Margarita in the foreground.

ANSWER: Las Meninas [or The Maids of Honor]

[10] Name this painter of Las Meninas, who also painted Mars Resting and executed portraits of Juan de Pareja and Pope Innocent X.

ANSWER: Diego Velazquez

[10] This Velazquez painting shows the title merchant handing a glass to a young man, while a slightly older man stands with another glass in the background. Two large jugs in its foreground contain a certain liquid.

ANSWER: The Waterseller of Seville [or El aguador de Sevilla]

6. The protagonist is profoundly affected when he witnesses a woman jumping off a bridge. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this novel about Jean Baptiste-Clamence, a Parisian lawyer with a tarnished reputation. It is structured in a series of monologues to a stranger in an Amsterdam bar.

ANSWER: The Fall [or La Chute]

[10] The author of The Fall also wrote this novel where Mersault has no feelings over his mother’s death, and eventually shoots an Arab on the beach.

ANSWER: The Stranger [or L’Etranger]

[10] The title disease affects the inhabitants of Oran in this author’s novel The Plague. This French-Algerian also wrote the novels The Fall and The Stranger.

ANSWER: Albert Camus

7. Answer the following about statistics, for 10 points each:

[10] This measure of central tendency is the sum of the data values divided by the number of values. It may describe a sample or a population, and is distinguished from analogous geometric and harmonic measures.

ANSWER: arithmetic mean or arithmetic average

[10] This parameter may be calculated as the mean of the square of the values, minus the square of the mean of the values. Denoted by “sigma squared,” it measures the spread of a distribution.

ANSWER: variance

[10] The variance is the second of these parameters, the expected values of the powers of a variable’s distance from the mean. The third is skewness and the fourth is kurtosis, but higher ones are rarely used.

ANSWER: central moments or moments about the mean

8. It was led by William B. Ide and lasted for 26 days. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this unofficial government that captured Sutter’s Fort and the general Mariano Vallejo.

ANSWER: Bear Flag Republic

[10] The Bear Flag Republic would be annexed by the United States after the Mexican-American War and later become this “Golden” state.

ANSWER: California

[10] This general annexed the Bear Flag Republic and was known as the “Pathfinder” during the Mexican-American War, later becoming the first Presidential candidate of the Republican Party.

ANSWER: John Charles Frémont

9. So you wanna be a master of Pokémon? Then name some. For 10 points each:

[10] This Pokémon, number 150, comes earlier in the Pokédex than the Pokémon it was supposedly a clone of.

ANSWER: Mewtwo

[10] This Pokémon was originally going to be the mascot of the series, but that role was ultimately taken by Pikachu. It evolves using a Moon Stone into Clefable.

ANSWER: Clefairy

[10] This Pokémon is perhaps best known for the blackface scandal involving it, and has been drawn with purple skin ever since.

ANSWER: Jynx

10. This man thought that cucumbers were bitter, for some reason. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Roman emperor who wrote a series of Meditations to himself, advocating the removal of superfluous things from one’s life and the maintenance of good morals.

ANSWER: Marcus Aurelius

[10] The Meditations are a major work in this school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium. It advocated against excessive emotion and believed in virtue resulting from the concept apatheia as the only requirement for happiness.

ANSWER: Stoicism

[10] This Roman Stoic thinker may be better known for a number of influential tragedies he wrote. He was ordered to commit suicide for his alleged role in the Pisonian conspiracy, a plot against emperor Nero.

ANSWER: Seneca the Younger

11. Name these works by Richard Wagner, for 10 points each:

[10] This operatic cycle by Wagner includes operas like Das Rheingold and Götterdämmerung as well as Siegfried.

ANSWER: Der Ring des Nibelungen cycle [or The Ring of the Nibelung cycle]

[10] This opera is titled after a German romance story upon which it is based, and it is famous for its Bridal Chorus, a march often played at weddings.

ANSWER: Lohengrin

[10] This opera in three acts is also titled after a German romance story in which one of title characters dies in the other title character’s arms. Its namesake chord appears in its opening phrase as a leitmotif for the first title character.

ANSWER: Tristan und Isolde [or Tristan and Isolde]

12. Name some things about the Man Booker Prize, for 10 points each:

[10] The Man Booker Prize is given to authors from the Commonwealth of Nations, which includes this country. Nadine Gordimer, author of novels about apartheid, like The Conservationist and July’s People, is from this country.

ANSWER: Republic of South Africa

[10] This Japanese-British author won for a novel about the butler Stevens in the service of Lord Darlington, The Remains of the Day. He also wrote Never Let Me Go.

ANSWER: Kazuo Ishiguro

[10] An author with this surname won twice for his novels Trouble and The Siege of Krishnapur, part of his Empire trilogy. An American author with this surname created the Chicago-born Irish-American Studs Lonigan.

ANSWER: Farrell

13. Einstein used these particles to explain the photoelectric effect, and their wavelike nature was studied in the double-slit experiment. For 10 points each:

[10] Name these elementary particles that carry light and electromagnetic radiation.

ANSWER: photons

[10] The only particles known to have no mass are the photon and this particle, the mediator of the strong force. With quarks, they make up an exotic form of QCD matter.

ANSWER: gluons

[10] Photons are represented by wavy lines in these diagrams depicting the interactions of subatomic particles.

ANSWER: Feynman diagrams

14. This cantata cycle is split into 6 sections of 24 songs about fate, spring, drinking, and love. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this cantata based on the collection of medieval poems of the same name and the idea of the Wheel of Fortune, having movements such as “In taberna quando sumus” and “Ave formosissima.”

ANSWER: Carmina Burana [accept Songs of Beuern]

[10] This German composer wrote Carmina Burana in 1937 as part of his trilogy Trionfi and was known in his lifetime for developing a method of music education for children.

ANSWER: Carl Orff

[10] The most famous movement of Carmina Burana begins and ends the cantata. Its lyrics are about fate and its fickleness and is named after this personification of luck in Roman religion.

ANSWER: Fortuna [accept “O Fortuna”]

15. For 10 points each, name some things about conditioning:

[10] The inability to avoid adverse events can result in this feeling of futility. Even if the opportunity to escape is reintroduced, the learner will often still resign themselves.

ANSWER: learned helplessness

[10] In this questionably ethical experiment, Watson and Rayner aversively conditioned a baby to fear rats and other furry things.

ANSWER: Little Albert experiment

[10] The most notable classical conditioning experiment was performed by this Russian psychologist, in which he conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell.

ANSWER: Ivan Pavlov

16. It occurs via addition of nucleotides to the 3-prime end. For 10 points each, answer the following about DNA replication:

[10] This enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds joining two complementary strands, unzipping the DNA and allowing other enzymes to access the nucleotide bases.

ANSWER: helicase

[10] These short pieces of RNA, usually about 20 bases long, anneal to the template strand, allowing DNA polymerase III to bind. Later, they are removed by DNA polymerase I and replaced with DNA.

ANSWER: RNA primers

[10] Because DNA polymerase only operates in one direction, the lagging strand must be replicated in these short segments, which are then joined together by ligase.

ANSWER: Okazaki fragments

17. This country grew during the decline of the Mali Empire and ultimately crushed the Mali during the reign of Sonni Ali. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this empire that occupied much of West Africa in the 16th century.

ANSWER: Songhai Empire

[10] The Songhai Empire collapsed following its defeat at Battle of Tondibi by this North African sultanate. It was later the site of a World War II conference of the Allied Powers in Casablanca.

ANSWER: Morocco [accept Saadi dynasty]

[10] The Songhai capital was this city on the Niger River, which had earlier been conquered by the Mali Empire. The Moroccans conquered this city along with Taghaza and Timbuktu.

ANSWER: Gao

18. In this novel, Lee, Adam, and Samuel Hamilton discuss Cain and Abel. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this novel following the Trask and Hamilton families, in which Cathy Ames sets fire to her family’s home, killing her parents.

ANSWER: East of Eden

[10] East of Eden was written by this author of The Grapes of Wrath and Tortilla Flat, who set many of his works in Salinas Valley, California.

ANSWER: John Ernst Steinbeck

[10] In this Steinbeck novella, the diver Kino finds the title object, which is extraordinarily large but imperfect. Kino is unable to sell it and bad luck befalls him before he throws it into the ocean.

ANSWER: The Pearl

19. Name some things about a mythological garden, for 10 points each:

[10] These nymphs of the evening tended their namesake garden and guarded the immortality-giving apples of a tree belonging to Hera.

ANSWER: the Hesperides

[10] This Titan was condemned to hold up the sky after the Titanomachy. Heracles had him collect golden apples from the Hesperides, then tricked him into taking back his burden.

ANSWER: Atlas

[10] Hercules also slew this hundred-headed dragon that twisted around Hera’s tree. His twitching body still lies there, as seen years later by the Argonauts.

ANSWER: Ladon

20. The Konbaung dynasty of this country was ultimately brought down by a series of wars with Great Britain. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this country led by Thein Sein. It was formerly ruled by the State Peace and Development Council, a military junta that repeatedly imprisoned Aung San Suu Kyi.

ANSWER: Burma [accept Myanmar]

[10] The Konbaung dynasty also repelled invasions by this empire, defeating both the Green Standard Army and the Manchu Bannermen.

ANSWER: Qing Dynasty (“ching”)

[10] Burma often had conflicts with this country’s Ayutthaya kingdom, and was defeated by its king Taksin. This country was the only one in Southeast Asia never colonized by a European power.

ANSWER: Thailand [or Siam]

TB. This work features prominently in the film Amelie. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work depicting a group of the artist’s friends on a balcony along the Seine River. In the bottom left corner, the artist’s future wife plays with a small dog on the central table.

ANSWER: The Luncheon of the Boating Party [accept Le déjeuner des canotiers]

[10] The Luncheon of the Boating Party was painted by this Impressionist artist of Dance at Le Moulin de La Galette.

ANSWER: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

[10] Renoir painted one work with a woman standing on a certain object. That object also titles this Fragonard work in which a man hiding in the bushes peeks up at a woman sitting on it and flinging her shoe off.

ANSWER: The Swing

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