WHAP



WHAP

Chapter 12 Guided Reading

Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath, 1200-1500

1. An advantage of Mongol rule was that

a. it stopped the spread of the plague.

b. it promoted the spread of ideas and movement of people in Eurasia.

c. Mongol warfare resulted in little bloodshed.

d. it was democratic

e. it lasted many centuries.

2. The Mongol leader, the khan

a. had absolute power in decision making.

b. had his decisions ratified by a council.

c. was a figurehead only.

d. had no power to make decisions but retained a veto.

e. deferred to the Mongol Parliament.

3. What was the role of Mongol women in politics?

a. Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management.

b. Women played no role in politics.

c. Only women sat on the council.

d. The word khan means queen, as the ruler was a woman appointed from an elite family.

e. Women chose the location for future military assaults.

4. The religion of the Central Asian nomads was

a. worship of the divine khan.

b. limited to shamanism.

c. a diverse mixture of various religions.

d. atheistic.

e. strict monotheism.

5. The first Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan were in

a. Central Asia, the Middle East, and Russia.

b. Japan and Korea.

c. China.

d. Egypt.

e. Annam.

6. Which of the following was NOT one of the techniques employed by the Mongols to defeat the armies they faced?

a. superior bows and horsemanship

b. flaming arrows and catapults

c. mass slaughter and starvation under siege

d. diplomacy

e. intimidation

7. Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241?

a. The death of the Great Khan

b. The conversion of the Great Khan to Christianity

c. The conversion of the Great Khan to Buddhism

d. The conversion of the Great Khan to Islam

e. The alliance with pope Urban VII

8. The Mongol expansion

a. created a negative stereotype about any foreign traveler.

b. prevented the spread of knowledge between Europe and the Middle East.

c. created a flow of disease via the trade routes.

d. inspired censorship of writing and creativity.

e. brought Islam to Western Europe.

9. The conflict between Il-khan and the Golden Horde originated in

a. economic differences.

b. religious differences.

c. cultural differences.

d. philosophical differences.

e. political differences.

10. In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?

a. Islam

b. Judaism

c. Christianity

d. Buddhism

e. Shinto

11. Which city became Russia’s dominant political center under the Mongols?

a. Moscow

b. Kiev

c. Riazan

d. Novgorod

e. Smolensk

12. Mongol rule of Russia was overthrown by

a. Alexander Nevskii

b. Peter the Great

c. Ivan III

d. the Orthodox Church

e. a coalition of Buddhist Il-khans

13. Mongol armies often consisted of

a. a multinational force with Mongol leaders.

b. ethnic Mongols only.

c. both male and female soldiers.

d. Chinese mercenaries.

e. Uighurs only.

14. Which of the following did the Europeans NOT learn about from the Mongols?

a. porcelain

b. movable type and bronze cannons

c. gunpowder and high temperature metallurgy

d. coal mining and higher mathematics

e. diplomatic passports

15. Why didn’t China, as we think of it today, exist before the Mongols?

a. The Mongols completely destroyed it and rebuilt it.

b. The Mongols reunited China permanently.

c. The Chinese government system was invented by the Mongols.

d. The Mongols brought silk and porcelain production to China.

e. The Mongols built the Great Wall.

16. Much to the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of the

a. farmers.

b. artisans.

c. merchants.

d. nobility.

e. priests.

17. To solve the problem of credit, the Mongols provided

a. no leadership to improve the situation.

b. laws protecting banks and moneylenders.

c. government bonds.

d. tax rebates to the rich.

e. paper money and copper coins.

18. The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all EXCEPT for

a. astronomy and science.

b. mathematics.

c. medical information.

d. engineering

e. Confucianism.

19. In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the

a. Manchu Empire.

b. Yi Kingdom.

c. Ming Empire.

d. Song Empire.

e. Tang Empire.

20. To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor

a. severed relations with the Middle East and & closed borders to foreigners.

b. built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols.

c. changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese.

d. marched all the Mongols to the Korean border.

e. formed close ties with the Manchu instead.

21. The Emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by Mongols called the

a. Imperial House.

b. Forbidden City.

c. Heavenly Gates.

d. Dragon Court.

e. Red Square.

22. The Emperor Yongle restored commercial links with the Middle East by

a. marching the Manchurian armies west to Persia.

b. hiring Mongol horsemen to reopen the Silk Road.

c. exploring maritime connections & encouraging the voyages of Zheng He.

d. organizing conscripted laborers from Jurchen lands to build new roads.

e. joining the Delian League.

23. Zheng He’s primary accomplishments was

a. converting barbarians to Islam.

b. discovering new lands in the East.

c. bringing wealth to China.

d. acquiring Ming tributary states.

e. discovering the Philippines.

24. Why didn’t Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?

a. The emperor feared outside contacts and influence.

b. The peasantry was a strong voting lobby and refused to support it.

c. The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets.

d. The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.

e. The Japanese merchants undercut the market and stole China’s trading partners.

25. The Chinese rigorously censored information to foreigners because they

a. feared the rise of rival political parties

b. feared technological transfer

c. feared a brain drain

d. wanted to protect scientists and inventors before the advent of patents

e. wanted to limit the developments of the economy to within a certain range.

26. The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia,

a. green or ginseng ink

b. teakwood clocks

c. porcelain

d. lightweight cannon

e. wool

27. Which of the following are NOT among the influences that the Mongols had on Korea?

a. They taught the Koreans to sail and build ships.

b. They introduced the cotton as a crop.

c. They shared astronomical observation and mathematics.

d. They shared gunpowder and celestial clocks.

e. They shared Chinese artistic and philosophical styles.

28. What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?

a. The Mongols feared the samurai military prowess.

b. The jungle heat prevented their horses from continuing.

c. A storm prevented them from establishing a base.

d. Mongol tactics were no match for the Japanese military technology.

e. The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Mongol naval base.

29. How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

a. Japanese clans took political control of their regions.

b. Japanese merchants lost huge sums of money in the Mongolian markets.

c. Japanese monks were held hostage.

d. The Japanese military government spent a lot of time building coastal defenses.

e. Japan reinstated direct imperial rule.

30. Kamikaze means

a. suicide.

b. Triumphant death.

c. Wind of the gods.

d. Honorable death.

e. Wisdom of the gods.

Short Response Questions

1. On his deathbed, Genghis Khan reportedly announced, “If you want to retain your possessions and conquer your enemies, you must make your subjects submit willingly and unite your diverse energies to a single end.” Explain how this principle was applied in the expansion of the Mongol Empire.

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2. Describe the changes in technology during the Ming Empire, focusing on agriculture, warfare, and transportation.

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