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Make: Electronics

Learning by Discovery

Charles Platt

with photographs and illustrations by the author

Beijing ? Cambridge ? Farnham ? K?ln ? Sebastopol ? Taipei ? Tokyo

Make: Electronics

by Charles Platt

Copyright ? Helpful Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O'Reilly Media books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (my.). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@.

Editors: Dale Dougherty and Brian Jepson Development Editor: Gareth Branwyn Production Editor: Rachel Monaghan Technical Editor: Andrew "Bunnie" Huang Copyeditor: Nancy Kotary Proofreader: Nancy Reinhardt Indexer: Julie Hawks Cover Designer: Mark Paglietti Interior Designer: Ron Bilodeau Illustrator/Photographer: Charles Platt Cover Photographer: Marc de Vinck

Print History:

December 2009:

First Edition.

The O'Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O'Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ISBN: 978-0-596-15374-8 [TI]

For my dearest Erico

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1. Experiencing Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Shopping List: Experiments 1 Through 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Experiment 1: Taste the Power! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Experiment 2: Let's Abuse a Battery! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Experiment 3: Your First Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Experiment 4: Varying the Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Experiment 5: Let's Make a Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2. Switching Basics and More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Shopping List: Experiments 6 Through 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Experiment 6: Very Simple Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Experiment 7: Relay-Driven LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Experiment 8: A Relay Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Experiment 9: Time and Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Experiment 10: Transistor Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Experiment 11: A Modular Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

3. Getting Somewhat More Serious . . . . . . . . . 95

Shopping List: Experiments 12 Through 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Experiment 12: Joining Two Wires Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Experiment 13: Broil an LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Experiment 14: A Pulsing Glow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Experiment 15: Intrusion Alarm Revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

vii

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