Disinfectants Comparison Chart - Northern Arizona University

[Pages:7]EPA Registered Hard Surface Disinfectants Comparison Chart

Active Ingredient in Institutional Disinfectant Products Product Description

CDC Disinfection Level

Bleach- Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (bleach concentrate)

Phenols

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

? EPA registered chlorine bleach at a 5.25% dilution. (Use only EPA registered products for disinfecting purposes.)

? Intermediate Level Disinfectant

? Ready-to-use. ? Usually an

aerosol product. ? Warning ? not intended for use as an air freshener.

? Some are intermediate some are low level - noted on label.

? Range of products that use "quats" as the active ingredients.

? Low Level Disinfectant

Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (hydrogen peroxide /anionic surfactants)

Botanicals ExampleBenefect ? Thymol

? Hydrogen peroxide in synergy with a blend of commonly used ingredients.

? Plant based products with natural disinfecting characteristics.

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Example PureGreen 24

? Combination of citric acid and a minute amount of silver ions.

? Product Specific ? Low or

Intermediate Level Disinfectant

? Intermediate Level Disinfectant

? Low Level Disinfectant

EPA Toxicity ? Category I

? Category I or ? Category III

Category

II

See Chart

Below

Pre-cleaning Needed

? Surfaces must ? Surfaces must

be pre-cleaned.1

be pre-

? Best practices

cleaned.2

? Product specific. Some products

advise pre-

? Best practices

registered as

cleaning all

advise pre-

one-step

surfaces before

cleaning all

disinfectant

disinfecting.

surfaces before

cleaners.

disinfecting. ? Best practices

advise pre-

cleaning all

surfaces before

disinfecting.

? Category III or IV, product specific.

? Registered as one-step disinfectant cleaners.

? Best practices advise precleaning all surfaces before disinfecting.

? Category IV

? Category IV

? Surfaces must be ? Surfaces must

pre-cleaned

be pre-cleaned

according to label

according to

instructions.

label

? Best practices

instructions.

advise pre-

? Best practices

cleaning all

advise pre-

surfaces before

cleaning all

disinfecting.

surfaces before

disinfecting.

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Active Ingredient in Institutional Disinfectant Products Storage

Effectiveness

Dwell Time

Bleach- Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (bleach concentrate)

Phenols

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (hydrogen peroxide /anionic surfactants)

Botanicals ExampleBenefect ? Thymol

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Example PureGreen 24

? If used for

? Stable in

? Stable in

? Stable in storage. ? Stable in storage. ? Stable in

disinfecting

storage.

storage.

2 year shelf life.

2 year shelf life.

storage. No

purposes,

? Flammable if

expiration date

bleach should not be stored

in aerosol form.4

required.

longer than 3

months. When

mixed with

water the

solution is only

effective as a

disinfectant for 24 hours.3

? Effective

? Read product ? Generally

? Effective against ? Effective against ? Effective

against most

label for

effective against

a broad spectrum

a broad spectrum

against a broad

bacteria and

effectiveness

a broad

of microbes

of microbes

spectrum of

some viruses

against

spectrum of

including H1N1

including H1N1

microbes

and is registered

specific

microbes

(Influenza A),

(Influenza A). TB

including

as effective

microbes.

including

norovirus and

and MRSA.

MRSA,

against HIV,

MRSA and

MRSA.

? Read product

norovirus and

HBV, H1N1

H1N1

? Read product

label.

H1N1

(Influenza A),

(Influenza A),

label for specific

(Influenza A).

MRSA and TB.5

but typically not proven effective

claims including TB.

? Read product label.

? See notes below

against spores.

? Read product

label for

effectiveness

against TB.

? 5-10 minute

? Generally 10 ? Generally 10 ? 1 - 10 minute

? 10 minute dwell ? 30 second to

dwell time.

minute dwell

minute dwell

dwell time.

time.

10 minute

? (Read the label

time.

time.

? (Read the label ? (Read the label

dwell time.

for specific

? (Read the label ? (Read the label

for specific

for specific

? (Read the label

2

Active Ingredient in Institutional Disinfectant Products

Bleach- Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (bleach concentrate)

recommended dwell times.)

Phenols

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

for specific recommended dwell times.)

for specific recommended dwell times.)

Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (hydrogen peroxide /anionic surfactants)

Botanicals ExampleBenefect ? Thymol

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Example PureGreen 24

recommended dwell times.)

recommended dwell times.)

for specific recommended dwell times.)

Health Effects ? Mixing with

? Phenols are

? Can cause

ammonia,

recognized

contact

ammonium

carcinogens

dermatitis and

quaternary compounds and

(CA Prop. 65), suspected

nasal irritation.12

other acidic

cardiovascular,

Ammonium

products can

developmental

quaternary

create poisonous gas.6

neurological, reproductive,

compounds including

? Corrosive to

respiratory,

benzalkonium

eyes and skin,

skin and sense

chloride,

and a

respiratory irritant.7

organ toxicant.9

? Corrosive to

dodecyldimenthylbenzyl

? Suspected cardiovascular,

eyes and skin.10

ammonium chloride and

gastrointestinal ? Absorbed

lauryl dimethyl

or liver, kidney,

through the

benzyl

central nervous system,

skin and by inhalation.11

ammonium chloride are

respiratory, and

respiratory

skin or sense organ toxicant.8

sensitizers, and

are associated with asthma.13

? Some products ? No warning or ? No warning or

using this

first aid

first aid state-

technology have

statements are

ments are

been third-party

required on the

required on the

certified by

material safety

label.

EcoLogo to meet

data sheet.

environmental ? The botanical oils

and human

in the product are

health criteria.

either F.D.A

(EPA does not

(Food and Drug

allow eco labels

Administration)

on disinfectants.)

approved as Food

Additives or on

the United States

G.R.A.S.

(Generally

Recognized as

Safe) list.

? Third-party

certified by

EcoLogo to meet

environmental

and human health

criteria. (EPA

does not allow

eco labels on

disinfectants.)

Exposure

? Personal

? Requires

? Requires

? No special

? No special

? No special

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Active Ingredient in Institutional Disinfectant Products Controls

Bleach- Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (bleach concentrate)

Phenols

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

protection

personal

personal

equipment

protection

protection

and/or increased

equipment and

equipment and

ventilation should be

increased ventilation.15

proper ventilation.

used.14

? See notes

? See notes

? See notes

below.

below.

below.

Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (hydrogen peroxide /anionic surfactants)

Botanicals ExampleBenefect ? Thymol

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Example PureGreen 24

requirements. ? Regular

ventilation is adequate. ? See notes below.

requirements. ? Regular

ventilation is adequate. ? See notes below.

requirements. ? Regular

ventilation is adequate. ? See notes below.

Environ-

? Toxic to aquatic ? Toxic to

mental Issues Pros and

organisms.16

aquatic organisms.17

Cons

? Considered a

persistent bio

accumulative

toxin by EPA.18

? Disposal

restrictions in

some states.

Check state

and local

regulations.

? Very toxic to ? Some products ? Third-party

? Listed on the

aquatic life.19

using this

certified by

Grassroots

Also see

technology have

EcoLogo to meet

Environmental

Material Safety

been third-party

environmental

Education's

Data Sheet.

certified by

and human health

ChildSafe

? Associated with

EcoLogo to meet

criteria. (EPA

Products List.

antimicrobial resistance.20

environmental and human

does not allow eco labels on

See

health criteria.

disinfectants.)

childsafeschool

(EPA does not

.org/pdf/CSGre

allow eco labels

v308.pdf for

on disinfectants.)

inclusion

criteria.

Additional Disadvantages

? May damage ? Not for use on ? Thorough

? Rinsing is

? Not yet widely ? Not yet widely

floor finishes,

food or food

rinsing required.

required where

available through

available

carpets, clothing

utensils.23

See product

direct skin or

vendors, may

through

and other fibers ? May damage

label for

oral contact can

need to be

vendors, may

when used in

floor finishes

specifics.

occur (children's

ordered.

need to be

higher

and other

toys).

? Strong odour.

ordered.

concentrations.

surfaces.

? Has an

? Caution: Do

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Active Ingredient in Institutional Disinfectant Products

Bleach- Sodium Hypochlorite 5.25% (bleach concentrate)

Phenols

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

unpleasant odor.

not use around

? Must be stored

babies and

separately from ammonia and

small children.24

flammable products.21

? Generally leaves a

? Rinsing is

residue so

required in

rinsing is

applications

required.

where direct

skin or oral

contact can

occur

(children's toys).22

Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (hydrogen peroxide /anionic surfactants)

Botanicals ExampleBenefect ? Thymol

Silver Dihydrogen Citrate Example PureGreen 24

Advantages

? Inexpensive. ? ? Easy to

purchase. ? The same product

can be used for routine and special event tasks, by changing the concentration.

Readily available.

? Readily available.

? Readily

? Non-corrosive. ? No rinsing

available.

? No rinsing or

required.

? Non-corrosive in

wiping required. ? Non-

diluted form.

? Approved by the

corrosive.

? No rinsing

Canadian Food ? Odourless.

required except

Inspection

? EPA registered

as above.

Agency for use in

for use on toys.

? Some products

Food Processing. ? 24 hour

are odourless. ? Suitable for use

residual

on children's

protection.

toys.

*Notes: 1. Pre-Cleaning - Except for disinfectant cleaners that are tested to disinfect in the presence of 5% of organic matter, all other disinfectants require pre-cleaning. Best practices recommend cleaning first and then disinfecting for optimal efficiency.

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2. Dwell Time ? is product specific. All disinfectants are tested and labeled for the specific amount of time they must be in contact with the surface to kill the microbes. The times listed here are approximate only.

3. Personal Protective Equipment - may be required for the concentrated form of some products, but not for the Ready to Use (pre-diluted form). Check the label and the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

4. pH. pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a product is. Look for products with a neutral pH of 7 or as close to this number as possible. 5. Information is from material safety data sheets, Scorecard at , Pesticide Action Network's Pesticide

Database and product information sheets. 6. Costs - When comparing costs, life cycle costs must be considered. Although a product may be less expensive to buy, its negative impact on

surface materials may require replacing hard surfaces more frequently, may increase worker's compensation claims and may cause environmental damage.

CDC Definition of 3 Levels of Disinfection - means the use of a chemical procedure that eliminates virtually all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g., bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects:

1. High-level disinfection - kills all organisms, except high levels of bacterial spores, and is effected with a chemical germicide cleared for marketing as a sterilant by FDA. Typically not used for generalized disinfecting.

2. Intermediate-level disinfection - kills mycobacterium, most viruses, and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a "tuberculocide" by EPA.

3. Low-level disinfection - kills some viruses and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a hospital disinfectant by the EPA.

EPA Toxicity Categories Require These Warnings:

Signal Word DANGER, POISON (skull and crossbones) WARNING CAUTION CAUTION 1 Based on a 150-pound person.

Category

Oral Lethal Dose

I Highly toxic

A few drops to a teaspoonful

II Moderately toxic Over a teaspoonful to one ounce

III Slightly toxic

Over one ounce to one pint

IV Relatively non-toxic Over one pint to one pound

1 A. Culver, M. Feinberg et.al. Cleaning for Health Products and Practices for a Safer Indoor Environment. 2002. INFORM Inc. .

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2 See specific product information sheet. 3 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Environmental Health and Safety Office Saf-T-Gram. Letter from the Clorox Company. . 4 Material Safety Data Sheet. . 5 EPA, Selected EPA Registered Disinfectants. . 6 Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2007). Medical Management Guidelines for Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite. . 7 Clorox Bleach Material Safety Data Sheet . Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2007). Medical Management Guidelines for Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite. . 8 Scorecard, Chemical Profiles. . 9 Scorecard, Chemical Profiles. . 10 Material Safety Data Sheets. 11 Material Safety Data Sheets. 12 Guidelines for Protecting the Safety and Health of Health Care Workers. . 13 AOEC List of Asthmagens. . 14 Guidelines for Protecting the Safety and Health of Health Care Workers. . 15 Guidelines for Protecting the Safety and Health of Health Care Workers. 16 Brite Bleach Material Safety Data Sheet. . 17 NIOSH International Chemical Safety Card. Phenol- . 18 Ohio EPA Pollution Prevention Fact Sheet. . 19 Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database. . 20 R.Ventullo, R. Larson (1986) Adaptation of Aquatic Microbial Communities to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 51, No. 2: 356-361. Feb 1986. . G. Sundheim , S. Langsrud, E. Heir and A. L. Holck. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. Volume 41, Issues 3-4, 1998, Pages 235-239. 37ce9cecad2519433. 21 Brite Bleach Material Safety Data Sheet. . 22 Chlorox Health Center: SARS. Cleaning & Sanitation in Daycare Facilities, Schools and Universities. .

23 L. Crawford, Z.Yu, E. Keegan, T. Yu. Infection Control Today. A Comparison of Commonly Used Surface Disinfectants. .

24 Ohio EPA Pollution Prevention Fact Sheet. .

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