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Chapter 16—Health and AgingMULTIPLE CHOICE1.There are significant differences in the health of the various racial groups in the U.S. Which of the following groups has the best health profile?a.African Americansb.White Americansc.Hispanic Americansd.Asian Americanse.Native AmericansANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual2.Female physicians spend _____ time with their patients compared to male physicians.a.about the sameb.slightly less c.slightly more d.much more e.much less ANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual3.What country has the most advanced healthcare resources in the world?a.Franceb.Englandc.United Statesd.Germanye.ItalyANS:CREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual4.Illness involves the body and affects an individual’s:a.self-image.b.behavior.c.social relationships.d.all of the abovee.none of the aboveANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Conceptual5.Which of the following is a component of the sick role, according to Parsons?a.The sick person is not held responsible for his or her condition.b.The sick person must cooperate with the advice of designated experts.c.The sick person is excused from normal responsibilities.d.The sick person must want to get better.e.all of the aboveANS:EREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Conceptual6.Parson's theory of sick role is:a.doctor-centered.b.patient-centered.c.society-centered.d.mystic-centered.e.culturally-centered.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Factual7.Darryl catches a particularly virulent case of the flu and is temporarily very sick. Also likely to be affected by the illness is Darryl's:a.relationship with others.b.self-image.c.behavior.d.all of the abovee.none of the aboveANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Applied8.The American healthcare system has been described as:a.curative, acute, and hospital-based.b.acute, terminal, and patient-centered.c.hospital-based, patient-centered, and achievement-oriented.d.socialist, terminal, and hospital-based.e.patient-centered, bureaucratic, and subsidized.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual9.Critics maintain that the U.S. health insurance system:a.does not use enough of the latest technology.b.pays off only when the patient can afford to pay.c.does not pay for often much-needed X-rays.d.fails to provide prescription coverage.e.is destined for socialist reform.ANS:BREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual10.Medical-care workers in America include:a.some of the highest and lowest paid employees.b.the highest paid employees, with union representatives and high union membership.c.the lowest paid employees, with physicians as the higher-paid union employees.d.only EMT staff, clerical staff, administrators, and non-professional lines.e.only administrators, non-professional staff, and clerical and support staff.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual11.What has led to the numerical and proportional growth of older populations around the world?a.decreased fertility ratesb.improvements in nutritionc.reductions in infant mortality ratesd.improvements in educatione.all of the aboveANS:EREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual12.Medical and healthcare issues are intertwined with our:a.political views.b.religious affiliation.c.educational attainment.d.social and cultural life.e.financial stability.ANS:DREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual13.In the hierarchy of medical care workers, which of the following is characteristic?a.There are a small number of highly paid physicians and administrators at the top.b.Physicians and administrators invest as owners in most healthcare services.c.As one moves toward the bottom of the hierarchy of medical workers, there are increasing numbers of much lower-paid workers, but they often invest in healthcare industries.d.Physicians own most hospitals and employ everyone.ernment and public hospital workers get higher benefits and pay.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual14.Third-party payments are:a.those payments made through public or private insurance or charitable organizations.b.a system of national health insurance not supported by either the Democrats or the Republicans.c.healthcare payments made exclusively by the federal government.d.payments made by healthcare consumers to their insurance companies.e.payments made by state and local governmental agencies.ANS:AREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual15.Blue Cross and Blue Shield were originally developed to ensure that:a.everyone had access to affordable healthcare.b.only competent healthcare professionals provided health services.c.physicians and hospitals got paid.d.socialized medicine would one day be possible.e.employers could provide healthcare to their workers.ANS:CREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual16.The United States is the only leading industrial nation that does not have:a.a centrally-planned healthcare delivery system.ernmental programs to help the poor pay for medical costs.c.general medical practitioners.d.for-profit commercial insurance companies.e.well-developed systems of care for different types of illness.ANS:AREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual17.From a health standpoint, the major problem with the fee-for-service system of healthcare is that:a.doctors' fees are too high.b.doctors are not interested in their patients.c.doctors waste too much time trying to collect their fees.d.people are required to pay the doctor's fee before receiving any health services.e.there is uneven geographic distribution of doctors and an overabundance of specialists.ANS:EREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual18.One significant criticism made of the U.S. healthcare system is that:a.it focuses primarily on preventive care.b.its level of medical technology is out-of-date.c.doctors aren't paid enough.d.there are no private healthcare insurance companies. e.it emphasizes cure rather than prevention.ANS:EREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual19.Nearly _____ of people living with HIV/AIDS is male.a.5%b.75%c.20%d.25%e.50%ANS:BREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual20.In 2007, about what percent of all students admitted to medical schools in the United States were women?a.12%b.15.5%c.26%d.48.5%e.60%ANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual21.Why do female physicians earn less than male physicians?a.The average female physician works fewer hours.b.The average female physician is younger and less experienced.c.The average female physician is less likely to be in private practice.d.The average female physician works in lower-paying specialties.e.all of the aboveANS:EREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual22.Which of the following accurately states the difference between how men and women handle emotional disturbance?a.Men tend to act out through destructive or antisocial acts; women tend to internalize their problems.b.Women tend to act out through destructive or antisocial acts; men tend to internalize their problems.c.Men do not react to emotional disturbance; women engage in self-destructive behaviors.d.There is no discernible difference in how men and women handle emotional disturbance.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual23.What is the outcome of most birth disorders which are tested for today?a.They can be corrected.b.The question raised is “How can we fix it?”c.The question raised is “Should this pregnancy continue?"”d.The question raised is “How can we care for the special newborn?”e.Nothing can be done once the disorder is diagnosed.ANS:CREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Factual24.Which of the following is a reason why men have a lower life expectancy than women?a.Men are more likely to die from cancer related to their testicles.b.Men are more likely to use and abuse alcohol, suffer accidents, and engage in dangerous habits or activities.c.Men have lower rates of fatal accidents.d.Men are usually too poor and too proud to ask for help.e.Surveys show that men hate doctors.ANS:BREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual25.Which of the following correctly states the relationship between the gender and mortality rates during the newborn stage?a.The male rate is just slightly lower than the female rate.b.The female rate is about the same as the male rate.c.The male rate is more than ten times the female rate.d.The male rate is about 130% greater than the female rate.e.The female rate is more than twice the male rate.ANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual26.Which of the following groups has the lowest life expectancy?a.White malesb.African American malesc.White femalesd.African American femalese.The rates are the same for all of these groups.ANS:BREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual27.Which of the following groups has the best health profile?a.Asian Americansb.Native Americansc.African Americansd.White Americanse.Hispanic AmericansANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:pared to white infants, the incidence of low birth weights among African American infants is:a.equal to that of white infants.b.about a third higher.c.more than twice as high.d.four times higher.e.ten times higher.ANS:CREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual29.For the last decade, which group experienced "the immigrant advantage" as it relates to good group health characteristics?a.African American menb.African American womenc.White American womend.White American mene.Asian AmericansANS:EREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:pared with a white male, an African American male has a greater chance of dying from:a.cancer.b.homicide or AIDs.c.Alzheimer’s.d.suicide.e.accidental prescription overdose.ANS:BREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual31.What is the most accurate reason the poor have higher death rates?a.Their geographic location and age distribution causes disadvantages.b.Underweight adults cannot resist infectious disease.c.They are more likely to smoke and have less access to medical care.d.They live farther away from good hospitals.e.Exposure to industrial pollution before the age of 5 weakens the immune system.ANS:CREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual32.The biggest difference in causes of death for Native Americans is that their:a.suicide rates are the highest of any group.b.homicide rates are the highest of any group.c.rate of AIDS infection is the highest of any group.d.genetically-based diseases include blood disorders.e.groups have few deaths from infectious disease.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:pared to Anglo Americans, Hispanics have lower rates of death from:a.AIDS.b.influenza.c.heart disease.d.acute illness.e.arterial disease.ANS:CREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual34.Which one of the following groups has the lowest incidence of cancer deaths in the United States?a.Hispanic Americansb.White Americansc.Asian Americansd.Native AmericansANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual35.Which one of the following groups has the highest incidence of diabetes in the U. S.?a.Hispanic Americansb.Native Americansc.Asian Americansd.White AmericansANS:BREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual36.John Running Deer is a Native American. He is more likely than someone in the general U.S. population to suffer from:a.kidney disease.b.hepatitis.c.alcoholismd.all of the abovee.none of the aboveANS:DREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual37.What is the best way to characterize the healthcare that the poor receive?a.inferiorb.superior because of government insurancec.the same as care for wealthy peopled.inferior only for the elderly poore.about the same as for the average AmericanANS:AREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Conceptual38.The Bureau of the Census estimates that by 2050, approximately what percent of the American population will be aged 85 or over?a.18%b.25%c.38%d.48%e.58%ANS:BREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual39.The virus that causes AIDS is known as:a.hepatitis C.b.human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).c.AIDS-generating virus (AGV).d.influenza-B2e.automatic infectious disease (AIDS).ANS:BREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual40.The HIV virus:a.incapacitates the immune system.b.infects two types of white blood cells.c.damages the central nervous system.d.all of the abovee.none of the aboveANS:AREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual41.The vast majority of those infected with HIV are:a.young adults who do not know they are infected.b.young adults who know they are infected.c.an unspecified age group who use drugs.d.an unspecified age group who have received blood transfusions.e.older adults drug users.ANS:AREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual42.About 46% of the U.S. AIDS cases are found in which group?a.intravenous drug usersb.young adults unaware of their infectionc.homosexual or bisexual malesd.female prostitutese.persons suffering from hemophiliaANS:CREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual43.In the economic arena, population aging will affect:a.economic growth.b.savings.c.investment and consumption.d.labor markets.e.all of the aboveANS:EREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual44.Which of the following is true regarding the marital status of older men and women in the U.S.?a.Seventy percent of women over age 75 are widows.b.Less than 20% of men over age 75 are widowers.c.Men are more likely to outlive their spouses than vice versa.d.both a and ce.both a and bANS:EREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual45.Which statement best characterizes the relationship between age and wealth in the U.S.?a.The elderly are among the wealthiest and poorest in our nation.b.Overall, the elderly are among the poorest in our nation.c.There is no association between age and wealth; therefore older Americans tend to be similar to the other age groups in the nation.d.The elderly are as wealthy as people in their twenties.e.The elderly are as wealthy as people in their thirties.ANS:AREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual46.To date, population aging has been a major issue in:a.Asia, Europe, and North America.b.Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe.c.North America alone.d.Latin America, Africa, and South Asia.e.South Asia, Central Africa, and Central America.ANS:AREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual47.Losing weight as a move to improve one's health would be regarded as what type of intervention?a.structuralb.behavioralc.medicald.environmentale.none of the aboveANS:BREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Conceptual48.Making vaccinations more widely available is an example of what type of intervention?a.structuralb.behavioralc.medicald.environmentale.none of the aboveANS:CREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Conceptual49.When the legislatures construct new laws stipulating controls connected with healthcare, we would call it _____ intervention.a.structuralb.behavioralc.medicald.environmentale.none of the aboveANS:AREF:Contemporary HealthcareOBJ:16.4MSC:Conceptual50.Not having adequate food nutrition or heating contributes most directly to:a.disease and shorter lives for the poor.b.higher government spending.c.adjustments in the welfare and healthcare systems to include more social classes.d.higher mortality for elderly women than for men.e.hard choices to pay for healthcare and not purchase new goods and services.ANS:AREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:ConceptualTRUE/FALSE1.In the United States, the American Medical Association is the leading proponent of a national healthcare plan.ANS:FREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual2.Race, class, and gender issues affect how an illness is perceived and treated.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual3.On average, patients report greater overall satisfaction after seeing a female doctor than seeing a male doctor.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual4.AIDS is a specific group of diseases, not a singular disease in and of itself.ANS:TREF:Contemporary Health IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual5.According to Parsons, a sick person is obligated to seek medical care and cooperate with the advice of the designated experts, notably the physician.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Conceptual6.In the United States, Asian Americans have the best health profile.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual7.Female doctors are concentrated in lower-paying medical specialties.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual8.The sick role encourages ill people to avoid medical experts if at all possible.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Conceptual9.The United States has the most advanced healthcare resources in the world.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual10.The American healthcare system is organized around preventing disease.ANS:FREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Conceptual11.The life expectancy for black female babies and white male babies is about equal.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual12.Some have suggested that women may not be sick more often but may just be more sensitive to bodily discomforts and more willing to report them to a doctor.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual13.Upward social mobility among medical care workers is common.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual14.The benefits of a college education include higher income and richer intellectual health.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual15.The American Medical Association (AMA) has been a strong proponent of a national health insurance program for the entire United States.ANS:FREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual16.The American healthcare system is not organized around preventing illness.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual17.Unlike its connection with other life chances, social class has not been shown to influence longevity.ANS:FREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual18.Women suffer from illness and disability more frequently than men.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual19.In general, males have a longer life expectancy than females.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual20.Although men have gained years in their life expectancy, women still have made greater increases in their life expectancy relative to men.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual21.Without serious healthcare reform, the United States could spend 20% of its gross national product on healthcare.ANS:TREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual22.Being overweight or obese is correlated with educational levels.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual23.Because women suffer from illness and disability more frequently, women's death rates are higher than men's.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual24.Coronary heart disease is not a leading cause of death for women at any age.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual25.With a control set for experience, the salary differences between female and male physicians disappear.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual26.Native Americans have suicide rates 20% higher than the general population.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual27.Poverty contributes to a shorter life expectancy both directly and indirectly.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual28.While men have shorter life expectancies, women appear to be sick more often.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual29.Influenza, alcoholism, and pneumonia are related to living in impoverished conditions.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual30.Studies of life expectancy show that social class influences longevity on every measure.ANS:TREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual31.AIDS was actually first identified in 1941; however, the Surgeon General of the United States issued an order preventing non-military doctors from learning about the disease.ANS:FREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual32.Native Americans have the lowest cancer rates in the United States.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual33.Recent research has provided evidence that HIV can be transmitted by casual contact.ANS:FREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual34.Females have higher mortality rates than males in every age group, and in most nations.ANS:FREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual35.Death rates are higher for individuals without a high school diploma.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.4MSC:Factual36.Increasing longevity in the United States raises the dilemma of how to pay for care.ANS:TREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Conceptual37.The United States Congress is likely to legalize assisted suicide in response to increases in the number of elderly.ANS:FREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual38.The higher your level of education, the less likely you are to smoke.ANS:TREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Conceptual39.The high rate of cesarean sections in the United States is related to treating birth as a medical problem.ANS:TREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.4MSC:Conceptual40.Seventy percent of men over 75 are widowers.ANS:FREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:pare white and minority healthcare demographics and health. What kinds of inequalities are evident in healthcare patterns? Where would you place yourself and your future in the discussion of demographic factors and health?ANS:Not ProvidedREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.3MSC:Factual | Conceptual | Applied2.Present an overview of the situation of health insurance in the United States. Discuss public and private insurance programs. Who is entitled to each? What are their similarities and differences? Be sure to include a discussion of the issues connected with a national health insurance program. Who are the players in favor of such a program and which players are against one? Present and explain your own position on the issue.ANS:Not ProvidedREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Factual | Conceptual | Applied3.List each component of the sick role. Apply your own explain to social interactions in which you or the other person fulfilled—or failed to fulfill—the sick role. Be sure to include and discuss the four components of the sick role as developed by Parsons.ANS:Not ProvidedREF:The Experience of IllnessOBJ:16.1MSC:Applied4.Outline and discuss the basic characteristics of the U.S. healthcare system. How is this system different from others? What are the major attempts to address current issues?ANS:Not ProvidedREF:Contemporary Healthcare IssuesOBJ:16.2MSC:Conceptual5.Discuss aging and marital status. What effect does marital status have on older Americans? What are the differences for men and women? Explain.ANS:Not ProvidedREF:The Aging PopulationOBJ:16.5MSC:Factual | Conceptual ................
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