Name Date Period COLD WAR Map Europe 1945-1949

[Pages:4]N a m e _________________________________D a t e _________________P e r i o d __________

COLD WAR Map Europe 1945-1949

Europe at the end of World War II 1. Yalta, February 1945: It became clear that the Allies would win the war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met

with Joseph Stalin (USSR) and Winston Churchill (Great Britain) to discuss the Europe after the war, especially Germany. The leaders divided Germany into four quarters to be occupied by American, French, British, and Soviet forces. Stalin agreed to allow elections in Poland, which was occupied by Soviet forces. On your map of Europe, please locate the following countries:

a.Germany: West Germany (the combined quarters of USA, France, and England), color blue b. Color the Soviet Union and Poland red. The division of Europe 2. The Soviet Union gained control over parts of Eastern Europe that Germany had captured during the war. On your map of Europe, locate the following countries and color them red: a. Albania and Bulgaria. Occupied by USSR in 1944, communist-controlled by 1948. b. Czechoslovakia. Communist-controlled by 1948. c. Hungary and Romania. Communist-controlled by 1947. d. East Germany. Occupied by Soviet Union after war, communist government established 1949. e. Color the countries sandwiched in between these border countries and the Soviet Union.

As the Soviet Union established satellite nations, the United States gained allies among Western European nations. In 1949, the U.S. joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to oppose Soviet power in Europe. On your map of Europe, locate the following countries and color them blue:

a. Great Britain d. Norway g. Turkey k. Portugal

b. France e. Belgium j. Denmark i. Netherlands

c. West Germany f. Italy h. Greece

Truman Doctrine (March 12, 1947)

This excerpted speech, given by President Harry Truman before a joint session of Congress, outlined the president's plans for economic aid to Greece and Turkey.

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting at- tempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures...

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes...

It is necessary only to glance at a map to realize that the survival and integrity of the Greek nation are of grave importance in a much wider situation. If Greece should fall under the control of an armed minority, the effect upon its neighbor, Turkey, would be immediate and serious. Confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East.

Moreover, the disappearance of Greece as an independent state would have a profound effect upon those countries in Europe whose peoples are struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their independence while they repair the damages of war.

1. Find Greece and Turkey on your map. 2. Given the world political situation in 1947, who do you think are the "armed minorities" and "outside pressures"

who are trying to take over Greece and Turkey? _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. According to this excerpt, what kind of aid does Truman plan to give to Greece and Turkey? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Looking at the final two paragraphs, what does Truman say will happen in Europe and the Middle East if the United States does not help Greece and Turkey? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Truman's foreign policy has often been described as the "domino theory." Here's the concept: if dominoes are stacked one slightly behind the other, a slight push on one will knock down all of the pieces in a row. Why do you think it has been described in this way? _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Were Truman's plans in Greece and Turkey military goals, national security goals, political goals, or economic goals? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

N a m e _________________________________D a t e _________________P e r i o d __________

COLD WAR Map Europe 1945-1949

Europe at the end of World War II 1. Yalta, February 1945: It became clear that the Allies would win the war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met

with Joseph Stalin (USSR) and Winston Churchill (Great Britain) to discuss the Europe after the war, especially Germany. The leaders divided Germany into four quarters to be occupied by American, French, British, and Soviet forces. Stalin agreed to allow elections in Poland, which was occupied by Soviet forces. On your map of Europe, please locate the following countries:

a.Germany: West Germany (the combined quarters of USA, France, and England), color blue b. Color the Soviet Union and Poland red. The division of Europe 2. The Soviet Union gained control over parts of Eastern Europe that Germany had captured during the war. On your map of Europe, locate the following countries and color them red: a. Albania and Bulgaria. Occupied by USSR in 1944, communist-controlled by 1948. b. Czechoslovakia. Communist-controlled by 1948. c. Hungary and Romania. Communist-controlled by 1947. d. East Germany. Occupied by Soviet Union after war, communist government established 1949. e. Color the countries sandwiched in between these border countries and the Soviet Union.

KEY

As the Soviet Union established satellite nations, the United States gained allies among Western European nations. In 1949, the U.S. joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to oppose Soviet power in Europe. On your map of Europe, locate the following countries and color them blue:

a. Great Britain d. Norway g. Turkey k. Portugal

b. France e. Belgium j. Denmark i. Netherlands

c. West Germany f. Italy h. Greece

Truman Doctrine (March 12, 1947)

This excerpted speech, given by President Harry Truman before a joint session of Congress, outlined the president's plans for economic aid to Greece and Turkey.

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting at- tempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures...

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes...

It is necessary only to glance at a map to realize that the survival and integrity of the Greek nation are of grave importance in a much wider situation. If Greece should fall under the control of an armed minority, the effect upon its neighbor, Turkey, would be immediate and serious. Confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East.

Moreover, the disappearance of Greece as an independent state would have a profound effect upon those countries in Europe whose peoples are struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their independence while they repair the damages of war.

1. Find Greece and Turkey on your map. 2. Given the world political situation in 1947, who do you think are the "armed minorities" and "outside pressures"

who are trying to take over Greece and Turkey? _____________________________________________________________ ___C__o_m__m__u_n__is__t_r_e_b_e__ls_,__b_a_c__k_e_d__b_y__t_h_e__U__S_S__R__tr_y__in_g__t_o__t_a_k_e__o_v__e_r_G__r_e_e_c__e_a__n_d__T_u__rk__e_y________________________

3. According to this excerpt, what kind of aid does Truman plan to give to Greece and Turkey? ___"_E__c_o_n__o_m__i_c__a_n_d__F_i_n_a__n_c_i_a_l_A__id__"_a__k_a__M_o__n_e_y__t_o__p_r_o_v__id__e_a__s__ta_b__le__e__c_o_n_o__m__y__a_n_d__j_o_b_s_______________________

4. Looking at the final two paragraphs, what does Truman say will happen in Europe and the Middle East if the United States does not help Greece and Turkey? ____________________________________________________________ ___T_u__r_k_e_y__a_n__d_t_h__e_M__i_d_d__le__E_a__s_t_w__o_u__ld__e_x__p_e_r_i_e_n_c_e__c__h_a_o_s__, _a_n_d__c__o_u_l_d__p_o__s_s_i_b_l_y_b__e__ta__k_e_n__o_v__e_r_b__y_s__im__i_la__r_r_e_b_els ___E__u_r_o_p__e_,_w__h_o__i_s__in__t_h_e__p_r_o__c_e_s_s__o_f__r_e_b_u__il_d_i_n_g__i_ts__e_lf_,_m__a__y_f_e_e__l _s_e_v_e__r_e_ly__t_h_r_e_a__te__n_e_d__b_y__c_o__m__m__u_n_i_s_t__fo__r_c_e_s_, ___w__h_i_c_h__i_n__tu__r_n__h_i_n_d_e_r__t_h_e__p_r_o_c__e_s_s__o_f__re__b_u_i_l_d_i_n_g_._________________________________________________________

5. Truman's foreign policy has often been described as the "domino theory." Here's the concept: if dominoes are stacked one slightly behind the other, a slight push on one will knock down all of the pieces in a row. Why do you think it has been described in this way? _______________D_o__m__in__o_t_h__e_o_r_y__s_a_y__s_t_h_a__t_i_f_o_n__e_c__o_u_n__tr_y__o_r__r_e_g_i_o_n__w__a_s ___t_a_k_e__n__o_v_e_r__b_y___c_o_m__m__u__n_is__m__, _t_h_e_n__t_h_e__s_u__rr_o__u_n_d__in__g__c_o_u__n_t_ri_e_s__w__o_u__ld__f_o_l_lo__w_._____________________________

6. Were Truman's plans in Greece and Turkey military goals, national security goals, political goals, or economic goals? ___A__l_l_T_h__re__e__- _E_c__o_n_o__m__ic__-_t_o__h_e__lp__G__r_e_e_c_e__b__e_c_o_m__e__e_c__o_n_o__m__ic_a__ll_y__s_o_u__n_d_.____________________________ ___________P_o_l_i_ti_c_a_l__- _A_n__e__c_o_n_o__m__ic__a_ll_y__h_e_a__lt_h_y__G__r_e_e_c_e__w__o_u__ld__n__o_t_l_o_o__k_t_o__c_o__m__m__u_n_i_s_m___a_s__a_n__a_n_s__w_e__r_t_o__t_h_e_ir ___p__r_o_b_l_e_m__s_._N__a_t_i_o_n_a_l__S_e_c__u_r_it_y__-_O__n_e__l_e_s_s__C__o_m__m__u_n__is__t _c_o_u__n_t_r_y__w_a_s__s__e_e_n__a_s__o_n__e__le_s__s_t_h_r_e__a_t_t_o__n_a_t_i_o_n_a__l __ ___s__e_c_u_r_i_t_y_. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

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