Tossups



Tossups

1. It was recited to Ronald Reagan’s character in the 1942 film King’s Row and it was quoted by Timothy McVeigh shortly before his execution.* It is the source of two very common phrases, “I am the master of my fate” and “my head is bloody, but unbowed”, which are seen as hyperbolic versions of the stereotypically British “stiff upper lip”. FTP, what is this poem by William Ernest Henley, the title of which is Latin for unconquered.

ANSWER: Invictus

2. Seqenenra Tao II initiated hostilities with them, but the war began in earnest under his son, Wadjkhepera Kamose, the last ruler of his dynasty.* Aawoserra Apophis was forced to withdraw to the north, but Kamose did not attack again and his war was not resumed until many years later by Ahmose of the 18th Dynasty. Ahmose managed to expel them from the country and eventually led a campaign following them into southern Palestine. FTP, name this people which invaded Egypt during the 13th Dynasty and which introduced the composite bow and horse-drawn war chariots there.

ANSWER: Hyksos or Heka Khasewet

3. Some sources suggest that he was the father of Odysseus by Antiklia, before she married Laertes.* As the husband of Merope, he was the father of Glaukus and he established the Isthmian games after finding Melikertes’ body washed up on shore. He is said to have held Thanatos prisoner until the latter was freed by Ares, and he managed to win his way out of the underworld by telling his wife not to observe proper rituals for his funeral, though he was brought back by Hermes. FTP, who is this Greek mythological character who, either for murdering travelers or for revealing the gods’ plans to mortals, must forever roll a huge boulder up a hill, only to see it roll back down before he reaches the top?

ANSWER: Sisyphos

4. They are often associated with light precipitation and the formation of stratus clouds and are often formed around low pressure systems, especially as those systems become increasingly weaker.* They are known as Trowals and are depicted on weather maps as lines with closely placed cold and warm markers pointing in the direction of travel. FTP, what are these weather fronts which form when a quick-moving cold front forces its way beneath a slow-moving warm front, pushing it aloft?

ANSWER: Occluded Front

5. Among the earliest were the Tuka Movement of Fiji, which began in 1885, the Taro Movement in Northern Papua and the Vailala Madness described by the anthropologist F.E. Williams.* They were most widespread in the Pacific islands during and after WWII, because of the abundance of war matériel. When Allied forces moved on, the islanders no longer had access to these items and sought to reacquire them through emulating the behavior of the white men with whom the items came. FTP, what term is applied to these religious movements, which often resulted in the construction of airstrips and associated equipment out of coconuts or other indigenous materials to reacquire the goods they sought?

ANSWER: Cargo Cults

6. He witnessed a great deal of the Great Purge first hand and served on the first American diplomatic delegation to the USSR under William Bullitt, before becoming the head of the Policy Planning Staff of the Department of State.* It was as head that he anonymously published an article in the journal Foreign Affairs, under the name “X”, but when it was learned who had authored it, it was viewed as official policy. FTP, name this American diplomat, one of the key architects of the Marshall Plan and author of the so-called “long telegram”, which outlined the strategy of containment.

ANSWER: George Frost Kennan

7. The title character is accompanied by several minor-deities, including Lethe, or Oblivion, Kolakia, or Flattery, Philautia, or Self-love, and Komos, or Intemperance, and he is himself the son of Inebriation and Ignorance. The original Latin title has a double meaning, suggesting Sir Thomas More, to whom the book was dedicated. The title character praises madness and self-deception before making a satirical examination of pious superstition and practice in the Catholic Church. FTP, name this work by Erasmus, one of the most influential texts of the Reformation.

ANSWER: In Praise of Folly or Moriae Encomium or Lof der Zotheid

8. Three women and a child sit off to the right, two in the shadows and two leaning against one another in the light. The women all appear to be in mourning, but the child looks on obliviously at the main action.* Three men stand to the left and a fourth stands in the center, but only his face is unobstructed. He looks slightly upward and appears resolute as the other three men salute him. The man in the center is holding three swords, which are intended for the other men. FTP, this describes what painting by Jacques-Louis David, which became a symbol of the French Revolution?

ANSWER: The Oath of the Horatii or Le Serment des Horaces

9. The title is a reference both to the supposed “Sophomore Slump”, resulting from the reuse of ideas or material which made the debut popular, unique, or interesting. It is also a reference to a critic’s review of their first album. This album also marked the beginning of the band’s collaboration with Brian Eno,* who produced and played on the album. While it was significantly more successful than their debut, Talking Heads: 77, this album did not break the band into the mainstream. FTP, name this Talking Heads album, which featured a hit cover of Al Green’s “Take Me to the River”.

ANSWER: More Songs About Buildings and Food

10. Always depicted in full armor, representing the heaviness of his responsibility, he was always admired because he appeared to be humble and reassuring. His following, however, became mostly limited to the south after he killed Mystra at the Celestial Staircase. He is an ally of Torm the True, patron god of paladins, and is himself worshipped by paladins and guards. FTP, name this Forgotten Realms deity, known as the Vigilant One, the Great Guard, and the Watcher.

ANSWER: Helm

11. In its first game, on December 19, 1959, Clemson defeated Texas Christian 23-7, and the game was played at the same stadium from 1959 until 1967.* During that first stint at Rice Stadium, the game twice played host to the University of Tulsa’s potent passing attack of the first half of the 1960s. It moved to the Astrodome beginning in 1968 and every game was played there, except for the 1985 Air Force victory over Texas. FTP, name this now defunct bowl, the last game of which was played in 1987, featuring Texas and Pittsburg.

ANSWER: Bluebonnet Bowl

12. He was built, along with other Guardians, by the Quintessons, who used these large robots to defend their cities against revolts. However, when the Constructicons destroyed Crystal City, he joined the Autobots to exact revenge. Apart from this desire for vengeance, he shows little emotion and limits his speech only to what is absolutely necessary. It is believed that his face is protected by a shield, because it was the only weak point on the Guardians and he is much taller than even the gestalts. FTP, name this Autobot, the third largest only after Metroplex and Fortress Maximus.

ANSWER: Omega Supreme

13. Its name is Japanese, translating approximately as “Ship named small forest”. In a Star Trek: Voyager episode, Learning Curve,* Tuvok designs a scenario which replaces it with a Ferengi freighter. The cadet has two choices, either to render assistance to a ship which has crossed the Organian Neutral Zone, or to leave the crew to die. FTP, what is this ship, which is the namesake for a no-win test taken by Lieutenant Saavik at the beginning of Star Trek 2: The Wrath of Kahn and which Kirk managed to save after he reprogrammed the computer simulation, earning a commendation?

ANSWER: Kobayashi Maru

14. They have recently received a great deal of money through the sponsorship of Chelsea owner and Sibneft CEO, Roman Abramovich.* The club was particularly strong in the late 1940s and early 1950s, winning the Soviet championship 5 times and the Soviet Cup 4 times in that period. One of several Russian Premier League teams to make their homes in Moscow, they share Dynamo Stadium with FC Dynamo Moscow. FTP, name this team which won the 2005 UEFA Cup, defeating Sporting Lisbon in Portugal 3-1.

ANSWER: PFC CSKA Moscow or Central Sports Club of Moscow’s Army

15. It was originally filmed in the hopes of turning a profit once it was released in the United States, however, technicians working for Thomas Edison secretly made copies and distributed it, causing the original filmmaker to go broke.* The name of the original filmmaker, Georges Méliès, is also the name of a ship which appears in the Smashing Pumpkins’ music video for the song “Tonight, Tonight”, which is an homage to this early movie. FTP, name this film, one of the first science-fiction movies, which was based on a story by Jules Verne.

ANSWER: A Trip to the Moon or Le Voyage dans la lune

16. A version performed by Carly Simon featured the altered lines “Every cent/ Katie spent” in lieu of the obscure term “sou”, which was originally used.* It was originally penned in 1908 by Jack Norworth as he was riding the subway. The score was written by Albert Von Tilzer, though neither he nor Norworth had ever seen the title event. FTP, name this song, whose chorus is often thought to be the third-most played song in the US, behind “The Star Spangled Banner” and “Happy Birthday”.

ANSWER: “Take Me Out to the Ball Game”

Overtime Tossups

O1. No matter what, ¼ will remain in either the top third or the bottom third, and thus, will never be eliminated, and the same is true of 28/81.* The set is uncountable, yet it has Lebesgue measure zero and it is nowhere dense. It is a fractal, because its capacity dimension, ln(2)/ln(3) is larger than its topological dimension, 0, and because it is self-similar. FTP, identify this set of real numbers lying between 0 and 1 and which is formed by removing the middle third between the intervals ad infinitum?

ANSWER: Cantor Set

O2. Its creator claims that it refutes the idea that the system illustrates human understanding, because the operator himself does not have understanding. Also, because its creator believes there is no understanding on the part of the operator, there is not understanding with regards to input or output, rejecting another important claim about the Turing Test. FTP, name this object of an argument and thought experiment created by John Searle to refute some of the claims of Strong AI.

ANSWER: Chinese Room

O3. They were typically 4 by 6 inches with black printing on cheap white paper and often the artists and writers were uncredited.* The artwork is usually very crude and features many celebrities, political figures, and even famous cartoon characters, such as Wimpy. FTP, what are these small underground, pornographic comics, which peaked in popularity during the Great Depression and in the early years of World War II?

ANSWER: Tijuana Bible or Eight-Pagers

O4. When it was released in a number of countries, including the UK and Germany, the pedestrians were replaced with zombies or robots so as to make killing them more socially acceptable to the public,* but so-called “blood patches” appeared almost immediately, to reinstitute the original gory version. It was initially released for the PC in 1997, before eventually appearing on the Playstation, Nintendo 64, and Game Boy Color. FTP, what is this video game, whose tagline was “The Racing Game for the Chemically Imbalanced” and which has had two sequels, Carpocalypse Now and TDR2000?

ANSWER: Carmaggedon

Boni

1. French history in the 16th Century was marked by religious conflict between the Catholics on one side and the Huguenots and other Protestant groups, on the other. F10PE, identify the following decrees issued by the French government in response to these divisions.

A. After Catherine’s abortive first attempt at peace, she managed to negotiate a truce which issued this decree. The decree, which was agreed upon by both Louis I de Bourbon and Anne, First Duke of Montmorency, was issued in 1563 and reestablished the limited provisions of Catherine’s original edict of toleration.

ANSWER: Edict of Amboise or Peace of Amboise

B. Violence again broke out, however, this time, Catherine and Charles IX sided with the Catholics, while the Huguenots drew support from Protestants in neighboring regions of Germany and Switzerland, resulting in the Third War of Religion. When a peace was brokered, it resulted in this decree, which again promised limited religious freedom for Huguenots.

ANSWER: Edict of Saint-Germain or Peace of Saint-Germain

C. The religious wars in France were effectively ended in 1598 when Henry IV issued this proclamation which, among other things, established 100 places of safety for Huguenots and restored their rights to royal petition and occupation. It was revoked in 1685 and replaced with the Edict of Fontainebleau by Louis XIV.

ANSWER: Edict of Nantes

2. Relics have long been important in Christianity, both for their ability to inspire the devotion of the faithful and for the miraculous powers attributed to them. F10PE, identify the following relics related to Jesus.

A. The theologian Leo Allatius suggested that this relic may have become the rings of Saturn and it has been associated with both Charlemagne, who reportedly received it from an angel, and Henry V of England, who used it to ease the birth of his son. It most recently appeared in Calcata, Italy, where it was paraded through the streets before being stolen.

ANSWER: Holy Prepuce or Holy Foreskin

B. Parts of this relic, one of the “Instruments of the Passion”, are said to still be housed in Aachen, St. Jacques de Compiègne, and, most notably, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. Some say that it was bought by Louis IX from the Latin Emperor, Baldwin II, along with the Crown of Thorns, for the La Sainte-Chapelle.

ANSWER: Holy Sponge

C. An altar containing it was consecrated in 1196 by Bishop Johann I of Trier, and this relic, which it is claimed St. Helena had discovered in the Holy Land, has remained there ever since. It is periodically shown to the public, and was viewed by over 1 million people during its last exhibition in 1996.

ANSWER: Holy Tunic or Seamless Robe of Jesus

3. A supercontinent is defined as a landmass which is comprised of one or more cratons, or continental cores, as well as the accreted terranes. FTSNOP, identify the following supercontinents.

A. 5) Name the most famous supercontinent, which formed in the Paleozoic Era, and broke into the two smaller supercontients, Laurasia and Gondwana, during the Jurassic period.

ANSWER: Pangaea

B. 10) This is the oldest-known supercontinent, forming and breaking up in the Neoproterozoic, and it is believed to have included nearly all of the Earth’s continental crust. Centered around Laurentia, it broke up into 8 continents during the Cryogenian period.

ANSWER: Rodinia

C. 15) Falling between Pangaea and Rodinia, this short-lived supercontinent is believed to have formed when the Congo craton came between Protolaurasia and Protogondwana approximately 600 MYA. Its formation was not particularly stable and after only 60 million years, it had broken up into four continents, Baltica, Gondwana, Laurentia, and Siberia.

ANSWER: Pannotia

4. 5 for 1, 10 for 2, 20 for 3, and 30 for all 4, identify the following things associated with Laomedon, a mythological king of Troy.

A. This son of Laomedon was abducted by Zeus, who fell passionately in love with the boy. In recompense for the abduction, Zeus sent Hermes with 2 divine horses to Laomedon, who was also informed that his son had become the immortal cupbearer of the gods.

ANSWER: Ganymede

B. After they had displeased Zeus, these two Olympians were sent to Troy to serve Laomedon. Laomedon had the two build the walls of the city, promising to reward them greatly. He earned their ire when he reneged on his promise.

ANSWER: Apollo and Poseidon (in either order)

C. As punishment for being tricked, Poseidon sent a monster to attack Troy, but the monster was defeated by this hero, who was accompanied by Oicles and Telamon and who had been promised the horses Zeus had given him. Again, Laomedon reneged on his promise and was killed.

ANSWER: Herakles

D. Laomedon’s son Priam was spared only after he gave Hesione, Laomedon’s daughter, to Telamon. By her, he fathered this Greek, a famed archer who would stand behind the shield of his brother Ajax. When Ajax committed suicide, this boy was disowned by Telamon.

ANSWER: Teucer

5. Identify the following related to Reconstruction F10PE.

A. The first Reconstruction Act, passed in March, 1867, divided ten of the former Confederate states into military districts, but this was the only state not to be a part of the so-called “military reconstruction”, because it had been readmitted to the Union in 1866.

ANSWER: Tennessee

B. In 1872, President Grant signed this act, which effectively pardoned anyone involved with the Confederacy, except for those who held the most senior political and military posts.

ANSWER: Amnesty Act

C. Reconstruction is often said to have ended with the so-called “Compromise of 1877”, which is believed to have resulted in Rutherford Hayes winning the presidency over this Democratic candidate, who had won the popular vote.

ANSWER: Samuel J. Tilden

6. 5 for 1, 10 for 2, 20 for 3, and 30 for all 4, identify the following defense mechanisms.

A. This mechanism occurs when a person refocuses their energy from a negative outlet toward a more positive outlet. One example might be a person who is a poor volleyball player, rather than feeling discouraged and becoming sad or angry, practicing very hard to improve his or her skill.

ANSWER: Sublimation

B. This mechanism occurs when a person feels an emotion which, for whatever reason, is unacceptable, and consequently converts it to its polar opposite. An example might be a married woman who is attracted to another man, and consequently displays a great deal of hostility toward that man.

ANSWER: Reaction Formation

C. This is a mechanism which occurs when a person redirects emotions from a so-called “dangerous” target, toward a “safer” one. An example might be a person, who is angry because he or she received a parking ticket, severely punishing a pet for behavior which is normally tolerated, ignored, or only mildly corrected.

ANSWER: Displacement

D. This mechanism occurs when a person attributes his or her own undesirable emotions or thoughts to others. An example might be a married man who is attracted to another woman consequently feeling that she is attracted to or coming onto him.

ANSWER: Projection

7. Identify the following works by Mary Ann Evans, a.k.a. George Eliot, FTSNOP.

A. 5) Dunsey steals the title character’s gold, but the money is quickly replaced by the arrival of Eppie, the daughter of Molly and Godfrey. After Molly’s death, the title character adopts her and manages to become a part of his community, until Godfrey and his new wife, Nancy, come to claim Eppie. They are rebuffed and Eppie marries Aaron Winthrop.

ANSWER: Silas Marner

B. 15) Initially the title character is attracted to Gwendolen Harleth, but because she does not wish to work, she marries the depraved Henleigh Grandcourt. He then meets Mirah, a singer, who introduces him to the Jewish community. He leaves with her for Palestine, though Gwendolen hoped to marry him after Grandcourt’s death.

ANSWER: Daniel Deronda

C. 10) While away at school, Maggie Tulliver meets Philip Wakem, the son of her father’s enemy. Secretly the two meet, but her brother, Tom, discovers this and forces them to part. Years later, they meet again and plan to marry, but Maggie soon meets Stephen, and becomes disgraced. In the end, she and Tom are killed during a flood.

ANSWER: The Mill on the Floss

8. Military dictatorships have been an unfortunate part of many governments since World War II. F10PE, identify the following dictators from a brief description.

A. He came to power following a bloody 1979 coup, which saw him execute his uncle, Equatorial Guinea’s former president. In 2004, a coup was attempted to remove him from office, but it failed, leaving him to charge many Western governments with complicity. He is currently believed to be suffering from prostate cancer.

ANSWER: Teaodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

B. He was a close associate of former dictator Saw Maung and succeeded him as chief of state, Secretary of Defense, and commander-in-chief. Though he originally appeared more liberal than his predecessor, he has continued to implement political repression, especially against Aung San Suu Kyi, and persecution of Myanmar’s ethnic minorities.

ANSWER: Sr. Gen. Than Shwe

C. Formally an ally of deposed President Ould Taya, he helped the latter with a coup in 1984 and served as his security chief. He lead the coup which deposed Ould Taya in August, 2005, and currently claims that his military government will only remain in power for 2 years, to allow for a return to democracy.

ANSWER: Col. Ely Ould Mohammed Vall

9. Though most people know Peter MacNicol from his role as John “The Biscuit” Cage on Ally McBeal, some of you may remember him from a few of his earlier roles. 5 for 1, 10 for 2, 20 for 3, and 30 for all 4, identify these earlier MacNicol characters from a brief description.

A. MacNicol plays an art historian working on the restoration of a great medieval masterpiece in the 1989 film, The Ghostbusters II. As it turns out, he is actually a lackey of the painting’s subject, Vigo, and wishes to be allowed to marry Dana, the mother of Vigo’s new host-body. In the end, he is slimed, and becomes very affectionate.

ANSWER: Dr. Janosz Poha (accept either)

B. MacNicol portrays this ever-perky councilor at Camp Chippewa in 1993’s Addams Family Values. He causes the Addams children nothing but torment, especially when he tries to force them to act in his play about the first Thanksgiving, but in the end is roasted alive by the “rejects” of the camp, after Wednesday, Joel, and Pugsley lead a revolt.

ANSWER: Gary Granger

C. MacNicol played the young and untested apprentice of Ulrich, who may be the last wizard alive, in the 1981 film Dragonslayer. After his master dies unexpectedly, he must travel to Urland to help the people defeat a dragon, which has been attacking their village.

ANSWER: Galen

D. MacNicol portrayed this young Southerner recently transplanted to New York City to begin his writing career in 1982’s Sophie’s Choice. He serves as the narrator of the film and relates his love for Sophie, her experiences as a non-Jewish Pole at Auschwitz, and her double suicide with her lover, Nathan.

ANSWER: Stingo

10. Identify each of the following supergroups from a list of some of its members’ former bands F5PE. For example, if I said “Stone Temple Pilots, Guns ‘N’ Roses, and Wasted Youth”, the correct answer would be The Velvet Revolver.

A. Phish, The Police, and Primus

ANSWER: Oysterhead

B. The Buggles, Emerson, Lake and Palmer, King Crimson, UK, and Yes

ANSWER: Asia

C. Cream, Family, and Traffic

ANSWER: Blind Faith

D. Faith No More, The Melvins, Mr. Bungle, and Slayer

ANSWER: Fantômas

E. Deep Purple, Iron Butterfly, and The Johnny Winters Band

ANSWER: Captain Beyond

F. Ace, Genesis, and Sad Café

ANSWER: Mike & the Mechanics

11. Identify the following about that classic of British television, The Prisoner, F10PE.

A. Though clues were given in the series suggesting that The Village was located in either Lithuania or Morocco, scenes of The Village were actually shot in this small Welsh resort town. This, of course, may be hinted at in the final episode, when we learn that The Village is within driving distance of London.

ANSWER: Portmeirion, Wales, UK

B. Originally, it was intended to be a mechanical device, not unlike a Dalek, but the original was replaced with a series of white weather balloons. Director Don Chaffey has suggested that its appearance is representative of faceless, suffocating bureaucracy.

ANSWER: Rover

C. It has been suggested that Number 6 was in fact this man, a spy also played by Patrick McGoohan on a series called Danger Man. For years, McGoohan has maintained that this was not Number 6’s real name, while co-creator, George Markstein claimed that it was.

ANSWER: John Drake

12. FTSNOP, identify the following musicians associated with the “outlaw country” movement of the 1960s and 1970s.

A. 5) Though he was a well-known and respected musician before the outlaw movement, he reinvented himself with the genre and the title track from his 1972 album, Ladies Love Outlaws, is considered the movement’s first song. He has had several hits, including “Mamas, Don’t Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys”, a duet with Willie Nelson.

ANSWER: Waylon Jennings

B. 10) They were formed in 1972 by Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Joe Ely, and Butch Hancock, and in 1973 released their first album, More a Legend Than a Band, which was only regarded as a classic after its 1991 reissue. Their second album, Now Again, was not released until 2002. In 2004, New West released Live ’72, featuring them before they were famous.

ANSWER: The Flatlanders

C. 10) His only album, 1973’s Old Five and Dimers Like Me, is considered a classic of the genre, but he is better known for his work as a songwriter, including writing all the songs for Waylon Jennings’ 1973 album, Honky Tonk Heroes.

ANSWER: Billy Joe Shaver

D. 5) Like Jennings, he was also a respected musician before the outlaw movement, but much of his own work during the ‘60s presaged it. Hits by this artist include, “Grandma Harp”, “The Fightin’ Side of Me”, and “Okie from Muskogee”.

ANSWER: Merle Haggard

13. Identify the following legendary basketball coaches from a brief description F10PE.

A. He coached the 1952 US Men’s Olympic team to gold in Helsinki and founded and served as the first president of the National Association of Basketball Coaches. He is known as the “Father of Basketball Coaching”, compiling a 771-223 record in 49 seasons. He led Kansas to the 1952 national championship and KU’s basketball stadium is named for him.

ANSWER: Forrest “Phog” Allen

B. One of “Phog” Allen’s players, he compiled an 879-190 record in 41 seasons, all of which were at Kentucky. He was noted for recruiting heavily in the state, with over 80% of his players being “home grown” and he won 4 national titles. Today, the Wildcats play their games in a stadium named for him.

ANSWER: Adolph Rupp

C. He compiled a record of 719-353 in a 38-year coaching career, which saw him out-coach Roy Williams’ 1992 Kansas team in the NCAA tournament. He is best remembered, however, for starting an all-black line-up in the 1966 NCAA championship game against Rupp’s all-white squad in a game seen now as a turning point in collegiate athletics.

ANSWER: Don “The Bear” Haskins

14. F10PE, identify the following recurring characters from MacGyver.

A. A member of Homicide International Trust, an organization of assassins, his first appearance on the show was his second run-in with MacGyver. Each appearance resulted in what appeared to be his death, but he managed to escape each time. He was played by Michael Des Barres.

ANSWER: Murdoc

B. A woman of great ambition, but limited skill, she met MacGuyver while attempting to smuggle jewels out of Bulgaria. She was also frequently used as a pawn in Murdoc’s plans to kill MacGuyver. This aspiring actress was played by Teri Hatcher.

ANSWER: Penny Parker (accept either)

C. A former operative for the Department of External Services, he recruited MacGyver to join the Phoenix Foundation when he became its Director of Operations. When the actor playing him, Dana Eclar, was diagnosed with glaucoma, this was written into the show.

ANSWER: Pete Thornton (accept either)

15. Coffee is the second most important primary commodity in the world, only behind petroleum, and the US is the largest coffee market. F10PE, show a little bit about your knowledge of coffee, and identify these coffee drinks.

A. This coffee drink was developed at the International Trade Fair in 1957 by representatives of Nestlé. It is made by mixing instant coffee, cold water, and possibly sugar and milk, and then shaking the ingredients.

ANSWER: Frappé

B. It is said that the name of this drink was applied insultingly, but that has gone mostly unnoticed in the United States. It is made by adding hot water to espresso, giving the drink approximately the same amount of caffeine in regular coffee, but with a different flavor.

ANSWER: Americano

C. Coming from the French for a half-cup, this coffee drink is very similar to espresso, but lacks crema, or the golden foam which forms on the top of espresso.

ANSWER: Demitasse

16. Identify the following Nerdcore artists from a brief description F10PE.

A. The self-proclaimed “world’s 579th-greatest rapper”, he is the official rapper for Penny Arcade and his song “Nerdcore Hip Hop” provided the name for the genre. He is often credited as the father of the genre, but on his FAQ, he lists nerdcore artists who predated him, including Deltron 3030 and 2 Skinnee J’s.

ANSWER: MC Frontalot or The Front

B. He has four albums, including Knowing Is Half the Hassle and Life’s a Bitch and I’m Her Pimp, and he has worked with Williams Street Productions, particularly on Sealab 2021 as Hesh and on Aqua Teen Hunger Force as MC Pee Pants

ANSWER: mc chris or Chris Ward

C. He gained notoriety as a hacker when he defaced the website for NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and has done a lot of work with the adult website industry. In collaboration with phlow, he formed the band spamtec and his 2005 album, NerdRap Entertainment System – Which Really Sucks, features beats borrowed from NES games.

ANSWER: YTCracker (pronounced “white cracker”, but accept “whitey cracker”)

Overtime Boni

O1. F10PE, identify the following methods of radiometric dating, none of which are radiocarbon dating, from a brief description.

A. One of the best known isotopic systems used in this form of dating is Rb-Sr, but Sm-Nd and U-Pb are also used. This technique does not require assumptions about the original amount of daughter nuclide and it is used to determine when things, such as metamorphism, crystallization, or shock events, occurred.

ANSWER: Isochron Dating

B. After the radiation dose rate has been determined, the number of “trapped” electrons, which have been excited from the crystal lattice because of ionizing radiation and have accumulated in the conduction band, can be counted by the number of photons released during heating, providing an estimate for its last heating or exposure to sunlight.

ANSWER: Thermoluminescence Dating or TL Dating

C. Related to thermoluminescence dating, this method is used to date soil samples and is particularly useful for wind blown or colluvial deposits, because they were almost certainly exposed to sunlight. Red, blue, and green light are used to produce luminescence, which varies based on the amount of ionizing radiation it was exposed to over time.

ANSWER: Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating or OSL Dating

O2. F10PE, identify the following works by Albert Camus from a brief description.

A. Mersault attends his mother’s funeral, but without any emotions. Later, he befriends Sintes and helps him to get revenge on a former lover. This results in a confrontation with her brother on the beach, which in turn results in Mersault killing the man the next day. During his trial, more is made of his emotional state at the funeral than of his murder.

ANSWER: The Stranger or The Outsider or L’Étranger

B. Daru, a teacher in Algeria, receives a visit from Balducci, who is leading an Arab to prison. After entertaining Balducci, Daru is ordered to escort the prisoner for the rest of the journey. While doing so, he attempts to let the Arab escape, but the Arab refuses. When Daru returns to his schoolhouse, he finds a note vowing revenge from the Arab community.

ANSWER: The Guest or The Host or L’Hôte

C. Oran is struck by an epidemic and slowly officials go about the process of quarantining the port. Throughout the quarantine, several doctors work to alleviate the symptoms, while many of the city’s inhabitants are concerned only with their own personal difficulties.

ANSWER: The Plague or La Pesta

O3. From a brief description, identify the following works which have taken their names from Shakespeare F10PE.

A. This Kate Wilhelm novel takes place in a dystopian future in which, due to environmental changes, which are never elaborated upon, civilization is collapsing. A well-to-do family creates an isolated settlement, which they populate with clones, but the clones rebel against the idea of sexual reproduction and continue cloning, until they become weaker.

ANSWER: Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang

B. This Joe McGinniss true crime narrative tells of the murder by Jeffery MacDonald of his wife and two daughters. Initially McGinniss was working with MacDonald, even living with him during the trial, but as the evidence piled up against MacDonald, McGinniss’ account also turned against MacDonald.

ANSWER: Fatal Vision

C. This Ray Bradbury novel relates the story of Jim Nightshade and William Halloway, who attend a carnival where they meet the sinister Mr. Dark, who has a tattoo on his body for each person who has become a part of his carnival as a result of living out their fantasies.

ANSWER: Something Wicked This Way Comes

O4. Identify the following famous or infamous track and field athletes F10PE.

A. He most recently made headlines in 1999, when it was announced that he had been hired by Muammar al-Qaddafi as a trainer for his son. He also briefly trained Argentine soccer star Diego Maradonna in 1998. This Canadian is most famous, however, for testing positive for steroids after winning the 100m at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul.

ANSWER: Ben Johnson

B. She played basketball at UNC, but lost a spot on the 1996 Olympic team and decided to concentrate on track and field. She won five medals at the 2000 Olympics, three gold and two bronze. She has a son, Tim, Jr., named for his father Tim Montgomery, and like Montgomery is under investigation for steroid use as a result of the BALCO scandal.

ANSWER: Marion Jones

C. He surprised many when he qualified for the 200m final in Sydney in 2000, and shocked the world when he won the gold medal. However, he failed to attend a drug test along with his training partner, Ekaterini Thanou, shortly before the 2004 Games, citing a motorcycle wreck. As a result, he did not compete in front of his home crowd.

ANSWER: Konstantinos Kenteris

Extra Boni

Academic. Identify the following related to the history of the Habsburgs, Europe’s most powerful dynasty, F10PE.

A. Initially the Habsburgs were based out of lands in Switzerland and southeast Germany, before acquiring the Duchy of Austria. Though wrested from Ottokar of Bohemia by Rudolf I, the Habsburgs claimed to be successors of this dynasty which had ruled the country from 1141 to 1246, incorporating much of their history as Habsburg.

ANSWER: Babenberg or Babenberger

B. Impotent, lame, mentally retarded, and physically disfigured, he was the last of the line of the Spanish Habsburgs and his reign saw the further erosion of Spanish power and prestige. He named Phillippe de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, as his successor, and his death prompted the War of Spanish Succession.

ANSWER: Charles II or Carlos Segundo

C. After Maximilian II was left with no male heirs, he issued the Pragmatic Sanction, allowing his daughter, Maria Theresa, to assume the throne. He thought that she would relinquish the power to this man, her husband, who was also a Habsburg cousin and at various times, Duke of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Holy Roman Emperor.

ANSWER: Francis I or Franz I or Francis III Stephen or Francis Stephen

TRASH. Woody Allen, whether you love him or hate him, is one of the most respected comedians and filmmakers of all time. F10PE, identify the following Allen films from a brief description.

A. This 1989 film, starring Allen, Martin Landau, and Mia Farrow, follows the plots of two characters, Cliff, whose marriage is crumbling and who pursues Halley, only to be rejected for his brother-in-law, and Judah, who, after having an affair, has his mistress killed to prevent his wife from finding out. It is considered by many to be Allen’s most mature film.

ANSWER: Crimes and Misdemeanors

B. Starring Danny Aiello, Mia Farrow, and Jeff Daniels, this film sees a character, Tom, in a movie break the fourth wall, where he meets Cecillia, with whom he has fallen in love. When the movie’s producer finds out, Gil, the actor playing Tom, flies to New Jeresey, where a bizarre love triangle ensues. Cecilia chooses Gil, but he leaves without her.

ANSWER: The Purple Rose of Cairo

D. This 1969 film, the first written by, directed by, and starring Allen, is a mockumentary detailing the life of Virgil Starkwell, a fictional, incompetent thief. Janet Margolin co-stars, playing Virgil’s wife, whom he meets while trying to steal her purse. The film ends with Virgil in prison, but planning another break-out, similar to his first attempt.

ANSWER: Take the Money and Run

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