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Below are some areas to cover while studying. Please make sure that you don’t ONLY use this list when reviewing material. Read through your notes, review discussion questions, go through materials on the Period 7 and Helpful Links pages (docs, powerpoints, video clips), review documents/worksheets that we worked on during this unit, watch review videos, and go into an APUSH review book if you have one. Please let me know if you have any questions!Imperialism: In the late 19th and early 20th century, new US territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific led to heightened public debates over America’s role in the world.What were the motivations/goals of Imperialists? Why did they feel justified in expanded the US beyond its continental borders? Where did the US expand?Economic opportunities, racial theories, competition w/ European empires, the closing of the Western frontier, expansion of culture and American institutions What reasons did anti-imperialists cite to argue that the US should not extend its territory overseas?Principle of self-government, racial theories, US traditions in foreign policy (isolationism)Why is the year 1898 considered a turning point in US history?The Spanish-American WarTreaty of Paris (acquisition of territories)Suppression of nat’list movement in PhilippinesIncreased involvement in AsiaExplain the varying foreign policies of presidents during this time period. In what ways has US foreign policy changed over time? How has it stayed the same?Isolationism, Internationalism/Intervention, Collective Security, ImperialismRoosevelt Corollary, Big Stick Policy, Dollar Diplomacy, Moral Diplomacy, Good Neighbor PolicyProgressivism: In the Progressive Era, reformers responded to political corruption, economic instability, and social concerns by calling for greater government action and other political and social measures.What problems of the Gilded Age did the Progressives attempt to address? Political, economic, social, moral problemsExplain the role of journalists and middle-upper class womenPolitical corruption, social injustice, economic inequalitySocial changes in cities and in immigrant populationsHow successful was the Progressive movement at the national level?Legislation to regulate economy, expand democracy, generate moral reformAmendments: 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Explain the preservationist and conservationist movement. TR vs. John MuirNational Parks, Reclamation Act, . response to overuse of natural resourcesIn what ways were Progressives divided? In what ways did they fail?Segregation, immigration restrictionsExpansion of democracy through popular participation vs. reliance on professional/technical experts for better efficiencyWWI: WWI and its aftermath intensified ongoing debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests.What caused the US to abandon its neutrality and get involved on the side of the Allies? What reasons did people have for justifying US involvement? What was the response from those who opposed?Defense of humanitarian/democratic principles, U-boat attacks, loans/exports to Allies, cultural ties to Allies, Russian Revolution, anti-German propaganda, Zimmerman TelegramCapitalism, war-profiteeringHow did the US help tip the balance of the conflict in favor of the Allies?High morale, fresh troops, increase in numbers, convoy system, mine barrier in N. SeaAmerican Expeditionary Force (Pershing)Why did the US Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations?Fourteen Points, Treaty of VersaillesArticle X (League of Nations), Henry Cabot Lodge, Internationalist/Intervention vs. IsolationismExplain how the US mobilized for war in 1917. In what ways did the US attempt to protection national security during the war?WIB, CPI, Food/Fuel Admin., etc.Espionage & Sedition ActsSchenk v. US upheld SeditionO.W. Holmes- Clear and present danger“FIRE!” in a crowded theaterRed Scare in post-WWIMexican immigrants into the American SWWhat were the push and pull factors that drove the Great Migration? Did African Americans find what they were looking for in Northern cities? Red Summer of 1919 (race riots)1920s: The US continued its transition [from the Gilded Age] from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial economy led by large companies. Popular culture grew in influence in US society, even as debates increased over the effects of culture on public values, morals, and American national identity.What new technologies and manufacturing techniques helped the US focus its economic production on consumer goods? How did this improve standards of living, personal mobility, and communication systems?Ex: Refrigerators, irons, washing machines (electric), radios, assembly line/cars Why did people begin moving to urban centers?New Immigrants, farmers, women, African Americans Economic opportunities How did new forms of mass media contribute to the spread of national culture and an awareness of regional cultures?Newspapers, advertising, radio, movies, sportsHow did migration give rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities?Ex: Harlem Renaissance, jazz, Southern literature, movies (Birth of a Nation)Explain the increased anxiety about radicalism that led to the Red Scare and other attacks on labor activism and immigrant culture. Soviet Union, Palmer Raids, Sacco and Vanzetti Trial, KKK, nativismWhat cultural and political controversies led to debates about gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration? Flappers, birth control, women in the workplace, the “New Morality”, Lost Generation disillusion w/ traditional values/expectations, the Scopes Monkey Trial, race riots, NAACP, Quota Acts (National Origins Act), KKK, nativismThe Great Depression and the New Deal: During the 1930s, policymakers responded to the mass unemployment and social upheavals of the Great Depression by transforming the US into a limited welfare state, redefining the goals and ideas of modern American liberalism.What issues, often seen as evidence of 1920s prosperity, converged to cause the Great Depression?How did FDR’s New Deal expand the government’s power in order to provide relief to the poor, stimulate recovery in the economy, and reform the American economy? How did the Great Depression lead to calls for a stronger financial regulatory system?Vs. Hoover approachFDR inspired by ProgressivesKenyesian economicsAlphabet Soup (New Deal agencies)FDIC/SECExplain how radical, union, and populist movements pushed FDR toward more extensive efforts to change the American economic system. How did conservatives in Congress and on the Supreme Court try to limit the scope of the New Deal?Huey Long & Share Our Wealth, Father Coughlin (far-right, fascism), Dr. Townsend (pension plan), Upton Sinclair/EPIC (in CA), CIOWealth Tax and Social Security, ‘35Schechter v. US- SC overturns NRAUS v. Butler- SC overturns AAAFDR court-packing schemeWhat legacy did the New Deal leave? How did it change voting patterns?Reforms/regulatory agencies continueEx: FDIC, SEC, FHA, Social SecurityDebt, expansion of government power, US as limited welfare state, safety netForced migration of Mexican immigrants and Mexican-AmericansAfrican-Americans, ethnic groups, and working class to the Democratic partyWagner ActWWII: In the years following WWI, the US pursued a unilateral foreign policy that used international investment, peace treaties, and select military intervention to promote a vision of international order, even while maintaining US isolationism. In the 1930s, while many were concerned about the rise of fascism and totalitarianism, most opposed taking military action against the aggression of Nazi Germany and Japan until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drew the US into WWII. US participation in WWII transformed American society, while the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers vaulted the US into a position of global, political, and military leadership.Dollar Diplomacy, Dawes Plan, Washington Naval Conference (4,5,9 Power Treaties), Kellogg-Briand Pact, involvement in Latin American (Nicaragua)Good Neighbor Policy, Pan American Conference, Neutrality Acts (1930s), Stimson DoctrineHow did Americans view the war and how was this perspective reinforced by revelations about Japanese wartime atrocities, Nazi concentration camps, and the Holocaust?War = fight for survival of freedom, democracy vs. aggressive fascist, military ideologiesHow did mass mobilization help end the Great Depression? Production up, employment up, gov. contracts for materials Industrial economy needed to equip/provide for allies, US troopsWhat new opportunities opened up for women and minorities? How did this help improve their socioeconomic position and lead to debates over racial segregation? What challenges to civil liberties emerged during the war?Women (factories, healthcare, military service)- Rosie the RiveterA-A (factories, defense industries, military- Tuskeegee Airmen), NAACP (Smith v. Allwright), March on Washington (A. Phillip Randolph), Executive Order 8802, Double V campaign, Executive Order 9981Hispanics- Bracero program (seasonal farm workers), Zoot-suit riotsNative Americans- (factories, defense, military), Code TalkersExecutive Order 9066/Korematsu v. US- Japanese InternmentHow did the US and its allies achieve military victory?Allied cooperation (US, GB, USSR)Technological/scientific advances“island hopping” and D-DayAtomic bombsMoral?In what ways did the US emerge from the war as the most powerful nation in the world?War ravaged Europe, AsiaUN, UN Security CouncilPermanent move away from isolationism ................
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