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Chapter 10 – Sources and Properties of Light

Section 10.1 – Light Energy and Its Sources (pages 289 – 293)

1. Define light:

2. Copy out Figure 1 on page 289 in the space below. Explain how we can see light.

3. Define luminous:

4. Define nonluminous:

5. State whether each of the following are luminous or nonluminous?

a) a campfire –

b) the Moon –

c) a hot toaster filament –

6. Describe how a flashlight can be both luminous and nonluminous.

7. What are common forms of input energy that can be transformed into light energy?

Section 10.2 – How Light Energy Travels (pages 294 – 295)

1. Define light rays:

2. Define shadow:

3. Do light rays travel in straight lines or curves? What evidence is there to support this fact? How is a light ray represented?

4. Explain how solid objects cast a shadow.

5. What is an umbra? What is a penumbra? How is a penumbra formed (in reference to size of light source)

6. Why can you not see an object when it is behind another object?

7. Think about walking down a street lit by streetlights at night. What happens to your shadow as you get farther away from the light? Why?

8. Suppose you are standing by the side of the road and parallel to it. You know that there are several telephone poles farther along the road, but you can only see the one closest to you. If all the telephone poles are the same distance from the edge of the road, is the road straight or curved? Explain your answer, include a diagram.

9. On a sunny day, when do you think your shadow will be the shortest?

Section 10.3 – Getting in Light’s Way (pages 296 – 298)

1. Describe how light is affected by:

a) a transparent object –

b) a translucent object –

c) an opaque object –

2. Some jellyfish are transparent. How might this affect their ability to survive?

3. Complete the table below. In the second column, classify each material as transparent (TP), opaque (O), or translucent (TL).

|Material |Classification |

| |TP, O, or TL |

|Milk | |

|Wax paper | |

|Aluminum foil | |

|Plastic wrap | |

|Mirror | |

|Smoky air | |

|Thin white paper | |

|Cardboard | |

|Clear Plexiglas (like in hockey rinks) | |

4. Explain how water can be transparent but also opaque.

5. Explain how climate is an important factor in deciding what type of building materials to use when constructing a house.

6. Why does fall and winter clothing usually come in darker colours, while spring and summer clothing usually comes in lighter colours?

Section 10.4 – The Visible Spectrum (pages 299 – 300)

1. Define visible spectrum:

2. What are the spectral colours and in what order do they occur? What abbreviation can you use for these colours?

3. Who discovered that colour is a property of visible light? What did he use to test his theory? How did he show that when colours are combined, they form white light?

4. How does a prism separate light into different colours?

5. How is a rainbow created? Why does this happen?

6. What is “white light”? What colours make up white light?

7. Why does a sweater appear to be red? Include terms “reflect” and “absorb” in your answer.

8. What colours of light are reflected by a white piece of paper? What colours are reflected by a black piece of paper?

Section 10.5 – The Electromagnetic Spectrum (pages 301 – 305)

1. Light energy is a form of what kind of energy?

2. What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

3. Electromagnetic radiation is made up of waves having different ________________ and __________________.

4. A type of starfish uses electromagnetic radiation to warn predators that it does not taste good. Where on the spectrum would you expect to find this type of radiation?

5. Looking at the diagram below, label and describe parts 1-5.

[pic]

1) _______________________________________________________________

2) _______________________________________________________________

3) _______________________________________________________________

4) _______________________________________________________________

5) _______________________________________________________________

6. Define frequency and give its unit:

7. Use the diagram found below to answer the following questions.

[pic]

a) How long is the wavelength of the wave? ____________

b) How large is the amplitude of the wave? ____________

9. Use the diagram found below to answer the following questions.

[pic]

a) Which wave has the smaller amplitude, A or B?

b) Which wave carries more energy, A or B?

10. Use the diagram found below to answer the following questions.

[pic]

a) What is the same for waves X and Y: amplitude, wavelength, or frequency?

b) Which wave has a greater frequency, X or Y?

c) Which wave has a longer wavelength, X or Y?

11. Assuming that the speed of a wave is constant, explain the relationship between wavelength and frequency (refer to the electromagnetic spectrum graph)

12. Place these electromagnetic waves in order from lowest energy to highest energy: blue light, microwaves, X-rays, orange light, infrared radiation.

13. Place these electromagnetic waves in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength: visible light, gamma rays, radio waves, ultraviolet light.

14. List the electromagnetic waves you have experienced in the past year and where or how you have experienced them.

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