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Packet IITossupsIn 2003, Al Harris scored the winning touchdown in overtime for this team after intercepting Matt Hasselbeck, who had said, “we want the ball, and we’re gonna score.” This team lost to the Seahawks in the “Fail Mary” game, but had successful Hail Marys to Jeff Janis and Richard Rodgers in the 2015 season. More recently, this team’s struggles with backup quarterbacks DeShone Kizer and Brett (*) Hundley led to the replacement of coach Mike McCarthy. This team, which won the first two Super Bowls with Bart Starr and Vince Lombardi, plays at Lambeau Field. For 10 points, name this team quarterbacked by Aaron Rodgers.ANSWER: Green Bay Packers [accept either] <AK, Trash>In a cylindrical conductor, the density of this quantity exponentially decreases towards the center due to the skin effect. In electrostatics, the curl of the magnetic field is proportional to the density of this quantity. The voltage across an inductor is proportional to the time derivative of this quantity while the magnetic field of a (*) solenoid is proportional to the permittivity of free space times this quantity. The amount of this quantity entering a circuit junction is equal to the amount leaving it by Kirchoff’s [KIR-koffs] node law. Ohm’s law states that voltage equals resistance times, for 10 points, what quantity measured in Amperes?ANSWER: current [accept current density during the first sentence; do not accept or prompt afterwards] <SLD, Physics>An intense presto con fuoco section ends a G minor work by this composer inspired by the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz. Madame Marie Pleyel is the dedicatee of an E flat major work in 12/8 [twelve eight] by this composer of four ballades. This composer wrote the difficult Fantaisie-Impromptu in C sharp minor, and his second piano sonata includes an oft-excerpted funeral (*) march. A sforzando G seven chord opens a November Uprising-inspired piece by this man in C minor which he included alongside pieces like “Tristesse” and “Winter Wind” in his twenty-seven piano etudes. For 10 points, name this Polish romantic composer of the Revolutionary Etude, and several nocturnes and polonaises.ANSWER: Frederic Chopin <NZ/IC, Auditory Fine Arts>Operation Jaque rescued presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt [BEH-ton-coor] and 14 other hostages in this country. Alberto Camargo’s Liberal Party and Laureano Gomez’s Conservative Party united against the rule of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla in this country by forming the National Front, which ended a period of violence in this country called La (*) Violencia. Juan Manuel Santos won the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in ending a civil war in this country, where Alfonso Cano’s Revolutionary Armed Forces group was better known as FARC. Panama gained its independence from, for 10 points, what South American country with its capital at Bogotá?ANSWER: Republic of Colombia <SR, World History>This author described the sun as “a flame-white disc in silken mists above shining trees” in a poem whose speaker asks “Who shall say I am not the happy genius of my household?” This author of “Danse Russe” wrote, “Lifeless in appearance, sluggish dazed spring approaches” in the title poem of his collection Spring and All. The speaker of a poem by this author says “they were delicious, so (*) sweet and so cold” after apologizing for eating “the plums that were in the icebox.” In another poem by this author, the speaker describes an object “glazed with rain water beside the white chickens.” For 10 points, name this imagist poet of “This Is Just to Say” and “The Red Wheelbarrow.”ANSWER: William Carlos Williams <JF, American Literature>Collenchyma [KO-len-KYE-muh] tissue is distinguished from the sclerenchyma [SCLARE-ren-KYE-muh] and parenchyma [PAIR-ren-KYE-muh] tissues by the properties of this organelle. Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin function by degrading this structure. The “thickness” of this structure in bacteria indicate whether crystal violet will stain this structure. This structure is transversed by (*) plasmodesmata, and Gram-positive bacteria are differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria by the amount of peptidoglycan in this structure. Lignin can be found in this structure, which is composed of cellulose in plants. For 10 points, name this rigid structure that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria and plant cells.ANSWER: cell wall [do not accept or prompt on “cell membrane”] <SS/IC, Biology>In this election, Georgia’s electoral votes were technically invalid due to not properly listing its votes. During this election, James A. Bayard and some of his political allies decided to abstain in a key vote. The candidacy of Charles C. Pinckney was intended to rob votes from its eventual winner. The results of this election led to the passage of the (*) Twelfth Amendment, and the aftermath of this election saw the appointment of “Midnight Judges” by an outgoing Federalist administration. Alexander Hamilton’s influence led to the breaking of a 35-ballot-long deadlock between this election’s winner and Aaron Burr. For 10 points, name this election in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.ANSWER: Election of 1800 <BW, American History>One poem about this event that describes Margareta and Shulamite opens with the speaker stating, “Black milk of morning we drink you at dusktime.” A poem about the victims of this event written by pastor Martin Niem?ller begins, “First they came…” and ends with the line, “there was no one left to speak for me.” “Death Fugue” by Paul Celan is about this event, as is a novel in which the town of (*) Sighet ignores the warnings of Moshe the Beadle. In that novel set during this event, the father of Eliezer dies after a death march to Buchenwald. For 10 points, name this event central to Elie Wiesel’s novel Night, which is mainly set in Auschwitz. ANSWER: the Holocaust [prompt on World War II] <JM/MM, European literature>One concept developed by this man represented the merging of both masculine and feminine principles in the human psyche. After experiencing a “confrontation with the unconscious” at thirty-eight, this man wrote about his induced hallucinations. This man developed the concept of synchronicity, or “meaningful coincidences,” in order to explain the paranormal. This psychologist was the first to use the terms (*) ‘extroversion’ and ‘introversion.’ This psychologist defined archetypes as the counterpart of psychic instinct, which both derived from his most famous idea. For 10 points, name this Swiss psychoanalyst and developer of the collective unconscious.ANSWER: Carl Gustav Jung [yoong] <SR, Social Science>One of this artist’s paintings shows an old woman in black seated behind a naked girl lying face down on a bed. Another painting by this artist includes a blue idol in the background that represents the “beyond,” while one of his cloisonnist paintings depicts three (*) Breton women mourning the fate of the title figure. This artist of Spirit of the Dead Watching also painted a work intended to be read right to left and whose central scene shows a barely-dressed man reaching for an apple from a tree. For 10 points, name this artist of The Yellow Christ, who depicted life on Tahiti in Where Do We Come From? What are We? Where are We Going?ANSWER: Paul Gauguin <DA, Visual Fine Arts>A politician from this country named James Caroll helped put down a guerilla insurgency led by Ringatu founder Te Kooti. Residents of this country massacred the Moriori people while settling the nearby Chatham Islands. A rebellion in this country began after a (*) British flag given as a gift to James Busby was cut down by Hōne Heke. The native people of this country engaged in a series of civil wars known as the Musket Wars, which ended after the signing of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi with William Hobson. For 10 points, name this country where the British colonists fought the Maori people.ANSWER: New Zealand <DA, Other History>After observing a nova within this object in 1917, Heber Curtis proposed the “island universe” hypothesis. This object was reclassified after Edwin Hubble used Cepheid [seh-FEED] variables to show that this object was much farther away than originally thought. This object had previously collided with the Triangulum (*) Galaxy between 2 and 8 billion years ago, and is expected to collide with it again. This galaxy is the most distant object visible to the naked eye, and this galaxy is the largest in the Local Group. For 10 points, name this galaxy that is expected to collide with the Milky Way in 4.5 billion years. ANSWER: Andromeda Galaxy [accept Messier 31 or M31 or NGC 224] <SR, Astronomy>The speaker of one poem in this form describes the subject to “A midwife’s right hand,” and another poem in this form describing that object personifies an “oak branch” inviting others to look at it. Another poem in this form describes a “cold shower” that will cause a monkey to want a “coat of straw.” A contest involving these poems was described in the anthology (*) The Seashell Game. Donald Keene translated a poem in this form that describes the “sound of the water” after a frog leaps into an “ancient pond.” For 10 points, the Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō often wrote what kind of poems consisting of seventeen syllables?ANSWER: Haiku [accept hokku] <CJM, World Literature>After graduating from the University of Chicago, this politician briefly lived on a kibbutz at Shaar Ha’amakim. This politician’s stepdaughter Carina Driscoll ran and lost an election an office this politician served held 1981 to 1989. In 2010 this member of Congress filibustered for eight hours against President Obama's tax (*) cut compromise. In 1987 this man published a folk song and spoken word album titled “We Shall Overcome” and in 2016 he founded the organization Our Revolution. For 10 points, name this former mayor of Burlington, Vermont, a democratic socialist currently running for the 2020 Democratic Presidential Nomination.ANSWER: Bernie Sanders [or Bernard Sanders] <FW, U.S. Current Events>A film set in this city follows a playwright who casts actors to portray mundanity within an ever-expanding warehouse in this city as his life slowly falls apart. That film is titled Synecdoche, [this city]. In another film set in this city, the racist pizzeria owner Sal is attacked by Radio Raheem, who is later killed by the police. Do the Right Thing by Spike Lee is set in this city, as is a film framed around Travis Bickle and interspersed with his diary entries, Taxi (*) Driver. Other film scenes set in this city include the receipt of Luca Brasi’s vest with a dead fish inside and the massacre of Mafia dons at a baptism. For 10 points, name this city where Michael and Vito Corleone lead one of the Five Families in The Godfather.ANSWER: New York City [accept Schenectady, New York before “warehouse”] <SS/MB, Other Fine Arts>During this period, the start of day is defined by when a person can distinguish a white and black thread. During this period, the suhoor meal is eaten before the first prayer of the day and some people go into itikaf, or seclusion, during this period. During this period, the gate of Heaven is (*) open and the gates of Hell are closed while Shaitan is prevented from influencing people who observe this period. This period ends with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr and begins at the sighting of the new moon. Pregnant women and the elderly are not required to participate in, for 10 points, what month of daytime fasting in Islam?ANSWER: Ramadan <BM, Religion>This phenomenon is the main principle behind “smart rubber” which is able to ‘heal’ after being ripped. These interactions occur between amide groups and carbonyls in the secondary structure of proteins and these interactions occur between (*) nucleotides in DNA. The vapor pressure of hydrochloric acid is higher than that of hydrofluoric acid due to these interactions, which also explain why the boiling point of water is unnaturally high. For 10 points, name this strongest class of intermolecular forces, a type of dipole-dipole interaction named for the lightest element.ANSWER: Hydrogen bonding [accept H-bonds; prompt on dipole-dipole interactions before mention] <MY, Chemistry>Four of these creatures named Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Dura?rór [du-rah-THROAR] eat food from the branches of Yggdrasil. The druid Fear Doirich [fair door-eehkh] transformed Fionn mac Cumhaill’s [finn mac cool’s] wife Sadhbh [sive] into one of these beings twice, the second time permanently. In the Ramayana, the demon Ravana kidnaps Sita while Rama and Lakshmana were (*) hunting one of these beings named Maricha. After seeing Artemis naked, Actaeon [ac-TAY-on] was turned into one of these animals before being eaten by dogs. 12 rivers originate from the antlers of one of these animals in Valhalla. For 10 points, name these animals, a Kerynian one of which Heracles had to hunt.ANSWER: deer [or does or stags or harts or hinds] <SR, Mythology>The speaker of a poem by this author discusses a man who “added five children to the population” and dismisses the question “Was he happy?” by saying, “Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard.” This author wrote “dogs go on with their doggy life” in a poem whose speaker notes the artistic depiction of a “ploughman” who “may have heard the (*) splash.” This author of “The Unknown Citizen” created a speaker who states, “We must love one another or die.” That poem by this author begins “in one of the dives on Fifty-second Street” and is about the outbreak of World War II. For 10 points, name this author of “Musée des Beaux Arts” and “September 1, 1939.”ANSWER: Wystan Hugh Auden <JF, Non-American Anglophone Literature>One politician from this country purged the “Muscovite faction” led by Ana Pauker twenty years after he was imprisoned for leading a railroad strike at Grivita. After the death of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej [GYOR-gay GYOR-gyoo-dej], this country was led by a man who attempted to increase its population by encouraging “heroine mothers” to have children and banning (*) abortion with Decree 770. The defection of the Securitate contributed to the downfall of this country’s last Communist leader, who, along with his wife Elena, was executed on live television on Christmas Day, 1989. For 10 points, name this country where dictator Nicolae Ceausescu [CHEAU-ches-KEW] ruled from Bucharest.ANSWER: Socialist Republic of Romania <DA, European History>TB.This deity cast the deciding vote to acquit Orestes during his trial, and declared that ties would be always ruled in favor of the defendant. A failed attempt by Hephaestus to rape this deity resulted in the birth of Erichthonius. During the Gigantomachy, this deity flayed Pallas and used his skin as a (*) shield, and this deity also trapped Enceladus under Sicily. One hero that was a favorite of this deity was able to wound Ares with his spear. This deity attached the head of Medusa to her shield, known as the aegis, and gifted an olive tree to Athens to win a competition to name it. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess associated with wisdom and warfare.ANSWER: Pallas Athena [accept Athena Atrytone or other epithets; accept Minerva until “Hephaestus,” do not accept or prompt afterwards] <SR, Classical Mythology>BonusesDuring this event, Charley says that one character was a “man way out there in the blue, riding on a smile and a shoeshine” in a speech that defends that man’s big dreams. For 10 points each:[10] Name this event. During this event, which closes the play in which it appears, the tear-choked cries of “we’re free” are repeated by Linda, one of this event’s few attendees.ANSWER: Willy Loman’s funeral [or Willy Loman’s funeral; accept “Requiem”; accept, but DO NOT OTHERWISE REVEAL the funeral in Death of a Salesman; prompt on a vague answer of “a funeral”; do NOT accept or prompt on any answer indicating that it is the “death of Willy Loman”][10] Only Willy Loman’s family and two of his neighbors attend his funeral in this play. The title event of this play occurs when Willy crashes his car to give his family the insurance money.ANSWER: Death of a Salesman[10] Death of a Salesman was written by this American playwright, who used the Salem witch trials as an allegory for McCarthyism in his play The Crucible.ANSWER: Arthur (Asher) Miller <DK, American Literature>This piece was originally supposed to be the composer’s Ninth symphony, but the composer, fearing the Curse of the Ninth, disguised it as a song cycle. For 10 points each:[10] Name this six movement composition for two voices and orchestra. The lyrics for this composition are based on Tang dynasty poetry.ANSWER: Das Lied von der Erde [or The Song of the Earth][10] Das Lied von der Erde is a composition by this Austrian composer. This composer ultimately fell victim to the Curse of the Ninth, as he only completed nine symphonies, including ones nicknamed “Titan” and “Resurrection.”ANSWER: Gustav Mahler[10] This five movement Mahler symphony begins with a C sharp minor funeral march and features a notable adagietto representing Mahler’s love of his wife Alma. ANSWER: Gustav Mahler’s 5th Symphony <DK, Auditory Fine Arts>For 10 points each, answer some questions about some lovers of the Greek deities:[10] This lover of Apollo was killed during a discus competition by the jealous Zephyrus. After his death, a flower sprang out of his blood.ANSWER: Hyacinthus[10] Callisto, a follower of Artemis, was turned into one of these animals after her affair with Zeus was discovered. After she died, Callisto was turned into the constellation of Ursa Major, which depicts one of these animals.ANSWER: bear[10] This other figure attempted to kill Eros because of fears that he was a hideous monster, but stopped when she saw his divine beauty. She later performed four labours in order to reunite with Eros. ANSWER: Psyche <SR, Mythology>Consider a system that contains the reaction A to B, where at a given point, the concentrations of A and B are not changing. For 10 points each:[10] The system is said to be in this condition, where the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate.ANSWER: chemical equilibrium [accept dynamic equilibrium][10] If one adds more of substance A to the reaction container, the equilibrium will shift to the right due to this principle named for a French chemist. This principle also explains why decreasing the pressure in the Haber-Bosch process shifts the equilibrium to the left. ANSWER: Le Chatelier’s Principle[10] One result of Le Chatelier’s Principle is this effect, where adding salts with the same constituents as the solution changes the equilibrium concentrations.ANSWER: common-ion effect <MY, Chemistry>I hope that you are friends with your teammates, because you will need to answer the following about friends in music. For 10 points each:[10] The line “You say you love me, I say you’re crazy / We’re nothing more than friends” appears in this artist’s song FRIENDS. She also sung “2002.”ANSWER: Anne-Marie [accept Anne-Marie Rose Nicholson][10] The line “I wanna end me” appears in this artists song “bury a friend.” Her other songs include “bad guy” and “when the party’s over.”ANSWER: Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O’Connell[10] “You’ve got a friend in me,” the leitmotif in the Toy Story franchise, is sung by Lyle Lovett and this singer-songwriter, whose works can be seen in other Disney-Pixar films such as The Princess and the Frog and the Monsters Inc. franchise. ANSWER: Randy Newman [or Randall Stewart Newman] <AK, Trash>During his residence at Wartburg Castle, this thinker was the first to produce a German translation of the New Testament. For 10 points each:[10] Name this German monk who in 1517 nailed a collection of 95 theses to a church door in Wittenberg, raising criticism against the Catholic Church, thus beginning the Protestant Reformation.ANSWER: Martin Luther[10] At the time, the Church was led by this flamboyant, heavy-spending Pope who excommunicated Luther after his refusal to back down at the Diet of Worms.ANSWER: Pope Leo X [or Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici; prompt on Medici][10] The content of the Ninety-five Theses was rapidly spread across Europe using the printing press, an invention of this former German goldsmith, a creator of a namesake version of the Bible, from his workshop in Mainz.ANSWER: Johannes Gutenberg <FW, European History>This author shifted narration between Ugwu, Olanna, Odenigbo, and Richard in Half of a Yellow Sun, a novel about the Biafran War. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author who created the immigrant Ifemelu in Americanah. She wrote about gender roles in “Dear Ijeawele” and “We Should All be Feminists.”ANSWER: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie[10] “We Should All be Feminists” was adapted from one of these lectures, later published on Youtube, given by Adichie. The organization that runs these presentations works under the slogan “ideas worth spreading,” and in one of these presentations, “The Danger of a Single Story,” Adichie called stereotypes not “untrue,” but “incomplete.”ANSWER: Ted Talk [accept TedX Talk; accept synonyms for “talk”][10] Adichie is a novelist from this country which is the setting of her novel Half of a Yellow Sun. Chinua Achebe, another author from this country, wrote about the Igbo man Okonkwo in his novel Things Fall Apart.ANSWER: Federal Republic of Nigeria [generously prompt on Biafra] <MB, World Literature>In a book read aloud on this holiday, Mordecai discovers a plot to kill King Ahasuerus, but later becomes disfavoured after refusing to bow to the king. For 10 points each:[10] Name this holiday, where the book of Esther is read aloud and gifts are exchanged in the practice of mishloach manot.ANSWER: Purim[10] This antagonist of the Book of Esther, a vizier of Persia, names pastries that are consumed on Purim and represent his “ears” or “pockets.”ANSWER: Haman[10] Adults are encouraged to drink this substance during Purim. The Passover Seder is organized around four cups of this alcoholic beverage. ANSWER: Wine <KP, Religion>This politician controversially declared a nationwide state of emergency from 1975 to 1977. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Indian politician, who curbed civil rights and suspended elections during “The Emergency” in her tenure as India’s third prime minister.ANSWER: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi [prompt on Gandhi][10] This politician, the father of Indira Gandhi, gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech on the night of India’s independence. This first prime minister of India was also one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement.ANSWER: Jawaharlal Nehru [or Pandit Nehru or Chacha Nehru][10] Both Nehru and Indira Gandhi were members of this political party that earlier led the Indian independence movement. This left-leaning party has lost recent elections to the Bharatiya Janata Party.ANSWER: Indian National Congress [or INC; accept Congress Party or equivalents] <SR, World History>This organelle is composed of flattened sacs of cisternae. For 10 points each: [10] Name this organelle described as the packaging center of the cell.ANSWER: Golgi apparatus [accept Golgi body; accept Golgi complex][10] The Golgi apparatus sorts and transports these items as part of their namesake “packaging.” These macromolecules consist of long chains of amino acids and “fold” in their tertiary structures.ANSWER: proteins[10] This protein transports other proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. It is contrasted with a similarly-named protein that transports from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum.ANSWER: COPII [do not accept or prompt on “COPI”] <MY, Biology>The Old River Control Structure is built on this river to prevent too much of its flow from diverting into the Atchafalaya [uh-TAH-cha-fuh-LIE-a] River. For 10 points each:[10] Name this second longest river in the U.S., which flows through or past 12 states, from Minnesota to Louisiana, before discharging into the Gulf of Mexico.ANSWER: Mississippi River[10] The Industrial Canal passes through the 9th Ward of this city on the Mississippi River. In a 2005 hurricane, the failure of many levees along the river and that canal caused significant flooding in this city.ANSWER: New Orleans[10] The Industrial Canal connects the Mississippi River to this lake north of New Orleans. An eponymous causeway spanning this lake is the longest continuous bridge over water in the world.ANSWER: Lake Pontchartrain [PON-cha-TRAIN] <BW, Geography>Consider a polynomial of degree five, denoted P(x) [P of x]. For 10 points each, answer the following about theorems involving polynomials:[10] If the term x - a can divide P(x) evenly, then the Polynomial Remainder Theorem states that a is one of these points where the graph of P(x) vs. x crosses the x-axis.ANSWER: roots [accept zeroes; accept solutions][10] Since P(x) is of degree five, this theorem states that there is no general formula to find the roots of the polynomial.ANSWER: Abel-Ruffini Theorem [accept Abel’s Impossibility Theorem; do not accept or prompt on “Abel’s Theorem”][10] Even though there is no general formula to find the roots of P(x), this theorem guarantees that P(x) has five complex roots.ANSWER: Fundamental Theorem of Algebra [prompt on F.T,A.] <MY, Math>For 10 points each, answer the following about winners of the Nobel Peace Prize:[10] The 1983 prize went to Lech Walesa, who founded the trade union Solidarity in this nation. In 1990, he would be elected as this nation’s president.ANSWER: Republic of Poland[10] In 1973, the prize went to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, whose work on the Paris Peace Accords helped end this Southeast-Asian conflict.ANSWER: Vietnam War[10] This Swedish Secretary-General of the United Nations was the only man to win the prize posthumously, doing so after his plane crashed while en route to negotiations to end the Congo Crisis.ANSWER: Dag Hammarskj?ld <DA, Other History>In a play by this author, the chorus repeats the phrase “brekekekex-koax-koax” to imitate the title figures in the underworld. For 10 points each:[10] Name this playwright who wrote about a contest between Euripides and Aeschylus his play The Frogs.ANSWER: Aristophanes[10] In Aristophanes’s play Lysistrata, women successfully end this war by withholding sex from men until they establish negotations with Sparta to end the fighting. ANSWER: Peloponnesian War[10] This other Aristophanes play fictionalizing the end of the Peloponnesian war features Trygaeus, a man who rides a dung beetle to the House of the Gods hoping that he will find the title character.ANSWER: Peace [or Eirēnē] <KR, Classical Literature>A 2001 book by Jonathan Israel places emphasis on the role of this philosopher in the Radical Enlightenment. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Jewish-Dutch philosopher who advanced a monism with God as the only substance in his Ethics. ANSWER: Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict de Spinoza; or Benedito de Espinosa][10] This philosopher submitted the essay “What is Enlightenment?” to a contest held by the Berlin Monthly in 1784, defining the Enlightenment as “man's emergence from its self-imposed immaturity.” He explores the possibility of synthetic a priori truths in his Critique of Pure Reason. ANSWER: Immanuel Kant[10] This late 20th-century post-structuralist philosopher also wrote an article entitled “What is Enlightenment?” Instead of using a “transcendental” method of reflection like Kant, this philosopher sought a method to “give new impetus...to an undefined work of freedom.”ANSWER: Paul-Michel Foucault [foo-KOH] <DA, Philosophy>Erwin Panofsky developed a reading of this painting as a contract in Early Netherlandish Painting. For 10 points each:[10] Name this painting which depicts a wealthy Italian couple holding hands in a bedroom. An inscription above a mirror in this painting reads that its artist “was here.”ANSWER: The Arnolfini Portrait [or The Arnolfini Wedding; or The Arnolfini Marriage][10] This Flemish painter of the Arnolfini Portrait also created the Ghent Altarpiece with his brother Hubert.ANSWER: Jan van Eyck[10] Jan van Eyck made several paintings of this subject, one of which depicts the canon van der Paele kneeling and another in which the central figure sitting in a lavish room with Chancellor Rolin.ANSWER: Madonnas [or Mary; accept Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, accept Madonna with Canon van der Paele; accept Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele; prompt on “baby Jesus”] <DK, Visual Fine Arts>This colony initially settled on land sold by the Yamacraw tribe was meant to serve as a buffer zone against a Spanish colony to the south. For 10 points each:[10] Name this colony created as a haven for debtors. Its proprietor’s strict morals led to alcohol and slavery being banned in this colony.ANSWER: Province of Georgia [or Colony of Georgia][10] Georgia was founded by this man, who names the plan devised for settling it. ANSWER: James Oglethorpe[10] Oglethorpe served as a commander during this 1740s conflict between Britain and Spain. This war allegedly began after the namesake captain of a British merchant ship was stopped and assaulted by the forces of privateer Juan de Léon Fandino.ANSWER: War of Jenkins’ Ear <DA, American History>NOTE TO MODERATOR: CAREFULLY READ THE ANSWERLINE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FIRST PART. The development of rib vaults allowed higher ceilings and larger windows in many of these buildings. For 10 points each:[10] Identify these cross-shaped buildings that typically had an entrance and long nave towards the west, with an ambulatory circling the choir on the east end.ANSWER: cathedrals [prompt on Catholic churches; accept, BUT DO NOT REVEAL, Gothic cathedrals][10] Most cathedrals were constructed in this architectural style of the Middle Ages, which succeeded the Romanesque. This style is also characterized by stained glass, flying buttresses, and significant sculptural ornamentation.ANSWER: Gothic Architecture [or Gothic Style; accept Early, High, Radiant, or Flamboyant Gothic][10] Many French cathedrals are known for their use of these circular windows often named for Catherine of Alexandria. Windows of this type are divided by spokes radiating from their center and often decorated with stained glass.ANSWER: Rose Windows [or Wheel Windows] <MB, Other Fine Arts>These materials are “doped” to increase their conductivity by adding small impurities into their crystal lattice. For 10 points each:[10] Name these materials that have resistance between that of a conductor and an insulator. Examples of these substances include gallium arsenide and silicon.ANSWER: semiconductors[10] The ‘field-effect’ example of these devices is often contrasted with the ‘bipolar junction’ example of these devices. These devices only allow current to flow when a voltage is applied to the base or gate, allowing them to be used at switches in circuits.ANSWER: transistors [accept (metal-oxide-silicon) field-effect transistors; accept MOSFET; accept BJT; accept bipolar junction transistors][10] Cadmium selenide is a common form of these nanoscale semiconductors which can be visualized as finite potential wells. By changing their size, these materials can be “tuned” to fluoresce at specific wavelengths of light.ANSWER: quantum dots <SLD/IC, Physics>After this character is fatally stabbed, he bloodily gurgles for air for several hours while his killer is giving him water in an attempt to save him. For 10 points each:[10] Name this typesetter whose death haunts his killer, who remorsefully calls this man “Comrade” and looks at the pictures of this man’s family in his wallet after he dies.ANSWER: Gérard Duval [accept either name][10] Duval falls into a foxhole next to this character, who quickly stabs him out of instinct. Earlier in the novel in which this character appears, he is convinced to enlist in the German Army by his schoolteacher Kantorek.ANSWER: Paul B?umer [boy-mer] [accept either name][10] Duval and Paul B?umer appear in this Erich Maria Remarque novel about the atrocities of World War I.ANSWER: All Quiet on the Western Front [or In Westen Nichts Neues] <DK, European Literature> ................
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