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CHAPTER 18 PRATICE TEST The kidneys receive about ________% of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute The renal corpuscle is made up of two structures: _______________________________The two parts of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the:___________________________________The two parts of the renal tubules that are in the cortex of the kidney are the:____________________________________The process of ___________________ is the movement of substances out of the renal tubules and into the blood capillariesThe process of _________________________ causes substances in the blood to be pushed into the glomerular capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus The process of _________________________ is the movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tubeThe hormone _____________________ is released from the posterior pituitary gland and reduces the amount of water lost in the urineThe hormone _____________________ is made by the heart and stimulates the tubules to secrete sodium The hormone ______________________ is made in the adrenal cortex and causes the tubules to absorb sodium The involuntary muscle ____________________ is at the exit of the bladder_________________________ is a condition in which the bladder is able to empty itself but no urine is being produced by the kidneys____________________ is a condition in which a person voids urine involuntarily ____________________ is a condition in which the bladder is full and the kidney is producing urine but the bladder is unable to empty itself Match Inner layer of the kidneyExpansion of the ureter in the kidneyCup-shaped part of the nephron that catches the filtrate Tube leading from the bladder to outside the bodyNetwork of capillaries in the glomerular capsuleSaclike structure used to hold urine until it is voidedOuter part of the kidneyAn area if the bladder that has openings for the two ureters and the urethraThe part of the renal tubules that is located between the proximal and distal tubulesTube connecting the kidney and bladderThe triangular decisions in the medulla of the kidney ___ cortex___ medulla___ pyramids___ renal pelvis___ urethra___ bladder___ ureter___ trigone___ glomerular capsule___ glomerulus___ nephron loopThe outermost portion of the kidney is known as the:MedullaPapillaPelvisPyramid CortexThe saclike structure that surrounds that surrounds the glomerulus is the:Renal pelvisCalyxGlomerular capsuleCortexNone of the aboveThe renal corpuscle is made up of the:Glomerular capsule and proximal convoluted tubuleGlomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule Glomerular capsule and distal convoluted tubuleGlomerulus and distal convoluted tubuleGlomerular capsule and glomerulusWhich of the following functions is not performed by the kidneys?Maintenance of homeostasis Removal of wastes from the bloodProduction of ADHRemoval of electrolytes from the bloodLarge amounts of water, approximately _______ liters per day reabsorbed by osmosis from the proximal tubules6090100120The glomerular filtration rate is ________________ mL per minute1.2512.5125.01250.0None of the above Glucose is reabsorbed in the:Henle loopProximal convoluted tubuleDistal convoluted tubuleGlomerulus None of the aboveReabsorption does not occur in the:Nephron loopProximal convoluted tubuleDistal convoluted tubuleCollecting ductCalyxThe greater the amount of salt intake, the:Less salt excreted in the urineMore salt reabsorbed More salt excreted in the urineNone of the aboceWhich one of the following substances is secreted by diffusion?Sodium ionsCertain drugsAmmoniaHydrogen ionsPotassium ionsWhich of the following statements about ADH is NOT true?It is stored by the pituitary glandIt makes the collecting tubules less permeable to waterIt makes the distal convoluted tubules more permeableIt is produced by the hypothalamusWhich of the following statements about aldosterone is not true?It is secreted by the adrenal cortex It is a water-retaining hormoneIt is a salt-retaining hormoneAll of the above correct Match MedullaCortexPyramidsPapillaPelvis CalyxNephronsUremiaProteinuria Glomerular capsuleGlomerulusNephron loopJuxtaglomerular apparatusGlycosuria ___ functioning unit of urinary system___ abnormally large amounts of plasma proteins in the urine___ uremic poisoning ___ outer part of kidney___ together with the Bowman capsule forms renal corpuscle___ division of the renal pelvis___ cup-shaped top of a nephron___ innermost end of a pyramid___ extension of proximal tubule___ triangular-shaped divisions of the medulla of the kidney___ functions in the blood volume and blood pressure regulation ___ inner portion of kidneyMatch UretersBladderUrethra___ rugae___ lowermost part of urinary tract___ lining membrane richly supplied with sensory nerve endings___ lies behind pubic symphysis___ dual function in male___ 1 ? inches long in female___ drains renal pelvis___ surrounded by prostate in male___ elastic fibers and involuntary muscle fibers___ 10-12 inches long___ trigone Which of the following is NOT true of the kidneys?The right kidney is lower than the leftThey are retroperitoneal The rate of blood flow through the kidneys is among the highest in the bodyAll of the above trueThe Glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up:Renal tubuleRenal corpuscleNephron loopCollecting tubule The kidneys serve the body by:Maintaining homeostasisExcreting toxins and waste products containing nitrogenRegulating the proper balance between body water content and saltAll of the aboveUrine formation begins with:Glomerular filtrationThe proximal convoluted tubuleThe distal convoluted tubule Henle loopA well-known sign of diabetes mellitus is:ProteinuriaOliguriaGlycosuriaAnuriaA lithotripter is used for:Diabetes mellitusIncontinenceRenal calculiOliguria Aldosterone:Assists in controlling the kidney tubules’ excretion of saltStimulates the tubules to reabsorb sodium salts at a faster rateDecreases tubular water reabsorption Is a salt- and water-losing hormoneControl of urine volume is maintained primary by the:Glomerular capsuleNephron loopADH from the posterior pituitary glandKidney tubuleWhich is NOT a part of the kidney?CortexTrigoneMedullaPyramidsWhich of the following is NOT a primary process is urine formation?Active transportFiltrationReabsorption Secretion MatchUrinary bladder infectionTriangular divisions of medulla of kidneyMicroscopic units of kidneyBlood pressure regulationUremic poisoning Nephron loopRelaxation of internal sphincter Renal failureDivisions of renal pelvisHydrogen and potassium ions ___ uremia___ nephrons___ renal tubule___ Juxtaglomerular apparatus___ secretion ___ CAPD___ cystitis___ emptying reflex___ calyces___ pyramids 41. The central, “blood balancing” organ of the urinary system is the:a. liver.b. bladder.c. kidney.d. urethra.42. The condition that occurs when waste products in the blood quickly accumulate to toxic levels is:a. uremia.b. cystitis.c. interstitial cystitis.d. anemia.43. Which of the following is the triangular division of the medulla of the kidney?a. Calyxb. Renal medullac. Renal pyramidd. Renal pelvis44. The tiny, funnel-shaped microscopic structure of the kidney responsible for producing urine is the:a. glomeruli.b. nephron.c. renal corpuscle.d. renal tubule.45. The capillary network that is tucked into the glomerular capsule is the:a. nephron.b. renal corpuscle.c. proximal convoluted tubule.d. glomerulus.46. The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus function to regulate:a. urine production.b. water absorption.c. salt absorption.d. blood pressure.47. Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes?a. Filtration, secretion, and excretionb. Filtration, reabsorption, and excretionc. Filtration, reabsorption, and secretiond. Reabsorption, secretion, and excretion48. The movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries is called:a. secretion.b. filtration.c. reabsorption.d. absorption.49. About 180 L of water leaves the blood each day by glomerular filtration. How much water is reabsorbed from the proximal tubules?a. 45 Lb. 90 Lc. 135 Ld. 120 L50. _________ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume.a. ADHb. Aldosteronec. TSHd. Plasma51. The ureter of each kidney conducts urine from the kidney to the:a. urethra.b. bladder.c. prostate gland.d. calyx.52. Attacks of renal colic are caused by:a. gallstones.b. kidney stones.c. ANH.d. sodium stones.53. The passage of urine from the body or the emptying of the bladder is referred to as:a. incontinence.b. micturition.c. urinary suppression.d. urinary retention.54. The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the:a. internal sphincter muscle of the bladder.b. urethra.c. external sphincter muscle of the bladder.d. detrusor muscle ANSWERS20Glomerular, capsule, glomerulusHenle loop, collecting ductProximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubuleReabsorption ECECDCBECCBDG,I,H,B,K,F,J,D,L,C,M,AB,C,A,B,C,C,A,C,B,A,BDBDACCBCBAE,C,F,D,J,H,A,G,I,BCACBDDCCDABBBC ................
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