MLA Style - In-Text Citation
MLA Style – In-Text CitationMLA style is a set of guidelines established by the Modern Language Association for presenting written research. See the MLA Handbook, 8th ed., MLA, 2016.Basic Format Author-Page StyleIn addition to having a works cited list at the end of your paper, you must give credit to sources that you use within your paper. Usually the author’s last name and page number are enough for the reader to identify the complete reference in the works cited. Examples below show variations of this rule.Author’s name in textIf you cite the author’s name in your paper, cite only page numbers in parentheses at the end of the sentence:Smith has compared these authors (203-05).Author’s name in referenceIf you do not cite the author’s name in your paper, then include both the author’s name and page numbers in parentheses at the end of the sentence:These authors have been compared elsewhere (Smith 203-05).Works CitedSmith, Patrick A. Tim O’Brien: A Critical Companion. Greenwood P, 2005.Works CitedSmith, Patrick A. Tim O’Brien: A Critical Companion. Greenwood P, 2005.No author (cite by title)When there is no author listed for a work, include the first few words of the title followed by page numbers, if available, in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Italicize longer works, such as book titles, plays, or entire websites. Put shorter works in quotation marks.Although NBC will not air liquor ads until after 9 p.m. to reduce impact on young viewers, the American Medical Association believes this advertising will affect young people (“Liquor Advertising”).Works Cited“Liquor Advertising Gag is Hard to Swallow.” National Post, 19 Dec. 2001, p. A17. ProQuest Central,?search-proquest/ 329783841/accountid=1599. Accessed 17 Apr. 2019.Works Cited“Liquor Advertising Gag is Hard to Swallow.” National Post, 19 Dec. 2001, p. A17. ProQuest Central,?search-proquest/ 329783841/accountid=1599. Accessed 17 Apr. 2019.Citing two authorsCite both authors’ last names and the page numbers in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Use and to separate the authors’ names.They believe that a key aspect of the growth of dance on the American cultural scene has been the expansion of dance education (Kraus and Hilsendager 23). Works CitedKraus, Richard and Sarah Hilsendager. History of Dance in Education. Prentice, 1991.Works CitedKraus, Richard and Sarah Hilsendager. History of Dance in Education. Prentice, 1991.Citing three or more authorsIf the source has three or more authors, cite the first author’s name followed by et al.Chiras et al. offer sustainable solutions to global resource and environmental problems (2). Works CitedChiras, Daniel, Reganold, John, and Oliver S. Owen. Natural Resource Conservation: Management for a Sustainable Future. Pearson, 2004.Works CitedChiras, Daniel, Reganold, John, and Oliver S. Owen. Natural Resource Conservation: Management for a Sustainable Future. Pearson, 2004.Quoting and paraphrasingResearch databases provide access to articles in two different formats. PDF is a copy of the article as it appears in the print journal and includes page numbers.HTML is a format for online reading that does not include page numbers.Page numbersWhen you quote or paraphrase a specific part of source with page numbers, give the relevant page numbers in parentheses at the end of the sentence: Brown wrote, “Time management is an important survival skill” (27).Without page numbersWhen you quote or paraphrase a specific passage in an online source without page numbers, no page numbers are needed. If available, use the PDF version of the article because it includes page numbers.According to Jones, binge drinking is a serious problem. ................
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