Bio Rocks



Ecology Computer labsGo Mr. Rosenberg’s webpage if you rather cut and paste the links into the browserType in . Be patient, takes a minute or two to load.click the [options] boxclick [select region/country for simulation] – Be patient while it loadswhere it says “Area”, type in [World] then click [Done]Answer following questionsWorld (7 points)1) 1990 population? ______________2) 1990 Total Fertility Rate? ______ 3) 1990 Life Expectancy? __________click the [Sim>] box to change the year and record new information for #4 & 5. Assume Fertility Rate and Life Expectancy stay the same4) Population in the year 2010? ______________________5) in the year 2040? ____________________click the [<Sim] box and go back to 1990. click the [Fertility Rate] box and change the Fertility Rate to 2.1 using the [+/-] buttons and use the [+/-] buttons to change Year to 2010 click the [Sim>] box to do #66) Population in the year 2040 (Fertility 2.1/year 2010)? _______________click the [<Sim] box and go back to 1990. Set the Fertility Rate back to 3.2 and the year back to 1990. click the [Life Expectany] box to 68.1 using [+/-] buttons7) Population in the year 2040 (Fertility 3.2/year 2010 and Life Expectancy 68.1? _____________Europe (7 pts.) click the [Options] box and click on select region/countryType in Europe and click [done]8) 1990 pop. of Europe? ___________________9) Total Fertility Rate? _______ 10) Life Expectancy? ________If 1990 conditions persist, Europe pop. in: 11) 2010? ___________ 12) 2040? _________13) If, due to declining numbers, the governments of Europe developed incentives to increase the total fertility rate to 2.4 with the change beginning in 1990, and gradually increasing to completion in 2010, what would the population of Europe be in the year 2040? ______________________________________14) What would Europe’s population be in the year 2040 if, at the same time that the total fertility rate increased in Europe (same as #13 above), and life expectancy increased to 78.4 years? Use the same modeling procedure as in #13, that is, begin both changes in 1990 have them complete in 2010. _____________________________North America (7 pts.) click the [Options] box and click on select region/countryType in Europe and click [done]15) 1990 pop. of North America? _____________ 16) Total Fertility Rate? ________ 17) Life Expectancy? _____If 1990 conditions persist, pop.of North America in: 18) 2010? _________________19) 2040? _______________20) If total fertility rate had begun to decline to 1.5 (approximately the replacement level) in 1990 completing the change in 2010,what would the population of North America be in the year 2040? (To simulate this change, select the Total Fertility Rate button and adjust the rate to 1.5. Also set the effective year to 2010. Close the window and run the simulation). ___________________________21) What would North America’s population be in the year 2040 if, at the same time that the total fertility rate declined worldwide (same as #20 above), life expectancy increased to 80.1 years? Use the same modeling procedure as in #20, that is, begin both changes in 1990 have them complete in 2010. ____________________________Comparison of North America and the Europe (6 pts.) Using original data and conditions for 1990 and simple division and multiplication (either on paper or with a calculator), compute the following population ratios (nearest whole number in percent):22) % Of the world's population in North America in 1990_______ 23) % of the world's population in Europe in 1990 _______ 24) % of the world's population in North America in 2040_______ 25) % of the world's population in Europe in 2040 __________ 26) What was the % decrease for North America? _________ 27) What was the % decrease for Europe? _________Type in . All your answers below should come from the information posted. You can go in any order. To see various relationships, click on the reef zone (1 of 4 connected boxes)For questions #32-33, #38-39, #41-44, pick a reef zone and click on any organisms with a connecting line to read the type of relationship they have.Put your pointer on the border of the color picture to navigate around and see images of the organismsWhat two ways do organisms change at the Great Barrier Reef?28)29)30) What is the main difference between predation and parasitism?31) How is co-evolution demonstrated?32-33) Give one example of predation/parasitism and explain why. 34-36) What three things do species compete for?---37) What ultimately results from competition?38-39) Give one example of competition and explain why.40) What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?41-44) Give one example of commensalism and one example of mutualism and explain why.Type in Introduction: This is a game developed by Yale University for Adults, but I have confidence you all will do just fine. The objective of the game is to try to get an understanding of what is a quality environment and how it represents a microcosm for the future of the planet.Click “launch game.” Read the Goal Window and click “ok.” You know will see the game board. (Read the following before you play)(Read the following before you play)Understanding the game board: The top left graphics demonstrates a food web. Clicking on any of the colored icons will highlight the part of the web that organism is in as well as highlighting the organism in the column to the right, and vice versa, clicking on the column on the right will highlight the relationships on the left.. Go ahead and try clicking on a few different organisms now. The top right graphic corresponds to the colored icons on the left graphic by showing the total number of each organism. There are two bars; the fat colored bar is the actual number of the organism, and the skinny bar directly underneath represents the starting number of each organism. The skinny bar does not change, but the colored bar changes as you play the game. On the bottom left are four “cards” – 1 yellow and 3 green. You will start the game by clicking on the purple highlighted yellow card and then alternately you get to choose one of the three green cards. Depending on which card you pick, it will affect the different organisms, which you can track the population changes by looking at the upper right graphic. There are 22 total cards in the deck. The game runs another 10 simulations for 32 total. On the lower right you will see “time1” representing the first card. The game ends when you get to “time19”. Next to the time are three icons representing the ecosystem (starting value 100), money (starting value 100) and popularity (starting value 25). As you play the game, these values will also change based on which cards you choose. On the cards you should see green or pink arrows that dictate what happens to the starting values of the ecosystem and popularity. Money changes are not shown. The goal is to maintain high enough values on all three icons to get re-elected and to keep the number of extinctions as low as possible. **The “?” are supposed to be help icons, but they don’t work. Now you are ready to play so click on the yellow card and you are off.You will play until you see a yellow card saying it is time to vote for re-election. If an organism goes extinct, a pop-up “tombstone” window will appear, as well as the organism being “x’d” out on the left graphic and “grayed” out on the right graphic. If you have an option of picking a card that allows you to pass, there still will be an effect on the ecosystem. Sometimes picking a card will give you various options that will affect the ecosystem.Keep a mental track of what happens when you pick certain cards – (natural interference, human interference, random chance, etc.Record your final 3 scores for ecosystem __________, money ________, and popularity _________. Did you beat the high score target? How much extinction did you have (not including the wallaby)? ________ Why is the Gnatcatcher more at risk of going extinct then lizards? (Hint: you need to look at the food web and see who eats who) (3 pts.)Why are bug-eaters facing a double whammy when bugs are depressed by some condition such as drought? (Hint: again, you need to look at the food web and see who eats who) (4 pts.)What type of cards seemed to have the biggest positive impact on the ecosystem? Explain. (2 pts.)What type of cards seemed to have the biggest negative impact on the ecosystem? Explain. (2 pts.)Click on the “new game” button on the lower right, and then click on the “Intro” button and play again. Keep a mental track of what happens when you pick certain cards.Record your final 3 scores for the ecosystem __________, money ________, and popularity _________. Did you do better or worse? Explain what choices you made this time that led to a change in score. (2 pts.) How many extinctions did you have this time? (1 pt.)Click on the “new game” button on the lower right, and then click on the “Intro” button and play again but this time you are going to aim for the lowest score possible by picking the worst case scenarios.53) Record your final 3 scores for the ecosystem __________, money ________, and popularity _________. Did you beat the low score target? Was it easier or harder to get a low score than a high score? Explain. (4 pts.)Do you think this is an accurate simulation of what occurs in a food web? Explain (2 pts.)55) How can you apply this simulation to the entire planet with humans as the top predator?56) Why is so difficult for politicians running for re-election to compromise their popularity and money for maintaining the ecosystem or vice-versa? In any of your simulations could you maintain high scores for both or was one always sacrificed? Explain (2 pts.)IV Type in Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 57) When you turn on a water faucet, where does the water come from? 58) Animals and plants have been using water for millions of years. Why don’t we run out? Type right click on blue button {enroll in class}Enter class code: 6EBYNSDGVTcreate ExploreLearning Account (use normal school user name/password)Search box: type in water cycleClick on picture of Water cycle (you may have to do this twice to loadGizmo Warm-upWater on Earth is always in motion. These motions form a repeating circuit called the water cycle. The Water Cycle Gizmo? allows you to explore the different paths water takes as it moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. 59) Click Oceans. What percentage of Earth’s water is found in the oceans? 60) Click Atmosphere. How does water get to the atmosphere? 61) Click Clouds. How do clouds form? 62) Click Precip (rain). (“Precip” is short for precipitation, or water falling to Earth’s surface.) What causes it to rain? 63) Click Oceans again, and then choose the PATH tab. Because it has the same beginning and end, the path is a complete cycle. How many steps does this cycle have? ___________Activity: The water cycleGet the Gizmo ready: Select the SIMULATION tab, and click Reset.Question: What are the parts of the water cycle?Collect data: Create two water cycles using the Gizmo. Each cycle should have at least four steps and should begin and end at the same location. Choose any starting point from the list on the right. When the cycle is complete, choose the PATH tab and write the steps below. 64) cycle 1 - 65) cycle 2 –66) Analyze: Use the information presented in the Gizmo to answer the following questions. (11 pts.)What percentage of Earth’s water can be found in soil? _________What percentage of Earth’s water is stored in ice and snow? _________What percentage of Earth’s fresh water is stored in ice and snow? _____What percentage of Earth’s water is found in lakes? _________What is transpiration? (Hint: Click the Vegetation button.) What human activity uses the most water worldwide? What human activity uses the most water in the United States? What organisms break down chemical wastes in a treatment plant? What is an aquifer? What is a reservoir? In what ways can runoff be a problem? 67) Practice: Fill in the process that causes each transition. Your choices are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, melting, and freezing. (5 pts.)Ocean Atmosphere Atmosphere CloudsCloud SnowGlacier (river of ice) RiverCloud Soil ................
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