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World War II and Early Cold War District

Skills Assessment Review Guide

1) (a) Based on the following documents and your prior knowledge, explain why much of the U.S. population was against/opposed getting involved in WW2. (b)What is it called when you want your nation to stay out of foreign affairs?

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2. How do the following events and douments help to explain how and why the U.S. moved away from neutrality towards intervention/involvement in WWII?

August 1935 - Neutrality Act (excerpt from):

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between, or among, two or more foreign states, the President shall proclaim such fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms, ammunition, or implements of war from any place in the United States, or possessions of the United States, to any port of such belligerent states, or to any neutral port for transshipment to, or for the use of, a belligerent country.

October 1935 – July 1940 – March 1940 -

Italian Invasion of Ethiopia U.S. Embargo against Japan Lend-Lease Act passed

[pic] [pic] December 1941 –

Japan attacks Pearl

Harbor

3. Place the following statements regarding the interment of Japanese-Americans through Executive Order 9066 in the

correct column. Each statement has been given a letter.

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(A) The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states: No person shall…be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law….

(B) Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution gives the President the power as commander in chief of the military. Commanding the military

includes issuing orders as necessary to help the military carry out its duties to protect the nation.

(C) The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution states: No State shall…deny to any person within its Jurisdiction [area of control] the equal

protection of the laws.

(D) German Americans and Italian Americans were treated differently from the Japanese during World War II; they were not gathered up en

masse (as a whole) without hearing or evidence as the Japanese were.

(E) No Japanese or Japanese American had been accused of or convicted for espionage or sabotage in the months between the attack on Pearl

Harbor and the beginning of internment.

(F) Approximately 5,000 American citizens of Japanese ancestry refused to swear unqualified allegiance [devotion] to the United States and to

renounce (give up) allegiance (support) to the Japanese Emperor.

4. Complete the following charts below. Use prior knowledge and the included documents, to complete the items. Include specific details.

(A)

|Social Group |Before World War II |During World War II |

| | | |

|African -Americans | | |

| | | |

|Women | | |

(B)

|American Bombing Strategy |At the Start of WWII |By the End of WWII |

| | | |

| | | |

|Description of | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Reason(s) for | | |

c) Which of the following had more deaths during World War I:

military/soldiers or civilians?

Which of the following had more deaths during World War II:

military/soldiers or civilians?

5. Place the following statements in the correct colunm regarding the arguments for and against using the atomic bombs.

Each statement has been given a letter.

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(a) The Japanese had demonstrated near-fanatical resistance, fighting to almost the last man on Pacific islands, committing mass suicide on Saipan and unleashing kamikaze attacks at Okinawa. Fire-bombing had killed 100,000 in Tokyo with no discernible political effect. Only the atomic bomb could jolt Japan's leadership to surrender.

(b) Japan was ready to call it quits anyway. More than 60 of its cities had been destroyed by conventional bombing, the home islands were being blockaded by the American Navy, and the Soviet Union entered the war by attacking Japanese troops in Manchuria.

(c) With only two bombs ready (and a third on the way by late August 1945) it was too risky to "waste" one in a demonstration over an unpopulated area.

(d) An invasion of Japan would have caused casualties on both sides that could easily have exceeded the toll at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

(e) American refusal to modify its "unconditional surrender" demand to allow the Japanese to keep their emperor needlessly prolonged Japan's resistance.

(f) A demonstration explosion over Tokyo harbor would have convinced Japan's leaders to quit without killing many people.

(g) Even if Hiroshima was necessary, the U.S. did not give enough time for word to filter out of its devastation before bombing Nagasaki.

(h) The two targeted cities would have been firebombed anyway.

(i) The bomb was used partly to justify the $2 billion spent on its development.

(j) Immediate use of the bomb convinced the world of its horror and prevented future use when nuclear stockpiles were far larger.

(k) The two cities were of limited military value. Civilians outnumbered troops in Hiroshima five or six to one.

(l) The bomb's use impressed the Soviet Union and halted the war quickly enough that the USSR did not demand joint occupation of Japan.

QUESTION: HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE U.S.’ USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB AGAINST JAPAN? WAS IT NECESSARY? JUSTIFIED? MORAL?

6. Using the following documents, explain how the ending of WWII affected the relationship between the U.S. and the

Soviet Union. Cite a specific example/event from class to support your claims.

“Although relations with the Soviet Union were already strained, Roosevelt’s death and the beginning of Truman’s presidency brought new tensions to the relationship. Russia’s traditional paranoia led to the establishment of a communist satellite buffer zone around the USSR. The spread of communism into Asian and South American countries fueled anticommunist feelings in the United States and added to the pressure for increased buildup of defensive (military) forces.” ()

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7. The contents of George Kennan’s “Long Telegram” expressed the concept of “containment”, which became the basis of U.S. foregin policy for the next several decades.

Take one of the following events/concepts, provide a brief description of the event’s/concept’s background, and then explain how it connects to the concept of “containment”.

- Berlin Airlift - Korean War - Marshall Plan

- Turkey and Greece - Chinese Civil War - NATO

8. Based upon your prior knowledge and the documents below, explain how McCarthyism affected the civil

liberties/rights of Americans.

Note: The sheet of torn paper says

“Bill of Rights”. He is stepping

on the Constitution.

[pic] [pic] [pic]

9. Take the following descriptions and place them in the appropriate column.

- capitalist

-total censorship

-“survival of the fittest”

- richest world power

- no elections or “fixed/rigged” elections

- personal freedom

- everybody helps everybody

-autocratic/dictatorship

- freedom of the media

- communist

- democratic

- society controlled by secret police

- poor economic base

- free elections

U.S. Soviet Union

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World War I Casualties

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