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Alliances Kick In Packet #6

S. Gerhardt Global II

DO NOW:

1. Which event is considered the immediate cause

of World War I?

(1) signing of the Treaty of Versailles

(2) invasion of Poland by Germany

(3) assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

(4) use of unrestricted submarine warfare by

Germany

2. Which area of Europe was known as the “Powder Keg” of Europe prior to the outbreak of World War I?

1) A

2) B

3) C

4) D

3. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

was the immediate cause of

(1) the Franco-Prussian War

(2) the Russo-Japanese War

(3) World War I

(4) World War II

World War I Alliances

|Allies |Central Powers |Neutral Nations |

|Great Britain |Germany |Switzerland |

|France |Austria-Hungary |Denmark |

|Italy |Bulgaria |Norway |

|Greece |Ottoman Empire |Sweden |

|Serbia | |Spain |

|Russia | | |

|Belgium | | |

[pic] Alliances Kick In [pic]

Reasons for Entering the War, July-August 1914

|Country |Allied With |Reasons for Entering the War |

|Austria-Hungary |Germany |Wanted to punish Serbia for their terrorist|

| | |act |

|Germany |Austria-Hungary |Stood by its one dependable ally, |

| | |Austria-Hungary |

|Serbia |Russia |Attacked by Austria-Hungary after |

| | |assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand |

|Russia |Serbia, France and Britain |Wanted to defend the people of Serbia |

|France |Russia and Britain |Wanted to avoid facing Germany alone at a |

| | |later date |

|Belgium |Neutral |Invaded by Germany |

|Britain |France and Russia |Outraged by the invasion of Belgium |

NOTES:

|Essential Questions |Notes |

| | |

| |Stalemate on the Western Front |

| |As the war began, German forces marched through Belgium in order to get to Paris |

| |German General Alfred von Schlieffen (Schlieffen Plan) designed a plan to avoid fighting a |

| |two front war with France and Russia |

| |Schlieffen Plan: Germany had to move against and defeat France first because Russia’s military|

| |would be slow to mobilize. After defeating France they could send their armies to the eastern |

| |front to fight Russia. |

| | |

| |Schlieffen Plan Fails Germany |

| | |

| |Russia’s army mobilized much quicker than expected |

| |German generals shifted troops from the western front to the eastern front |

| |At the first battle, Battle of the Marne, British and French troops pushed Germany back along |

| |the Marne River. |

| |The Battle of the Marne ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory on the Western Front. |

| | |

| |Russian Losses on the Eastern Front |

| | |

| |August of 1914, Russian armies pushed into eastern Germany. Then the Russians suffered a |

| |disastrous defeat at Tannenberg causing them to retreat back into Russia |

| |Russia was the least industrialized out of all of the great powers |

| |Russia was poorly equipped to fight a modern war – some troops lacked rifles |

| |Despite their unpreparedness Russian commanders still sent masses of soldiers into combat |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |ALMOST DONE…… TURN OVER! ( |

| | |

| |War & the Colonies |

| | |

| |European colonies were also drawn into the war |

| |The Allies turned to their colonies for troops, laborers and supplies |

| |Colonial recruits from British and French West Africa fought on European battlefields. |

| |People in the colonies had mixed feelings about serving. Some were reluctant to serve for |

| |rulers who had treated them unfairly. Other colonial troops volunteered eagerly. They expected|

| |that their service would be a step towards citizenship or independence. |

WRAP-UP & REVIEW: Read the following passages and we will discuss them as a class

“Dead bodies littered the surrounding land, a constant reminder to the soldiers of their own mortality. Continuous artillery fire was heard from both sides of the trenches. This indecent noise was enough to drive anybody mad, which indeed it did. Often called 'shellshock'… the constant firing and banging of the artillery shells caused some men to go a bit loopy, and resulted in them being unable to go 'over the top'.

Bombardment, barrage, curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks, machine-guns, hand-grenades -- words, words, words, but they hold the horror of the world.

~ From All Quiet on the Western Front

“Mustard Gas was first used by the German Army in September 1917. It was one of the most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war. It was almost odorless and took twelve hours to take effect…

The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas poisoning. One nurse, Vera Brittain, wrote: ‘I wish those people who talk about going on with this war whatever it costs could see the soldiers suffering from mustard gas poisoning. Great mustard-colored blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke.’”

(Courtesy of Ms. Napp)

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