Www.drcink.net



Human Anatomy

Outline 7 part 3 – muscle origins, insertions, and actions

Additional Terminology-

• Retinaculum – region in which tendon groups from different muscles pass under one connective tissue band. Wrist retinacula include the flexor and extensor retinacula of the hand

• Ramus- An arm or a branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubis or of the jawbone

Extensor carpi radialis longus – CAR pye RAY dee AL iss

• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of _______________

• Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

• Action: Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis – BREV iss

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: _____________ of metacarpal III

• Action: Extends wrist; aids in radial flexion of wrist

Pronator teres – PRO nay tur TERR eez

• Origin: Humeral shaft near medial epicondyle; coronoid process of ulna

• Insertion: Lateral surface of ________________ shaft

• Action: Assists pronator quadratus in pronation, but only in rapid or forceful action; weakly flexes elbow

Flexor carpi radialis –

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of metacarpals II-III

• Action: _______________ wrist anteriorly; aids in radial flexion of wrist

Palmaris longus – pal MERR is

• Origin: ________________ epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Flexor retinaculum, palmer aponeurosis

• Action: Anchors skin and fascia of palmar region; resists shearing forces when stress is applied to skin

Flexor carpi ulnaris– FLEX ur CAR pye ul NAY ris

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial margin of olecranon; posterior surface of ulna

• Insertion: ___________________; hamate; metacarpal V

• Action: Flexes wrist anteriorly; aids in flexion of wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis– DIDJ ih TOE rum SOO per FISH ee AY lis

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar colaterial ligament; coronoid process; superior half of radius

• Insertion: Middle phalanges II-V

• Action: Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and _______________________ joints, depending on action of other muscles

Flexor digitorum profundus–

• Origin: Proximal three-quarters of ulna; coronoid process; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Distal phalanges II-V

• Action: Flexes wrist, ____________________________, and interphalangeal joints, depending on action of other muscles

Flexor Pollicis Longus– PAHL ih sis

• Origin: Radius; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Distal phalanx I

• Action: Flexes phalanges of _________________

Pronator Quadratus- PRO nay tur quad RAY tus

• Origin: Anterior surface of distal ______________

• Insertion: Anterior surface of distal radius

• Action: Prime mover of forearm pronation; also resists separation of radius and ulna when force is applied to forearm through wrist

Extensor Digitorum Communis-

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Dorsal surfaces of phalanges II-V

• Action: _________________ wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints, tends to spread fingers apart when extending metacarpophalangeal joints

Extensor digiti minimi- DIDJ ih ty MIN ih my

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx of _____

• Action: Extends wrist and all joints of little finger

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris-

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulnar shaft

• Insertion: Base of metacarpal V

• Action: __________________ and fixes wrist when fist is clenched or hand grips an object; aids in ulnar flexion of wrist

Supinator- SOO pih NAY tur

• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of ___________________, supinator crest and fossa of ulna just distal to radial notch; anular and radial collateral ligaments of elbow

o Anular ligament – fibers that encircle the head of the radius

o Radial collateral ligament- triangular ligamentous structure on the lateral side of the elbow

• Insertion: Radial one-third of radius

• Action: Supinates forearm, as in turning a doorknob

Abductor Pollicis Longus- PAHL iss is

• Origin: Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Trapezium; base of metacarpal I

• Action: _________________ thumb; extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Extensor Pollicis Longus- PAHL iss is

• Origin: Posterior surface of ulna; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: _____________ phalanx I

• Action: Extends distal phalanx I; aids in extending phalanx I and metacarpal I; adducts and laterally rotates thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis-

• Origin: Flexor retinaculum; also _________________, trapezium

• Insertion: Radial one-third of radius

• Action: Supinates forearm, as in turning a doorknob

Opponens pollicis- op PO nenz

• Origin: Trapezium; flexor retinaculum

• Insertion: _______________________ I

• Action: Flexes metacarpal I to oppose thumb to fingertips

Flexor pollicis brevis-

• Origin: ___________________; trapezoid; capitate; anterior ligaments of wrist; flexor retinaculum

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx I

• Action: Flexes metacarpal I to oppose thumb to fingertips

Abductor digiti minimi-

• Origin: Pisiform; tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

• Insertion: Medial surface of proximal phalanx V

• Action: Abducts little ___________________, as in spreading fingers apart

Adductor Pollicis-

• Origin: Capitate; bases of metacarpals II-III; anterior ligaments of wrist; tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis

• Insertion: Medial surface of proximal phalanx I

• Action: Draws thumb toward ________________

Dorsal Interossei-

• Origin: Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metacarpals

• Insertion: Proximal phalanges

• Action: __________________ from axis of middle finger; flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints

Gluteus Maximus-

• Origin: Posterior _______________ line of ilium, on posterolateral surface from iliac crest to posterior superior spine; coccyx; posterior surface of lower sacrum

• Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur; lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract

• Action: Extends thigh at hip as in stair climbing or running and walking. Abducts thigh; elevates trunk after stooping; extends waist after bending forward

Gluteus Medius-

• Origin: Most of lateral surface of ilium between crest and acetabulum

• Insertion: Greater ______________________ of femur

• Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; during walking, shift weight of trunk toward limb with foot on the ground as other foot is lifted

Piriformis- PIR ih FOR mis

• Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum; gluteal surface of ilium; capsule of sacroiliac joint

• Insertion: Greater trochanter

• Action: Laterally rotates extended thigh; __________________ flexed thigh

Gemellus superior- jeh MEL us

• Origin: Ischial spine

• Insertion: Greater trochanter

• Action: ___________________ rotates extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh

Obturator Internus- OB too RAY tur

• Origin: Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane

• Insertion: ________________ trochanter

• Action: Thought to laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Gemellus inferior-

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Greater trochanter

• Action: _____________________ rotates extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh

Quadratus femoris- quad RAY tus FEM oh ris

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity of _________________ (textbook says femur)

• Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest

• Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Tensor faciae latae- TEN sur FASH ee ee LAY tee

• Origin: Iliac crest; anterior ________________ spine; deep surface of fascia lata

• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract

• Action: Extends knee, laterally rotates tibia, aids in abduction and medial rotation of femur; during standing, steadies pelvis on femoral head and steadies femoral condyles on tibia

Sartorius-

• Origin: On and near anterior superior spine of ilium

• Insertion: Medial surface of proximal end of ___________________

• Action: Aids in knee and hip flexion, as in sitting or climbing; abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Vastus medialis-

• Origin: Femur at intertrochanteric line; spiral line; linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line

• Insertion: _______________; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia

• Action: Extends knee; retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements

Vastus lateralis-

• Origin: Femur at greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, and line aspera

• Insertion: ______________; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia

• Action: Extends knee; retains patella in groove on femur during knee movements

Rectus Femoris- FEM oh ris

• Origin: Ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum; capsule of hip joint

• Insertion: Patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia

• Action: Extends the ___________, as in kicking a ball or rising from a chair

Vastus Intermedius-

• Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft

• Insertion: _________________; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia

• Action: Extends the knee

Gracilis- GRASS ih lis

• Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium

• Insertion: ______________________ surface of tibia just below condyle

• Action: Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee

Adductor Longus-

• Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

• Insertion: Linea ___________________ of femur

• Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip

Adductor Magnus-

• Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis; ramus and tuberosity of ischium

• Insertion: Linea aspera; gluteal tuberosity, and medial supracondylar line of femur

• Action: Adducts and medially rotates ________________; extends thigh at hip

Semitendinosus- SEM ee TEN din OH sus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial surface of upper tibia

• Action: Flexes _________________; medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; medially rotates femur when hip is extended

Biceps Femoris-

• Origin: Long head: Ischial tuberosity; Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

• Insertion: Head of __________________

• Action: Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk from stooping posture; laterally rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; laterally rotates femur when hip is extended

Psoas Major- SO ass

• Origin: Bodies and intervertebral discs of vertebrae T12-L5; __________________ processes of lumbar vertebrae

• Insertion: Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur

• Action: Flexes thigh at hip when trunk is flexed, as in stair climbing; flexes trunk at hip when thigh is fixed, as in bending forward in a chair or sitting up in bed; balances trunk during sitting

Iliacus- ih LY uh cus

• Origin: Iliac crest and fossa; superolateral region of sacrum; anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments

• Insertion: Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of ___________________

• Action: Flexes thigh at hip when trunk is flexed, as in stair climbing; flexes trunk at hip when thigh is fixed, as in bending forward in a chair or sitting up in bed; balances trunk during sitting

Tibialis Anterior- TIB ee AY lis

• Origin: Lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal half of tibia; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Medial _______________________; metatarsal I

• Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot; resists backward tipping of body

Extensor Digitorum Longus- DIDJ ih TOE rum

• Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; shaft of fibula; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges II-V

• Action: Extends ______________; dorsiflexes foot; tautens plantar aponeurosis

Peroneus Longus-

• Origin: Head and lateral surface of proximal two-thirds of fibula

• Insertion: Medial cuneiform; metatarsal I

• Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing; _____________ and plantar flexes foot

Peroneus Brevis-

• Origin: Lateral surface of distal two-thirds of __________________

• Insertion: Base of metatarsal V

• Action: Maintains concavity of sole during toe-off and tiptoeing

Gastrocnemius- GAS trock NEE me us

• Origin: Condyles and popliteal surface of femur; lateral supracondylar line; capsule of knee joint

• Insertion: Calcaneus

• Action: ___________________ flexes foot; flexes knee; active in walking, running, and jumping

Soleus- SO lee us

• Origin: Posterior surface of head and proximal one-fourth of fibula; middle one-third of fibula; middle one-third of tibia; interosseous membrane

• Insertion: _______________________

• Action: Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on ankle during standing

Popliteus- pop LIT ee us

• Origin: Lateral condyle of femur; lateral meniscus and joint capsule

• Insertion: Posterior surface of upper tibia

• Action: Rotates ________________ medially on femur if femur is fixed, or rotates femur laterally on tibia if tibia is fixed; unlocks to allow flexion

Flexor digitorum longus-

• Origin: ____________________ surface of tibial shaft

• Insertion: Distal phalanges II-V

• Action: Flexes phalanges of digits II-V as foot is raised from ground; stabilizes metatarsal heads and keeps distal pads of toes in contact with ground in toe-off and tiptoe movements

Flexor hallucis longus- ha LOO sis

• Origin: Inferior two-thirds of fibula and interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Distal phalanx I

• Action: Flexes phalanges of _______________ toe, stabilizes 1st metatarsal and keeps pad of first toe in contact with ground

Tibialis posterior-

• Origin: Posterior surface of proximal half of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

• Insertion: __________________, medial cuneiform, metatarsals II-IV

• Action: Inverts foot; may assist in plantar flexion or control pronation of foot during walking

Extensor hallucis longus-

• Origin: ___________________ surface of middle of fibula, interosseous membrane

• Insertion: Distal phalanx I

• Action: Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot

Extensor digitorum brevis-

• Origin: _________________; inferior extensor retinaculum of ankle

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx I; tendons of extensor digitorum longus to middle and distal phalanges II-IV

• Action: Extends proximal phalanx I and all phalanges of digits II-IV

Abductor digiti minimi-

• Origin: Calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx V

• Action: Abducts and flexes ______________ toe; supports arches of foot

Flexor digitorum brevis-

• Origin: Calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis

• Insertion: ________________ phalanges II-V

• Action: Flexes digits II-IV; supports arches of foot

Abductor Hallucis-

• Origin: Calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; flexor retinaculum

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx I

• Action: _________________ great toe; supports arches of foot

Flexor Hallucis Brevis-

• Origin: Cuboid; lateral ______________________; tibialis posterior tendon

• Insertion: Proximal phalanx I

• Action: Flexes great toe

Lumbricals- LUM brih culs

• Origin: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

• Insertion: Proximal phalanges II-V

• Action: Flexes toes II-V

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis-

• Origin: Metatarsal V; sheath of peroneus longus

• Insertion: __________________ phalanx V

• Action: Flexes little toe

Dorsal Interossei-

• Origin: Each with two heads arising from facing surfaces of two adjacent metatarsals

• Insertion: ______________________ phalanges II-IV

• Action: Abduct toes II-IV

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download