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Chapter 7 Guiding Questions (If pictures are missing, sketch with provided information)(60 points)Name:Period:IntroductionGive two ways that light can affect a plant’s functioning.Define Photosynthesis and give the Balanced Equation.Module 7.1Why are plants considered autotrophs?Why are autotrophs so important?What does it mean they make organic materials from very simple raw materials? Module 7.2Where in a plant cell is water and carbon dioxide synthesized to make sugar?Diagram this location below and label all pertinent parts. (In effect draw a leaf and all related layers and structures.)(5 pts.) Write the overall equation for photosynthesis in the boxes below. Show the substances used on the left, and those produced on the right. Use different COLORS for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in carbon dioxide, oxygen in water, and then use your color code to show where atoms of C, H, and O on the left end up in products on the right. On the lines under the substances used, state which is oxidized and which is reduced. (5 points)Module 7.3Explain how Jan Ingenhousz figured out where the O2 waste from plants came from. Use the diagram to aid your explanation. Module 7.4 (REVIEW)Compare and Contrast redox reactions in Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (4 pts.)Module 7.5Give a brief summary of the two stages in photosynthesis.What is the ultimate goal of photosynthesis?Label the diagram summarizing the two stages of photosynthesis. Include outer membrane of chloroplast, thylakoids, granum, stroma, light reactions, Calvin cycle, light, water, oxygen, electrons, NADPH, ATP, carbon dioxide, sugar, ADP+P, and NADP+. (7 points)Refer to the equations and diagrams in the modules to match each of the phrases on the left with one of the ingredients or products of photosynthesis listed on the right (9 points) Module 7.6Why do we see green when we look at a leaf? How are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids involved?Which pigment directly participates in light reactions?Module 7.7Describe a photosystem’s components and functions. (Figure 7.7C, p. 115). Label the drawing below and explain each term and how they interact (5 pts.)What is a photon?How are Photosystems I and II different?Module 7.8What are the key events in the light reactions of photosynthesis? Label them on the diagram below AND in your own words describe the process (5 pts.) (Figure 7.8, p.116)Where do electrons for P.S. I come from? (1 pt.)Where do electrons for P.S. II come from? (1 pt.)What are the products of the light reactions and where do they go?Module 7.9Describe how chemiosmosis in photosynthesis works (Figure 7.9, p. 117)2787015-265176000What are some similarities between chemiosmosis in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?What is photophosphorylation?Module 7.10What molecules power the Calvin cycle and where do they come from?In order to make one glucose molecule, the Calvin cycle uses how many molecules each of CO2, ATP, and NADPH? (Hint: See Figure 7.10B, remember that G3P is only HALF of one glucose molecule.)Describe the 4 steps of Calvin cycle in your own words (4 pts.)Module 7.11What are the sugars made by photosynthesis used for?To review photosynthesis, fill in the blanks in the following story. (20 points) The next time you eat an apple, reflect on the apple tree’s ability to make the sugars it contains, using sunlight to assemble simple substances from air and soil. This process is called ____________________, and it takes place in structures called _________________ in cells of tissues called the _____________________ inside the leaves of the apple tree. Photosynthesis actually consists of two processes: In the __________________ reactions, __________________ molecules in membranes called _________________ in the chloroplast capture light energy. In the _________________ cycle, which takes place in the _________________ surrounding the thylakoids, this energy is used to make sugar, a process called _________________ fixation. Chlorophyll molecules absorb ________________, packets of light energy. Chlorophyll absorbs only certain wavelengths, or colors, of light, mainly in the _______________ and ________________ parts of the spectrum. It reflects _________________ light. Other pigments, such as ___________________, can absorb colors that chlorophyll cannot use directly, and transfer this energy to chlorophyll. Chlorophyll and other pigments are clustered on the thylakoid membranes in groups called photosystems. All the pigment molecules in a photosystem pass their energy along to a single chlorophyll molecule, called the __________, in the middle of the photosystem. There are two kinds of photosystems, photosystem I and photosystem II, which absorb slightly different colors of light. Most bacteria, and all __________________ and algae power the production of _________________ through a process that starts when photons energize a chlorophyll molecule in photosystem I. This raises the chlorophyll’s _____________ to an excited state. The excited electrons are passed to the chlorophyll at the reaction center, which passes them to a protein called the ______________. From here, the electrons travel along an ____________ chain and end up as high-energy electrons in a molecule called _________________. In the cells in the leaves of an apple tree, photosystem II replaces the electrons lost by photosystem I. A chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II absorbs _____________ and ejects ____________. These pass to a primary electron acceptor and on to an electron transport chain. The electrons pass down the chain and eventually end up replacing the electrons lost by the chlorophyll of _____________. On their way down the electron transport chain, the electrons perform important work. One of the electron carriers in the chain uses the energy released by the electrons to transport ____________ ions from the __________ into the space inside the _______________. This creates a buildup of H+ ions, a concentration _______________ of H+ across the membrane. The H+ ions then diffuse through the membrane via a protein complex called ________________, which captures their energy to make ________________. In photosynthesis, this chemiosmotic production of ATP is called __________________. How does photosystem II replace its lost electrons? It gets them by splitting ___________. When electrons of photosystem II are jarred loose, the reaction center develops a strong attraction for electrons. It obtains them by breaking apart a molecule of _______________. This leaves two H+ ions (which pass into the thylakoid space) and an _____________ atom. This atom combines with another from another water molecule to form a molecule of ___________ gas, which diffuses out of the leaf – a product of photosynthesis important to us and other animals. At this point, the cells of the apple leaf have captured the energy of the sun in molecules of NADPH and ATP, but so far they have made no sugar. The NADPH and ATP are used, and sugar is made, in the _________________ cycle, the second portion of _______________ that takes place in the ________________ of the chloroplast, around the thylakoids. Using carbon from ___________ obtained from the air, energy from ________________, and hydrogen and high-energy electrons carried by _______________, the enzymes of the Calvin cycle construct ____________, a high-energy sugar molecule. In a series of steps, these molecules are combined to form the important six-carbon sugar _____________ and other organic compounds, in the leaves and in other parts of the plant.Module 7.13What is the greenhouse effect?How do plants counteract global warming?STUDY GUIDE = 40 M.C. questionsKnow the SPECIFIC locations of light reaction, ETC (photosynthesis), Calvin, ATP synthase, photolysis (2)Apply redox reactions to all stages of photosythesis in regards to all reactants and products.Non cyclic electron flow results in the following product(s).In light reaction, know for each photosystem where replacement electrons come from.In light reaction, where do electrons have their hightest potential.During chemiosmosis, understand what directions H+’s go (location wise) and everything associated (3)Depending on number of CO2 entering, how many Calvin cycles required to produce one glucose.Under relationship to reactants and products during each step of Calvin cycle (2)Difference between chemiosmosis in Photosynthesis vs. CR (2)Role of rubiscoDifference between final electron acceptors in Photosynthesis vs. CRExplain carbon fixation in Calvin CycleWhy are leaves are greenReactants and products of photosynthesis, and understanding what is goal vs what is wasteKnow events of light reactions, in terms of reactants and products (3)In the photosynthesis equation, understand where all the elements go from reactant to product and the actual equation (3)Compare the main differences between Photosynthesis and CRRecognize structures inside a chloroplast and purpose (3)Role of antenna molecules and reaction center (2)What does the color of light have to do in regards to photosynthesis. Explain the pretty colors of leaves in the fall seasonCompare reaction centers in PS I and PS IIWhat is the actual purpose of light. ................
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