The Bidayuh Language Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

DigitalResources

SIL eBook 33

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The Bidayuh Language Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

Revised and Expanded

Calvin R. Rensch Carolyn M. Rensch Jonas Noeb Robert Sulis Ridu

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The Bidayuh Language Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

Revised and Expanded

Calvin R. Rensch, Carolyn M. Rensch, Jonas Noeb and Robert Sulis Ridu

SIL International? 2012

ii SIL e-Books

33 ?2012 SIL International? ISBN: 978-1-55671-295-1

ISSN: 1934-2470

Fair-Use Policy: Books published in the SIL e-Books (SILEB) series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes free of charge (within fair-use guidelines) and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s).

Editor-in-Chief Mike Cahill

Volume Editor George Huttar Managing Editor Bonnie Brown Compositor Lois Gourley

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Contents

Foreword by Y. B. Datuk Michael Manyin Preface to the Revised and Expanded Edition

Part I Language Development in Bidayuh:

Past, Present and Future

1 Who are the Bidayuh? 1.1 The origins and character of the Bidayuh 1.2 Classifications of the Bidayuh, past and present 1.2.1 By location 1.2.2 By cultural characteristics--as Land Dayaks 1.2.3 The process of Bidayuh self-identification

2 Language development before 1963 2.1 The setting 2.2 Wordlists, dictionaries and other research 2.3 Christian materials 2.4 Education 2.4.1 During the Brooke regime (1841?1941) 2.4.2 During British colonial rule (1946?1963)

3 Language development after 1963 3.1 The Borneo Literature Bureau 3.2 The Bidayuh?English Dictionary 3.3 Radio Sarawak / RTM 3.4 Bidayuh singers 3.5 Majlis Adat Istiadat Sarawak 3.6 The Sarawak Gazette and Sarawak Museum Journal 3.7 Oral Traditions project 3.8 Continuing activities of the churches

4 Recent efforts to develop the Bidayuh language 4.1 Causes for concern 4.2 Efforts towards language unity and language development

5 The Bidayuh Language Development Project 5.1 Project goals 5.2 Some project objectives 5.3 Project activities 5.3.1 Linguistic research and presentation of findings

iv 5.3.2 A unified Bidayuh orthography 5.3.3 Learning that LASTS (training methodology) 5.3.4 Writers' workshops 5.3.5 Curriculum development 5.3.6 Dictionary workshops 6 Dreams for the future 6.1 Bidayuh Language Foundation 6.2 Bidayuh language taught in school as a subject 7 Concluding remarks 8 Addendum -- Events since 2005 8.1 Multilingual Education (MLE) 8.2 Materials development workshops 8.3 Playschools and kindergartens 8.4 The next step for Bidayuh MLE 8.5 Picture Dictionaries 8.6 Wordlist project 8.7 Bidayuh Language Online Project

Part II Nasality in Bidayuh Phonology

1 Introduction 2 Nasality 3 Sounds of Bidayuh

3.1 Chart of Bidayuh phonemes 3.2 Further explanation about specific phonemes

3.2.1 All Bidayuh dialects have a voiceless palatal fricative, /s/ 3.2.2 Most Bidayuh dialects have only one liquid 3.2.3 The semivowels (or glides), /w/ and /y/, have limited distribution 3.2.4 There are two laryngeal phonemes, // (glottal stop) and /h/ (glottal fricative) 3.2.5 The voiceless velar stop 3.2.6 The central vowel 3.3 Vowel dynamic 3.3.1 Vowel length in the ultima 3.3.2 Rearticulated vowels 3.3.3 Full vs. reduced penult vowels 3.4 Symbolization conventions 3.4.1 Types of brackets 3.4.2 Symbolization of canonical shapes (phonological constructs) 3.4.3 Symbolization of phonetic features of sounds

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