Chapter 30



Chapter 30

PP. 788-818

The Affluent Society

1. The mood of the American people during the 1950s was shaped by

A) concern over the need for civil rights and the lack of social justice

B) problems of the inner-city poor and concern with the environment

C) booming national prosperity and the continuing struggle against the expansion of communism

D) a declining birth rate and the growth in the number of Social Security recipients

E) a belief that communism was no longer a viable threat

Page: 789

2. The prosperity of the “golden age” of the 1950s helped blind many Americans to the fact that

A) unemployment hovered between 15 and 20 percent

B) more than 30 million Americans continued to live in poverty

C) inflation was often over 10 percent a year

D) the gross national product grew less than 20 percent between 1945 and 1960

E) the American dollar was becoming devalued

Page: 789

3. During the period 1945 to 1960, the American people’s standard of living

A) declined slightly

B) remained about the same

C) increased moderately

D) increased substantially

E) declined dramatically

Page: 790

4. The New Economics of the 1950s and 1960s held that the government should use the economic tool of

A) lowering interest rates to prevent inflation

B) reducing government budgets to cure recessions

C) cutting taxes to stimulate growth

D) easing credit availability to slow down booms

E) subsidizing small businesses with large amounts of capital

Page: 791

5. Effects of the launching of Sputnik included

A) protests about excessive government spending

B) the growth of the antiwar movement

C) a loss of credibility for the scientists of the Soviet Union

D) tax cuts that were meant to stimulate a faltering economy

E) calls for more funding for science education in America

Page: 797

6. A consumer culture appeared in the 1950s because of all of the following developments except

A) the creation of credit cards and easy payment plans

B) an increased ability of advertisers to create demand for new products

C) the connection between television and the marketing of new goods

D) a considerable drop in the prices of consumer goods

E) the appearance of new and varied products

Page: 798

7. By the late 1950s, television

A) helped relieve social tensions by allowing those unable to share in the affluence of their neighbors to feel a part of that life through popular shows

B) reached only a small portion of the population because most people could not afford a set

C) portrayed lifestyles that did not fit the idealized image of the suburban norm as threatening and unnatural

D) replaced radio, newspapers, and magazines as the most important vehicle of information

E) failed to provide shows that reflected the role of family

Page: 802-803

8. A group of young poets, writers, and artists who were critical of middle-class society were called either

A) hipsters or hippies

B) beats or beatniks

C) antis or antisocials

D) yups or yuppies

E) howls or howlers

Page: 805-806

9. During the Eisenhower administration, most governmental advances in civil rights came from the

A) judicial branch

B) executive branch

C) House of Representatives

D) Senate

E) state governments

Page: 809-810

10. More than 100 southern members of Congress signed a “Manifesto” of 1956 in response

A) to Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus’s refusal to allow black students to enter Little Rock’s Central High School

B) to the Montgomery bus boycott

C) to the Brown decision

D) to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

E) to Harry Truman’s desegregation order for the American military

Page: 810

11. The term “massive resistance” was a slogan and policy most closely associated with

A) John Foster Dulles and his new policy concerning communism

B) Thurgood Marshall and support for the Brown decision

C) Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

D) southern opposition to the Brown decision

E) Rosa Parks and her decision not to give up her bus seat

Page: 810

12. Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus’s refusal to allow black students to enter Little Rock’s Central High School led to

A) race riots by African-American throughout Arkansas

B) President Eisenhower federalizing national guard troops to insure order and integrate the school

C) George Wallace calling up the national guard

D) the resignation of the superintendent of Little Rock schools

E) entry of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s into Little Rock

Page: 810-811

13. The final outcome of the bus boycott triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks was that the bus line

A) was desegregated because a reformist governor was elected in Alabama

B) remained segregated because the Ku Klux Klan intimidated black citizens

C) remained segregated because the city government forced black riders to end the boycott

D) remained segregated because the bus company had enough financial resources to outlast the boycott

E) was desegregated because the Supreme Court declared segregation on public transportation illegal

Page: 811

14. The most significant accomplishment of the Montgomery boycott was that it led to

A) immediate victory over segregation laws concerning public transportation

B) the elevation of Martin Luther King, Jr., to prominence as a civil rights leader

C) the creation of the NAACP

D) most Southern whites accepting desegregation with no further resistance

E) President Eisenhower’s decision to seek a voting rights act

Page: 811

15. Among the causes of the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s were all of the following factors except

A) the Republican president had decided that the time was right for major advances in civil rights

B) a large and strong black middle class had developed by that time

C) television had allowed many blacks to see what racism was depriving them of

D) millions of blacks had learned much about the world by serving in World War II

E) African-Americans were inspired by Jackie Robinson’s baseball success

Page: 811–812

16. Eisenhower’s secretary of state, John Foster Dulles

A) continued to support the Truman administration’s containment policy

B) announced anew policy of “massive retaliation,” threatening the use of nuclear weapons to counter communist aggression

C) did not want the United States to become involved in foreign alliances

D) proposed a series of summit meetings between Eisenhower and Soviet leaders to improve relations between the two nations

E) supported a return to traditional isolationism rather than internationalism

Page: 813–814

17. The United States began its expanded presence in Vietnam when it

A) sent armed forces into that country during World War II to push out the Japanese

B) sent military aid to Ho Chi Minh in his struggle against the French

C) intervened militarily to rescue French forces besieged at Dienbienphu

D) allowed the French to be forced out of Vietnam and then gradually began to fill the void left by their absence.

E) broke off relations with the government of South Vietnam

Page: 815

18. The Eisenhower administration’s Cold War policies included all of the following except

A) the landing of marines at Beirut to protect the existing regime from a possible coup

B) support for the British and French invasion of the Suez

C) the severing of diplomatic relations with Cuba

D) the use of the CIA to help stage a coup to overthrow the nationalist prime minister of Iran and replace him with a pro-American leader

E) the withdrawal of offers to Egypt to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile as punishment for that government’s friendliness toward the Soviet Union

Page: 815–816

19. When the Soviet Union shot down a U-2 aircraft over its country, the incident

A) gave Nikita. Khrushchev the pretext he needed to break off the Paris summit discussions concerning Berlin

B) proved to Washington that the Soviets were willing to shoot down unarmed passenger aircraft

C) provided evidence of the superiority of United States technology over that of the Soviets, which in turn accelerated the arms race

D) allowed Eisenhower to refuse to go to Geneva for a summit meeting on the issue of Austria

E) provided a boost in American morale about the Cold War

Page: 817

20. Eisenhower’s greatest contribution as president was his

A) sense of the limitations of American power

B) success in eliminating the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union

C) success in ending the arms race

D) successful peace negotiations in bringing an end to the conflict in Vietnam

E) unbending commitment to civil rights

Page: 817

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