Z-SCORES
[Pages:56]z-SCORES
Frances Chumney, PhD
Overview of z-Scores
CONTENT OUTLINE
Probability & Normal Distribution
Distribution of Sample Means
Z-SCORES
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OVERVIEW OF Z-SCORES
Z-SCORES
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OVERVIEW OF z-SCORES
Student A earned a score of 76 on an exam
How many points were possible?
o 76 out of 80? Not bad! o 76 out of 100? Not so great!
How does a score of 76 compare to other students?
o 76 the lowest score in the class? o Anyone earn a score higher than 76?
Z-SCORES
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OVERVIEW OF z-SCORES
z-Score
standardized value that specifies the exact location of an X value within a distribution by describing its distance from
the mean in terms of standard deviation units
Standard Deviation Unit
Standardized value 1 SD unit = value of 1 SD before standardization
Z-SCORES
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OVERVIEW OF z-SCORES
Z-SCORES
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SCORE LOCATION
z-Scores describe the exact location of a score within a distribution
Sign: Whether score is above (+) or below (-) the mean Number: Distance between score and mean in standard deviation units
Example
z = +1.00
o Sign: positive (+) so score is above the mean o Number: 1.00 SD units from the mean
Z-SCORES
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SCORE LOCATION
Example
z = - .50
o Sign: negative (-) so score is below the mean o Number: .50 SD units from the mean
Z-SCORES
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