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 Pharmacology OverviewFormat:1. Generic/Brand Name of Drug2. Indications (what we would use it for at the aid station)3. Dosage4. Cautions5. Side EffectsDrugs in our drug ClosetTMP/SMXOther names: Bactrim/SeptraIndications: MRSA, UTI, DosageMRSA: Take 1 PO BID x 7-10 daysUTI: Take 1 PO BID x 3-5 daysCautions: Sulfa Allergy; Side Effects: Main one is allergic rxn rash; possible TEN rxn (hospital)LevaquinOther names: LevofloxacinIndications: Pneumonia, Bronchitis sometimes, UTI, Dosage:Pneumonia/Bronchitis: 500 mg Take 1 PO x 10 daysPneumonia/Bronchitis 750 mg Take 1 PO x 7 daysCautions: other than allergies, none in our age groups (QT prolongation)Side effects: Nausea common side effect; AzithromycinOther names: Z-PackIndications: Pneumonia/Bronchitis, Otitis Media (alt for PCN), sinusitis (approx 60 % effective)Dosage: Take as directed (500 mg first day, 250 mg days 2-5.)for sinusitis may also take 500 mg x 3 daysCautions: Side effects: vomiting; nauseaAmoxicillinOther names: AmoxilIndications: Strep Throat (best choice), Otitis Media (first line), sinusitis (works sometimes)Dosage: Strep/Otitis Media/Sinusitis: 500 mg TID, or 875 mg BIDCautions: PCN or cephalosporin allergy; If has mononucleosis may develop rashSide Effects: may develop GI upset after a few daysAmoxicillin/ClavulanateOther names: AugmentinIndications: Otitis Media/Sinusitis/Pneumonia (good choice)Dosage: 875 mg PO BIDCautions: PCN or cephalosporin allergy; if has Mononucleosis may develop rashSide Effects: GI upset (diarrhea), nauseaRocephinOther names: Ceftriaxone IMIndications: Pneumonia, cellulitis when not MRSA, Gonorrhea, otitis media when you’re feeling crazyDosage: usually 1 gram IM; if treating Gonorrhea I use 500 mg (250 is sufficient)Cautions:PCN or cephalosporin allergySide Effects: induration at site of injection, diarrhea, ClindamycinOther names: Cleocin, “Clinda”Indications: Cellulitis MRSA, Otitis Media if PCN allergicDosage: for Cellulitis: 300-450 mg TID x 10 daysCautions: if has ulcerative colitis, lots of stomach/diarrhea issues alreadySide Effects: GI upset, in some can cause bacterial super-infectious diarrhea (use it if needed, though)IbuprofenOther names: MotrinIndications: Pain, Inflammation (NSAID)Dosage: 200-800 mg every 6 hours (not to exceed 3200 mg in 24 hours)Cautions: take with food and/or water to avoid GI upsetCauses vasoconstriction of the blood supply leading to the kidneysSide Effects: dehydration and/or renal failure possible and further injury to kidneys already taxed due to physical exertion and lack of water consumption (use appropriately and hydrate should be ok but be aware)also causes GI upset to include heartbearn, stomach ulcers and GI bleedsNaproxenOther names: NaprosynIndications: Pain, inflammation (NSAID)Dosage: 500 mg PO BID (NMT 1500 mg daily)Cautions: Same as Ibuprofen above; take with water/foodSide Effects:same as ibuprofen - GI side effects, kidneysToradol Other names: KetorolacIndications: Moderate-to-severe painDosage: 30-60 mg IM (NMT 120 mg daily; usually only give one dose anyway)Cautions: same as NSAIDs aboveSide Effects: Same as NSAIDs aboveLoperamideOther names: ImmodiumIndications: stop DiarrheaDosage: 2-4 mg initially, then 2 mg after each loose stoolCautions: This is an Opiate that doesn’t alter the brain. Try to use the least amount as possible as to prevent overshooting and causing the bowel to slow down too much. Then you have an ileus- bad.Dehydration possibleDO NOT USE if infectious diarrhea suspected (blood, fever, mucous diarrhea)STOP use if no improvement in 48 hours or if constipation or distention of the abdomen occurs (and take them to the ER if distention occurs FYI)Side Effects: as above; constipation common so take it slowlyMucinex DOther names: Guaifenesin (600 mg) and Pseudoephedrine (60 mg) extended releaseIndications: Stuffy nose and drainage; URIDosage: (on box)Cautions: Psuedoephedrine dehydrates, raises blood pressure, may cause heart to beat fast or have palpitations Side Effects: as abovePseudoephedrineOther names: sudafed; sudagestIndications: nasal congestion/stuffinessDosage: 30-60 mg Q4-6 hoursCautions: caution in those with high blood pressure (must monitor), dehydration possible; Side Effects: GI upset, insomnia, restlessness, heart rate increaseAfrinOther names: oxymetazolineIndications: nasal congestion; helps also with nosebleeds (not primary therapy)Dosage: 2 sprays per nostril BIDCautions: use no more than 4 consecutive days; becomes addictiveSide Effects: use more than 4 consecutive days can cause rebound congestionFlonaseOther names: fluticasoneIndications: allergic rhinitis; MAY work for nasal congestionDosage: 2 sprays each nostril Qday; BID temporarily for allergic exacerbationsCautions: may not help much if virus causing nasal congestionSide Effects: steroid side effects possible; not likely as severe as oral steroidsBenadrylOther names: DiphenhydramineIndications: Allergic conditions; itching; runny nose; sleep aid; (antihistamine)Dosage: 25-50 mg PO Q6Cautions: mixing with alcohol b/c of increased sedationSide Effects: drowsinessZyrtecOther names: CetirizineIndications: Allergic Rhinitis; itching; runny nose (H2 antihistamine)Dosage: 10 mg dailyCautions:Side Effects: makes 15% of people drowsyAtaraxOther names: hydroxyzineIndications: allergies; itching; motion sicknessDosage: 25-50 mg PO TIDCautions:Side Effects: drowsinessColaceOther names: docusate sodiumIndications: constipation; stool softenerDosage: 50-360 mg PO daily; may divide dosageCautions: too much makes poo much; shouldn’t be used if obstruction suspected or if abdominal pain is caused by something else! Side Effects:excessive bowel activity; crampingPrednisoneOther names: SterapredIndications: decrease inflammationDosage: variableCautions: LOTS to be careful about. Must taper if used over 5 days. Too much can suppress immune system- possibly forever! Side Effects: decreases immune system; could kill the body’s ability to fight infection long-term. ................
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