Hardness Conversion Charts

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Hardness Conversion Charts

Hardness Conversion Charts

Introduction

The requirement to convert from one hardness test scale to another is quite common and as such is covered by various International Standards (ASTM E140, ISO 18265). These standards point out that, due to the differences in the various types of hardness test methods, it is not possible to show a constant conversion relationship across all materials. As such, the standards provide approximate conversions only with defined hardness ranges and test loads for specific materials. Thus there are a number of conversion tables according to material type and it is essential to use the correct one. The following conversion charts have been constructed according to the hardness test scale conversion algorithms provided within ASTM E140. Please treat all converted values as approximations only.

The table below lists the scales present in the following tables and any restrictions on the load ranges valid for the conversions.

Scale Vickers

Knoop Rockwell A Rockwell B Rockwell C Rockwell D Rockwell E Rockwell F Rockwell G Rockwell H Rockwell K Superficial Rockwell 15N Superficial Rockwell 30N Superficial Rockwell 45N Superficial Rockwell 15T Superficial Rockwell 30T Superficial Rockwell 45T Superficial Rockwell 15W Brinell Brinell

Symbol HV

HK HRA HRB HRC HRD HRE HRF HRG HRH HRK HR15N HR30N HR45N HR15T HR30T HR45T HR15W HBW HBS

Indenter and Load force Vickers diamond, nickel alloys (1, 5, 10 or 30-kgf), copper (100-gf), aluminum (15-kgf) Knoop diamond, 500-gf and over Diamond, 60-kgf

Steel ball 1/16, 100-kgf Diamond, 150-kgf Diamond, 100-kgf

Steel ball 1/8, 100-kgf Steel ball 1/16, 60-kgf Steel ball 1/16, 150-kgf Steel ball 1/8, 60-kgf Steel ball 1/8, 150-kgf Diamond, 15-kgf Diamond, 30-kgf Diamond, 45-kgf

Steel ball 1/16, 15-kgf Steel ball 1/16, 30-kgf Steel ball 1/16, 45-kgf Steel ball 1/8, 15-kgf Tungsten carbide 10mm ball, 3000-kgf Steel 10mm ball, steel and nickel (3000-kgf), brass and aluminum (500-kgf)

A commonly asked question is "How come my results and those from another facility are different?" The first step is to use statistical analysis to see if the difference is significant. Next, determine any differences in the test method. The two most common problems relate to either a different load being applied or a converted value being compared with an actual measurement. For this reason, it is recommended that the measured value is included in parenthesis following the conversion when reporting a converted hardness number.

In addition to steel balls, tungsten carbide balls have been introduced for Rockwell and Rockwell Superficial scales. However, all of the equations applied to create values for the tables in this document are based on empirical test accomplished with steel indenters. A Rockwell hardness test done with a tungsten carbide ball may yield slightly different results.

Hardness Conversion Charts

Table of Contents

Hardness Conversion Chart for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Hardness Conversion Chart for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell B Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Hardness Conversion Chart for Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet (Rockwell C Range) . . . . . . . . . . .4 Hardness Conversion Chart for Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet (Rockwell B Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Hardness Conversion Chart for Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Hardness Conversion Chart for Cartridge Brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Hardness Conversion Chart for Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Hardness Conversion Chart for Wrought Aluminum Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Common Applications and Nomenclature for Hardness Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Hardness Conversion Chart for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Range)

HV

HK

950

917

940

912

930

907

920

902

910

897

900

891

890

885

880

880

870

874

860

867

850

860

840

854

830

847

820

840

810

833

800

825

790

817

780

809

770

801

760

793

750

784

740

776

730

767

720

758

710

749

700

739

690

730

680

720

670

710

660

700

650

690

640

679

630

669

620

658

610

647

600

637

590

626

580

614

570

603

560

592

550

581

540

570

530

558

HRC 68.0 67.8 67.6 67.4 67.2 66.9 66.7 66.4 66.2 65.9 65.6 65.3 65.0 64.7 64.4 64.1 63.7 63.4 63.0 62.7 62.3 61.9 61.5 61.1 60.7 60.2 59.8 59.3 58.9 58.4 57.9 57.4 56.9 56.4 55.8 55.3 54.7 54.1 53.5 52.9 52.3 51.7 51.0

HRA 85.7 85.6 85.5 85.3 85.2 85.1 84.9 84.8 84.6 84.5 84.3 84.2 84.0 83.8 83.6 83.4 83.3 83.1 82.9 82.7 82.5 82.2 82.0 81.8 81.6 81.3 81.1 80.8 80.6 80.3 80.0 79.8 79.5 79.2 78.9 78.6 78.3 78.0 77.6 77.3 77.0 76.6 76.3

HRD 76.9 76.7 76.6 76.4 76.2 76.1 75.9 75.7 75.5 75.3 75.0 74.8 74.6 74.3 74.1 73.9 73.6 73.3 73.0 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.9 71.6 71.2 70.9 70.6 70.2 69.9 69.5 69.1 68.7 68.3 67.9 67.5 67.1 66.7 66.2 65.8 65.3 64.8 64.3 63.8

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HR15N 93.4 93.3 93.2 93.1 93.0 92.9 92.8 92.7 92.6 92.5 92.4 92.3 92.2 92.1 91.9 91.8 91.7 91.5 91.4 91.2 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.6 90.4 90.2 90.0 89.8 89.6 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.7 88.5 88.3 88.0 87.8 87.5 87.2 86.9 86.6 86.3 86.0

HR30N 84.7 84.5 84.3 84.1 83.9 83.7 83.5 83.3 83.0 82.8 82.5 82.3 82.0 81.7 81.4 81.1 80.8 80.5 80.2 79.9 79.5 79.2 78.8 78.4 78.1 77.7 77.3 76.9 76.4 76.0 75.6 75.1 74.7 74.2 73.7 73.2 72.7 72.2 71.7 71.1 70.5 70.0 69.4

HR45N 75.9 75.7 75.4 75.2 74.9 74.6 74.3 74.0 73.7 73.4 73.1 72.7 72.4 72.0 71.7 71.3 70.9 70.5 70.1 69.6 69.2 68.7 68.3 67.8 67.3 66.8 66.3 65.7 65.2 64.6 64.1 63.5 62.9 62.3 61.6 61.0 60.3 59.7 59.0 58.2 57.5 56.8 56.0

HBW

645 634 623 613 603 593 583 573 563 554 544 535 525 516 507 497

Hardness Conversion Chart for Non-Austenitic Steels (Rockwell C Range)

HV

HK

520

547

510

535

500

524

490

513

480

501

470

490

460

479

450

467

440

456

430

445

420

434

410

423

400

412

390

402

380

391

370

380

360

370

350

359

340

349

330

339

320

329

310

319

300

309

290

300

280

290

270

281

260

271

250

262

240

253

HRC 50.4 49.7 49.0 48.3 47.5 46.8 46.0 45.2 44.4 43.5 42.7 41.8 40.9 39.9 38.9 37.9 36.9 35.8 34.7 33.5 32.3 31.1 29.8 28.4 27.0 25.5 23.9 22.3 20.5

HRA 75.9 75.6 75.2 74.8 74.4 74.0 73.6 73.2 72.7 72.3 71.8 71.4 70.9 70.4 69.9 69.4 68.8 68.3 67.7 67.1 66.5 65.9 65.2 64.6 63.9 63.1 62.3 61.5 60.7

HRD 63.3 62.8 62.3 61.7 61.1 60.6 60.0 59.4 58.7 58.1 57.4 56.7 56.0 55.3 54.5 53.8 53.0 52.1 51.3 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.4 44.2 43.0 41.8 40.4

HR15N 85.7 85.4 85.0 84.7 84.3 83.9 83.5 83.1 82.7 82.3 81.8 81.4 80.9 80.4 79.9 79.3 78.8 78.2 77.5 76.9 76.3 75.5 74.8 74.1 73.3 72.5 71.6 70.7 69.7

HR30N 68.8 68.2 67.5 66.9 66.2 65.6 64.8 64.1 63.4 62.6 61.9 61.0 60.2 59.4 58.5 57.6 56.6 55.7 54.7 53.6 52.5 51.4 50.2 49.0 47.7 46.4 45.0 43.5 41.9

HR45N 55.2 54.4 53.6 52.8 51.9 51.0 50.1 49.2 48.2 47.2 46.2 45.2 44.1 43.0 41.8 40.7 39.4 38.2 36.9 35.5 34.1 32.6 31.1 29.5 27.9 26.1 24.3 22.3 20.3

HBW 488 479 470 460 451 442 433 424 415 406 396 387 378 369 360 351 341 332 323 314 304 295 285 276 266 257 247 237 228

The non-austenitic steels included carbon, alloy and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions.

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