Multiple Choice Review Evolution & Classification

Multiple Choice Review ? Evolution & Classification

Questions #1-4 refer to the following scenario:

Pesticide resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Fruit flies that infest orange groves are an example of pests that have evolved resistance. Pesticide resistance occurs very quickly, sometimes in just one generation.

1. If a random mutation in one insect results in resistance to a specific pesticide, how would this lead to resistance in the population? a. The mutation makes the insect able to survive and reproduce, passing the mutation on to the next generation. b. The mutation allows the insect to ingest more food, enabling it to be healthier than other insects. c. The mutation allows the insect to avoid predation. d. The mutation enables the insect to be better camouflaged than other insects.

2. In this example of natural selection, one extreme phenotype is favored over another phenotype. What type of selection is this? a. Stabilizing b. Adaptive c. Directional d. Disruptive

3. Pesticide resistance illustrates what concept of evolution? a. One ancestor can give rise to several different populations. b. Mutations drive evolution by creating variation. c. Individuals are the smallest unit that can evolve. d. Homologies indicate common descent.

4. Suppose that a new pesticide is used in an effort to eliminate the fruit fly from an orange grove. It effectively kills 90% of the population. The gene pool of the remaining population is greatly altered from the original population. What has occurred? a. Sympatric speciation b. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium c. Founder effect d. Bottleneck effect

5. You are examining whether or not two snakes are from the same species or different species. Upon observation, you see that they are able to reproduce. What other question must you answer before you can make a conclusion? a. Are the offspring viable? b. Where do the snakes live? c. Are their gene frequencies changing? d. What adaptations does each snake have?



PSI AP Biology

Evolution & Classification

6. Humans and bacteria have similar genes that code for ribosomal subunits used in protein synthesis. Of what is this an example? a. Microevolution b. Molecular homology c. Comparative embryology d. Vicariance

7. The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem proves that no evolution is occurring in a population. Which of the following is not a parameter for the theorem? a. No natural selection b. Mutations c. Large population d. No migration

8. Natural selection can result from competition between species. The large ground finch and the medium ground finch inhabit the same island. While both are equipped with beaks that can crush seeds, the large ground finch is able to eat the larger and harder seeds. Medium ground finches have smaller beaks and therefore eat smaller seeds. In this way, the two types of finches can co-exist on the same island. In this example, two extreme phenotypes are selected for over an intermediate phenotype. What type of selection is this? a. Stabilizing b. Disruptive c. Bottleneck d. Directional

9. In a population of lizards, the gene for stripe color has two alleles, B and b. If the frequency of B is 65%, what is the frequency of b? a. 65% b. 35% c. 12% d. 46%

10. Homologies are used as evidence for evolution in species. Which of the following is not a type homology? a. Homologous structures b. Molecular homologies c. Vicariance structures d. Comparative embryology

11. Three of Darwin's finches are the small tree finch, the medium tree finch, and the large tree finch. Although they are very similar, they are three different species. What does this mean? a. Biogeography prevents them from interacting. b. They are not able to interbreed to produce viable offspring. c. They are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. d. They are able to interbreed to produce viable offspring.



PSI AP Biology

Evolution & Classification

Questions #12-14 refer to the following phylogenetic tree:

Source:

12. If the DNA of each animal were examined, which two would have the highest percentage of DNA in common? a. Anole lizard and blindsnake b. Finch and chicken c. Cobra and viper d. Opossum and alligator

13. When constructing this tree, there were several options. Which tree was chosen as being most accurate? a. The tree with the least amount of evolutionary events. b. The tree with the greatest amount of speciation. c. The tree with the greatest amount of evolutionary events. d. The tree with the least amount of equilibrium.

14. Which principle was followed to make the decision in #36? a. Maximum parsimony b. Least parsimony c. Maximum speciation d. Least genetic drift



PSI AP Biology

Evolution & Classification

15. The wing of a bat and the forelimb of a cat have the same skeletal elements even though the wing and the forelimb are used for different functions. What is an explanation for this? a. The wing and the forelimb are vestigial structures from a common ancestor. b. The cat and the bat evolved similar structures from separate ancestors. c. Disruptive selection caused similar structures in each animal. d. The wing and the forelimb are homologous structures from a common ancestor.

16. During embryonic development, a bird and a human both have pharyngeal gill slits. This is evidence of descent from a common ancestor and is an example of what? a. Biogeography b. Homologous structures c. Molecular homology d. Comparative embryology

Questions #17-20 refer to the following information:

In 1835, Charles Darwin collected a variety of small birds from the Galapagos Islands. They have since been named Darwin's finches and include approximately 13 different species that inhabit the different islands of the Galapagos. Darwin's finches all evolved from the South American common ground finch. The main difference between the species is the size and thickness of the beaks.

17. When several populations evolve from one species, it is referred to as what? a. Convergent evolution b. Stabilizing selection c. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium d. Adaptive radiation

18. Which of the following is not something that scientists used as evidence to confirm that the South American common ground finch was the common ancestor of Darwin's finches? a. Similar structures b. Similarities on the molecular level c. Similar mutations d. The geographic distribution of all the finches

19. The large ground finch has a large, thick beak that is used for crushing large seeds. The warbler finch has a small, thin beak that is used for probing and finding insects. What mechanism drove the evolution of different beak shapes? a. Mutation b. Adaptive radiation c. Homology d. Macroevolution

20. When this South American common ground finch spread from the mainland to the different islands of the Galapagos, a variety of different species evolved. What type of speciation is this? a. Sympatric b. Adaptive c. Allopatric d. Prezygotic



PSI AP Biology

Evolution & Classification

21. When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, individuals mate randomly. How does this relate to evolution? a. If individuals mate for a specific reason, gametes do not mix randomly and the gene frequencies change. b. When individuals mate randomly, genetic drift increases. c. If individuals mate for a specific reason, genes can be deleted or duplicated. d. When individuals mate for specific reasons, gene frequencies stay the same.

22. The coccyx in humans, also known as the tailbone, is the last section of the vertebrae. It no longer serves a purpose but is the remnant of the tail of our ancestor. What is another name for this type of structure? a. Convergent b. Allopatric c. Stabilizing d. Vestigial

Questions #23-24 refer to the following information:

A population of insects that feed on apple trees live in an apple orchard. While the apple orchard traditionally grew only red apples, the farmer recently introduced green apples as well. The insects begin specializing on apple type, with some only feeding on green apples and some only feeding on red apples. After several generations, the subpopulations have evolved into separate species.

23. What type of speciation is this? a. Sympatric b. Adaptive c. Allopatric d. Solitary

24. What is also true of the two new species? a. They will never be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. b. They cannot interbreed to create viable offspring. c. They are more susceptible to mutation. d. They are still able to interbreed to create viable offspring.

25. When trying to determine if two species evolved from a common ancestor, which of the following is not something that scientists look for and examine? a. Fossil record b. Mutational homology c. Biogeography d. Homologies



PSI AP Biology

Evolution & Classification

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