Skills Worksheet Chapter 1 Earth Science



Skills Worksheet Chapter 1 Earth Science

Concept Review

MATCHING

IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE DESCRIPTION THAT BEST MATCHES THE TERM OR PHRASE.

1. practice of growing, breeding, and caring for plants and animals used for a variety of purposes

2. study of how living things interact with each other and with their nonliving environments

3. conflict between short-term interests of individuals and long-term welfare of society

4. declining number and variety of the species in an area

5. study of how humans interact with the environment

6. law describing the relationship between an item’s availability and its value.

7. characterized by low population growth rate, high life expectancy, and diverse industrial economies

8. characterized by high population growth rate, low energy use, and very low personal wealth

9. state in which a human population can survive indefinitely

10. natural material that can be replaced relatively quickly through natural processes

MULTIPLE CHOICE

IN THE SPACE PROVIDED, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE TERM OR PHRASE THAT BEST COMPLETES EACH STATEMENT OR BEST ANSWERS EACH QUESTION.

11. Which of the following sciences contribute to the field of environmental science?

a. physics and chemistry c. social sciences

b. biology and earth science d. all of the above

Concept Review continued

12. All of the following make up the three major categories of environmental problems except

a. loss of biodiversity. c. resource depletion.

b. overpopulation. d. pollution.

13. During the period of human history known as the, human populations grew rapidly because of advances in farming methods.

a. Industrial Revolution c. “Tragedy of the Commons”

b. agricultural revolution d. hunter-gatherer period

14. Which major changes in human society and the environment occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

a. People lived in small tribes; many mammals went extinct

b. Domesticated plants were altered; forest was replaced with farmland.

c. Fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmental pollution increased

d. Common grazing areas were replaced with closed fields.

15. What did hunter-gatherers do to alter the environment?

a. introduce plants to new c. burn prairie to maintain

regions grassland

b. over hunt large mammals d. all of the above

16. Developed nations make up about ____________ percent of the world’s population and consume about ___________ percent of its resources.

a. 20, 75 c. 75, 20

b. 50, 75 d. 75, 50

17. Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” essay addressed the conflicts associated with which environmental challenge?

a. preventing pollution c. curbing overpopulation

b. preserving biodiversity d. protecting shared resources

18. The ecological footprint for a person in a particular country takes into account what requirements of supporting that individual?

a. land used for crops c. forest area that absorbs pollution

b. land taken up by housing d. all of the above

19. Attempts to create a sustainable society strive to achieve what?

a. greater resource consumption c. negative population growth

b. stable resource consumption d. restrictions on technology

20. A cost-benefit analysis balances the cost of an action against

a. those who benefit from the action.

b. those who perform the analysis.

c. what consumers and taxpayers are willing to pay.

d. the benefits one expects to receive.

Skills Worksheet

Critical Thinking

ANALOGIES

MARK THE LETTER OF THE PAIR OF TERMS THAT BEST COMPLETES THE ANALOGY SHOWN. AN ANALOGY IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO PAIRS OF WORDS OR PHRASES WRITTEN AS A : B :: C : D. THE SYMBOL : IS READ “IS TO,” AND THE SYMBOL :: IS READ “AS.”

1. Industrial Revolution : Agricultural Revolution ::

a. animal muscle : fossil fuels

b. hunters : gatherers

c. agricultural revolution :hunter-gatherers

d. hunter-gatherers :population growth

2. pollution : health effects ::

a. industrial : revolution

b. cyanide : smog

c. extinction : biodiversity

d. automobiles : exhaust

3. environmental science :biology ::

a. botany : zoology

b. biology : zoology

c. zoology : geology

d. social sciences : chemistry

4. renewable resource : nonrenewable resource ::

a. iron : water

b. trees : sunlight

c. water : trees

d. trees : oil

5. ecological footprint : land ::

a. developed nation : consumption

b. developing nation : consumption

c. grazing : forest products

d. land : ocean

6. supply : demand ::

a. overpopulation :resources

b. renewable : nonrenewable

c. computer production :sales of computers

d. population : consumption

7. commons : overgrazing ::

a. Earth : resources

b. short-term interests : long-term interests

c. individual lands : sustainability

d. individuals : society

8. biodegradable : non biodegradable ::

a. pollutant : toxin

b. plastic : newspaper

c. cotton : polyester

d. mercury : lead

Critical Thinking continued

INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS

READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO, AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.

Four students are given the assignment of classifying countries as developing or developed. Each student gathers the following information for one nation: per-person annual income, population growth rate, and tons of carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuels. The students compile their results in bar graphs.

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9. Which country or countries would you classify as developing? Describe your reasoning.

10. Which country or countries are likely to have the highest rates of energy consumption? Explain your answer.

11. Which country is most likely the United States? How can you tell?

Critical Thinking continued

AGREE OR DISAGREE

AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS, AND SUPPORT YOUR ANSWERS.

12. Because large-scale species extinctions have occurred throughout Earth’s history, we should not be concerned by the world’s current high extinction rate.

13. Growing populations do not create social or environmental problems in areas where food resources are not limited.

14. Most people from developing countries have values and priorities very different from those of most people from developed countries.

Critical Thinking continued

REFINING CONCEPTS

THE STATEMENTS BELOW CHALLENGE YOU TO REFINE YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS COVERED IN THE CHAPTER. THINK CAREFULLY, AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.

15. The “ecological footprint” of a citizen of a developed nation is about four times larger than that of a citizen of a developing nation. Why do you think this is the case?

16. If you could travel in time to a period before the Industrial Revolution, what actions would you initiate to minimize current environmental problems?

17. Solutions to complex environmental problems can be very costly. Communities or other affected groups might perform a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the benefits of the desired solutions outweigh the financial cost. How might the results of a cost-benefit analysis be interpreted differently by a local citizen, a company CEO, and a city manager who monitors city funds while overseeing major improvement projects?

Critical Thinking continued

18. If Earth is considered a “closed system,” how does that shape the outcome of environmental problems? How does this relate to local or regional environmental problems?

19. Identify a controversial environmental issue in your community that fits into one of the following three major categories: resource depletion, pollution, or loss of biodiversity. Discuss how the issue is being addressed, and whether or not the conflicts associated with “The Tragedy of the Commons” are affecting solutions to the problems.

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a. loss of biodiversity

b. supply and demand

c. “The Tragedy of the Commons”

d. agriculture

e. developed nation

f. environmental science

g. ecology

h. developing nation

i. renewable resource

j. sustainability

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