Counting and Cardinality



The Language of Mathematics in theAlaska Mathematics StandardsGrade 1Counting and CardinalityalikeSame size, quantity, or pareTo decide if one number is greater than, less than, or equal to another number. Can also be used to tell how shapes are alike or different.fewerSmaller quantity or amount.fewestA word used when comparing three or more groups of objects.greater thanGreater than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number (>).is the same asThe meaning of the equal sign. Having the same amount on each side of the equal sign. (also known as equal)less thanLess than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number (<). Less than can be used to describe an action to mentally subtract 10 from a given number.moreGreater quantity or amount.more thanMore than can be used to describe an action to mentally add 10 more to a given number.mostA word used when comparing three or more groups of objects.numberA number indicates how many or how much. The number of objects can be named by the numeral.numeralA symbol used to represent a number. (e.g., 6 and VI are numerals that represent the same number.)One-to-one correspondenceThe ability to match each member of one set to the member of an equal set.orderA sequence or arrangement of things.subitizingThe ability to perceive the number of a group of items at a glance without counting them.zeroNo objects; a cardinal number indicating the absence of all units. A whole number that tells there are no objects in a set.Operations and Algebraic ThinkingaddTo combine; put together two or more quantities.addendAny number being poseTo put together smaller numbers to make larger numbers, or to put together 2 or more shapes to create a new shape.count backA way to subtract.count onA way to add.count upA way to subtract. Finding the difference by adding up from the smaller number to the larger number.decomposeTo separate a number into 2 or more parts, or to separate a shape into smaller shapes.differenceThe result when one number is subtracted from another.digitAny of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.doublesAddition facts with two addends that are the same.doubles minus 1An addition fact with a double to add and then subtract one.doubles plus 1An addition fact with a double to add and then add one.equalHaving the same amount. (e.g., 4 equals 3 + 1 means that 4 is the same amount as 3 + 1.)equal partsParts of an object or group that have been divided equally into pieces. (also known as equal shares)equal sharesParts of an object or group that have been divided equally into pieces. (also known as equal parts)equal signA symbol showing that one amount is the same as another (=). (also known as is the same as)equationA number sentence with an equal sign. The amount on one side of the equal sign has the same value as the amount on the other side.expressionA mathematical phrase without an equal sign.fact familyA group of related facts that use the same numbers. (also known as related facts)Operations and Algebraic ThinkingfalseNot true; incorrect. A false equation does not have the same value on each side of the equal sign.fourth ofOne of 4 equal parts.fourthsThe parts you get when you divide something into 4 equal parts.half ofOne of 2 equal parts.plusA symbol that shows addition; combine; put together two or more quantities.quartersFour equal parts or shares.quarter ofOne of 4 equal parts.take awayTo subtract.trueAccurate; correct. A true equation has the same value on each side of the equal sign.unknownA number that is not known.wholeAll of an object, a group of objects, shape, or quantity.Numbers and Operations in Base TenhundredA number equal to 10 tens or 100 ones.making tenA strategy that uses combinations of numbers that add up to ten.numeralA symbol used to represent a number. (e.g., 6 and VI are numerals that represent the same number.)onesA single unit or object.place valueThe value a digit has because of its place in a number.tenA group of ten ones. One more than nine; one less than eleven.tensSets of ten ones. (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90)Measurement and Dataanalog clockA clock that shows the time by the positions of the hour and minute hands.bar graphA graph that uses height or length of rectangles to compare data.bar modelA model that uses bars to represent known and unknown quantities and the relationship between these quantities.dataA collection of information.dateA given month, day, and year.dayThere are 24 hours in a day.digital clockA clock that shows the time with numbers of hours and minutes; usually separated by a colon. (:)half hourA unit of time equal to 30 minutes.half past30 minutes after the hour.hourA unit of time equal to 60 minutes.hour handThe short hand on a clock, which indicates the hour of day.minuteA unit of time equal to 60 seconds.minute handThe long hand on a clock, which indicates number of minutes.number lineA diagram that represents numbers as points on a line.picture graphA graph that uses pictures or symbols to show data.tally chartA chart that uses tally marks to record data.tally markA mark that shows a number or quantity. A tally shows one. A line through four tallies shows five.GeometryattributeA characteristic of an object such as color, shape, size, etc.categoryA collection of things sharing a common attribute.circleA shape with no sides and no vertices.closed shapeA shape with all the sides posite shapeA shape that is made from 2 or more geometric shapes.coneA solid shape with a circular base, a curved surface, and one vertex.cubeA solid shape with six square faces.curved surfaceA rounded surface.cylinderA solid shape with tow circular bases and a curved surface.differentNot the same; unalike. Compare two or more objects or figures to find what is not the same.faceA flat surface on a solid shape.flat surfaceA surface that is not curved.geometric shapes chartVisit website Exploratorium Geometry Playground Geometric Shapes Chart Activityhalf-circleHalf of a circle.hexagonA plane shape with six straight sides and six vertices.lengthHow long something is. The distance from one point to another.longerA word used when comparing the length of two objects.longestA word used when ordering three or more objects by length.measureTo find a number that shows the size or quantity of something.objectA material thing that can be seen and touched.partitionDescribes an action to divide shapes into smaller parts.quarter-circleA fourth of a circle.rectangleA plane shape with 4 sides and 4 square vertices.rectangular prismA rectangular three-dimensional shape.rhombusA two-dimensional figure with all 4 sides equal in length.GeometryshorterA word used when comparing the height or length of two objects.shortestA word used when comparing three or more objects in length.sideOne of the line segments that makes a flat, two-dimensional shape.solid shapeA shape that is not flat; an object that has three dimensions. (i.e., height, length, and width)sortTo group or organize according to shared attributes.sphereA solid shape with a curved surface.squareA plane shape with 4 sides that are the same length and 4 right angles.tallerA word used when comparing the height of two objects.tallestA word used when ordering three or more objects by height.three-dimensional shapeA solid shape that has length, width, and height.trapezoidA 4-sided two-dimensional shape that has exactly one pair of parallel sides.triangleA plane shape with 3 straight sides and 3 vertices.two-dimensional shapeA plane, flat shape that has length and width.unequal partsParts of a whole that are not the same size.unequal sharesParts of a whole that are not the same size.unitWhat is used to measure the height or length of an object.vertex (plural - vertices)A corner of a shape. (plural - vertices; “corners”)wholeAll of an object, a group of objects, shape, or quantity.Illustrated Mathematics Dictionary visit website – Math Is Fun Definitions ................
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