Pamhinton | A2 Psychology blog
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|Cocaine |Crack |
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|Ecstasy |Heroin |
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|5. LSD |6. Magic Mushrooms |
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|7. Speed |8. Cannabis |
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|9. GBL & GBH |10. Anabolic Steroids |
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| |12. Ketamine |
|11. Tranquilisers | |
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|13. Methadrone |14. PMA |
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|15. Solvents |16. Legal Highs |
|Cocaine |Crack |
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|Cocaine is a stimulant with powerful, but short-lived, |‘Crack’ is a form of cocaine made into small lumps or rocks|
|effects. Stimulants temporarily speed up the processes of |which make a cracking noise when burnt. It's a powerful |
|your mind and body. Smoked freebase or crack are absorbed |stimulant with short-lived effects, usually smoked in a |
|more quickly and tend to be much stronger and more |pipe, plastic bottle or in foil. You can easily smoke |
|addictive than snorted powder cocaine. All forms of cocaine|‘crack’ in this way. Both powder and crack cocaine can be |
|prepared for injection are very addictive. |prepared to make a solution for injecting. |
|Ecstasy |Heroin |
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|This is often called the original designer drug because of |Heroin is a natural opiate extracted from the opium poppy |
|its synonymous relationship with rave culture in the early |and is a very strong painkiller. It can be smoked, |
|90s. Clubbers took ecstasy to stay awake and dance for |dissolved in water and injected or, if high purity, it can |
|hours. The effects take about half an hour to kick in and |be snorted. ‘Street’ heroin ('brown') is sometimes used by |
|tend to last between 3 to 6 hours, followed by a gradual |clubbers as a chill out after a night out. Brown is still |
|comedown. |heroin but some people mistakenly think it's not as |
| |addictive. |
|LSD |Magic Mushrooms |
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|LSD or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug |Magic mushrooms are mushrooms which grow in the wild that |
|originally derived from ergot, a fungus found growing wild |produce similar effects to LSD when you eat them. There |
|on rye and other grasses. It’s commonly called acid. The |are two main types and they are both very different. The |
|experience is known as a trip and these can be good or bad.|most common form is a species called psilocybe, the other |
|A good trip can be a lot of fun. A bad trip is your worst |more potent variety is amanita muscaria. There are also |
|nightmare come to life. |deadly poisonous forms. |
|Speed |Cannabis |
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|‘Speed’ is the street name for a range of amphetamines, |Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in Britain. |
|stimulants that people take to keep them awake and alert. |Made from parts of the cannabis plant, it’s a naturally |
|The effects kick in within half an hour of ingesting it by |occurring drug. It is a mild sedative (often causing a |
|mouth. If you inject it you’ll experience the effects |chilled out feeling) and it’s also a mild hallucinogen (you|
|quicker and these effects can last for up to six hours. The|may see reality in a distorted way). The active compound in|
|high is generally followed by a long slow comedown. |cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). |
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|GHB and GBL |Anabolic Steroids |
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|Gammahydroxybutrate (GHB) and GBL (gammabutyrolactone) are |Anabolic steroids are similar to and include the male |
|closely related, dangerous drugs with sedative and |hormone testosterone. They're meant to be used to treat |
|anaesthetic effects. GBL converts to GHB shortly after |anaemia and muscle weakness after surgery. Not to be |
|entering the body. Both can kill you and are particularly |confused with other kinds of steroids such as |
|dangerous when used with alcohol and other depressant or |corticosteroids - that is a different drug often used to |
|sedative substances. |treat asthma and eczema. |
|Tranquillisers |Ketamine |
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|Tranquillisers are manufactured drugs produced to treat |Ketamine is a short-acting but powerful general anaesthetic|
|anxiety, depression and insomnia. Prescribed by a doctor, |which has been used for operating on humans and animals. |
|they're designed to reduce anxiety and promote calmness, |It has powerful hallucinogenic qualities (with a distortion|
|relaxation and sleep. There are hundreds of different |of objects and reality). Ketamine first appeared on the |
|tranquillisers around but most common are the |streets in the States in the 70s. |
|Benzodiazepines. | |
|Methadone | PMA |
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|Methadone is one of a number of synthetic opiates (also |PMA looks like and is being sold as Ecstasy. The effects |
|called opioids) that are manufactured for medical use and |are very similar to E but PMA is much stronger and can |
|have similar effects to heroin. Methadone and Subutex |cause a fatal rise in body temperature. The effects of PMA|
|(Buprenorphine) are used as opiate substitutes for heroin |take longer to happen. Some users have taken a fatal |
|in the treatment of heroin addiction. |overdose by mistakenly taking pill after pill thinking |
| |nothing is happening. |
|Solvents |Legal Highs |
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|Solvents cover a huge number of substances including gas |The ‘legal highs’ that are available change very quickly. |
|lighter refills, aerosols containing hairspray, deodorants |In Jan 2011 Eric 3 and Diablo were in the news. There is |
|and air fresheners, glue, paints, cleaning fluids, surgical|very little reliable information about these drugs. Most of|
|spirit and petroleum products. When inhaled, solvents have |what we know comes from people who have used the drugs. |
|a similar effect to alcohol. They make people feel |Some of these reports indicate that they might act as |
|uninhibited, euphoric and dizzy. |stimulants, similar to speed (amphetamine). |
|. | |
|Crack - The Effects |Cocaine - The Effects |
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|makes users feel on top of the world |makes users feel on top of the world |
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|acts like the stimulant ‘amphetamine’ |acts like the stimulant ‘amphetamine’ |
|but stronger and doesn't last as long |but stronger and doesn't last as long |
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|can raise the body’s temperature, make the heart beat |can raise the body’s temperature, make the heart beat |
|faster and stave off feelings of hunger |faster and stave off feelings of hunger |
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|the effects are virtually immediate, peaking for about 2 |snorted coke takes a while to peak and the effects last for|
|minutes and lasting for only about 10 minutes |around 20-30 minutes |
| |. |
|4. Heroin - The Effects |Ecstasy - The Effects |
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|slows down body functioning and substantially reduces |gives people an energy buzz that makes them feel alert and |
|physical and psychological pain |alive |
|most users get a rush or buzz a few minutes after taking it|users feel in tune with their surroundings – sounds and |
|a small dose gives the user a feeling of warmth and |colours are more intense |
|well-being |users often feel great love for the people they're with and|
|bigger doses can make the user sleepy and very relaxed |the strangers around them |
|first dose can cause dizziness/vomiting |lots of people feel chatty on E (these chats don't always |
| |make sense to people who aren't on an E) |
|Magic Mushrooms - The Effects |5. LSD - The Effects |
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|effects can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours to happen. |a ‘trip’ can appear to involve a speeding up and slowing |
|The strongest part of the trip takes 4-10 hours and the |down of time and movement |
|after-effects usually last a further 2-6 hours |colour, sound and objects can get distorted and users can |
|can distort colour, sound and objects |experience double vision |
|can speed up/slow down your sense of time and movement. You|trips can heighten the mood you’re already in |
|may feel like you're dreaming when you're awake. |there is no evidence LSD is addictive |
|users can feel more emotionally sensitive, creative or | |
|enlightened | |
|8. Cannabis - The Effects |7. Speed - The Effects |
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|some people may feel chilled out, relaxed and happy, while |makes people feel wide awake, excited and chatty |
|others have one puff and feel sick |clubbers take it because it gives them the energy to dance |
|others get the giggles and may become talkative |for hours without getting tired |
|hunger pangs are common and are known as 'getting the |amphetamines were once the main ingredient in diet pills |
|munchies' |because they stop people feeling hungry |
|users may become more aware of their senses or feel time is| |
|slowing down, due to the drug’s hallucinogenic effects | |
|10. Anabolic Steroids - The Effects |9. GHB and GBL - The Effects |
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|sports enthusiasts claim steroids make them able to train |GHB and GBL produce essentially the same effects - they |
|harder |both produce a feeling of euphoria and can reduce your |
|if taken during a strict exercise regime, they can help |inhibitions and make you feel sleepy |
|build muscle mass |repeated use of GHB is known to cause dependence in some |
|they can also help users recover from strenuous exercise |people and this is likely to be true for GBL as well |
|faster | |
|users can become psychologically dependent - after | |
|stopping, withdrawal symptoms can include headaches, | |
|lethargy and depression | |
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|12. Ketamine - The Effects |11. Tranquillisers - The Effects |
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|ketamine can cause perceptual changes or hallucinations |tranquillisers have a sedative effect, they work by |
|like LSD - users can trip for up to an hour and may feel |depressing the nervous system and slowing the body down |
|after-effects for some hours | |
|can give the user a floating feeling as if the mind and |they relieve tension and anxiety and make the user feel |
|body have been separated |calm and relaxed |
|the drug can reduce bodily sensations | |
|users can become psychologically but not physically |big doses can make a user forgetful and send them to sleep |
|dependent on ketamine | |
| |they can cause psychological and physical addiction |
|14. PMA - The Effects |13. Methadone - The Effects |
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|gives people an energy buzz that makes them feel alert and |opiates are sedative drugs that depress the nervous system |
|alive |- they slow down body functioning and reduce physical and |
|users feel in tune with their surroundings – sounds and |psychological pain - the effect is usually to give a |
|colours are more intense |feeling of warmth, relaxation and detachment |
|users often feel great love for the people they're with and| |
|the strangers around them |can help to relieve feelings of anxiety |
|lots of people feel chatty on PMA (these chats don't always| |
|make sense to people who aren't on the drug) |see also the effects of heroin |
|16. Legal Highs - The Effects |15. Solvents - The Effects |
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|Little is known about their side effects or how safe they |users say it's like being drunk with dizziness, dreaminess |
|are to take. In many cases, the seller will not actually |and the giggles |
|know the answer to these questions. |you can hallucinate (for up to 45 mins) |
|As they may act like stimulants, they may make you feel |the hit is quite short so users tend to keep repeating the |
|alert, euphoric and chatty. But they may also cause |dose |
|anxiety, agitation, paranoia and psychotic states, and they|can give people a 'hangover' afterwards, giving them severe|
|may become compulsive to use and create a state of |headaches and leaving them tired |
|dependence. |can leave a red rash around the mouth |
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|Class A |Class B |
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|Class C | |
| |Stimulants |
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|Depressants |Hallucinogens |
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