Academic Physics - Central Bucks School District



Academic Physics: Final Review Packet

Physics Formulas

Constants g = 9.8 m/s2 1 C = 6.25 x 1018 electrons vlight = 3.00 x 108 m/s

Basic Motion Definitions Motion with Constant Acceleration

d = vot + ½ at2

v = d/t vf = vo + at

d = ½ (vo + vf) t

a = vf-vo/(t vf2 = vo2 + 2ad

Forces and Newton’s Laws Circular Motion

∑F = ma v = 2πr / t

Fg = mg

Work & Energy Wave Motion

KE = ½ mv2 v = (f

U = GPE = mgh

W = Fd = ½mvf2- ½ mvo2

W = (KE = KEf - KEi

Electric Circuits

OHMS’ LAW I = V / R POWER P = IV = I2R

SERIES PARALLEL

I total = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 I total = I 1 + I2 + I 3

1 = 1 + 1 + 1

R total = R 1 + R2 + R 3 R total R 1 R 2 R 3

V total = V 1 + V 2 + V 3 V total = V 1 = V 2 = V 3

Unit 1 – Measurement, Unit conversions: No questions

Unit 2 – Motion in 1D

Number of Questions: 14

Vocab: displacement, distance, average velocity, average speed, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, acceleration due to gravity (free fall)

Problems:

1. Tim drove his car for 15,000 meters for 450 seconds.

a) What was his average speed?

b) Can we be sure he went that speed for all 450 seconds?

2. An airplane flying at a velocity of 165 m/s accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2 for 5.0 seconds.

a) What is the final velocity of the plane?

b) How far does the plane travel during the 5.0 seconds?

3. A motorcycle starts from rest and accelerates for 5.0 seconds. During this time, it travels a distance of 140 meters. What was his acceleration?

4. A wrecking ball is hanging at rest from a crane when suddenly the cable breaks. The time that it takes to fall to the ground is 2.4 s. How far has the ball traveled during this time?

5. A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 12.0 m/s.

a) What is the sign of the ball’s velocity and acceleration at:

| |Sign of velocity |Sign of Acceleration |

|On the way up | | |

|At the top | | |

|On the way back down | | |

b) Its initial upwards velocity is 12 m/s, how much time does it take to reach its maximum height?

6. Looking at the graph to the right…

a) Identify the position at 6 seconds.

b) Describe the motion of the object (CV, speeding up, slowing down)

7. Looking at the graph to the right…

a) Describe the motion of the object.

b) What is the acceleration of the object?

8. Draw a position vs. time and a velocity vs. time graph for the following scenarios:

a) An object standing still.

b) An object moving at a constant velocity.

c) Speeding up away

d) Slowing down towards

9. Using the position vs. time graph, answer the following questions.

a) Label the graph with the type of motion for each section.

b) What is the object’s velocity from 15-25 s?

c) What is the object’s velocity from 25-35 s?

d) What is the object’s velocity from 35-50 s?

10. Use the velocity vs. time graph below to answer the questions .

a) What is the object’s acceleration from 0-8 seconds?

b) What is the object’s acceleration from 8-10 seconds?

c) What is the object’s acceleration from 16-20 seconds?

Unit 3 – Newton’s Laws

Number of Questions: 9

Key Vocab Words:

force, free-body diagram, net force, Newton’s first law, Newton’s second law, inertia, Newton’s third law

Problems:

1. If a bug and a truck windshield collide head-on, which one experiences a greater impact force?

2. What are the three ways an object can accelerate?

3. You are a passenger in a car that is moving rapidly down a straight road. As the driver makes a sharp left turn, you are pressed against the right side of the car. What vocab term explains why this happens?

4. Identify if there is a net force acting on the underlined object.

a) An apple sits still on a table.

b) The apple is in midair, freefalling.

c) A ball is rolling at constant velocity.

d) The ball is rolling to a stop due to friction.

e) A car makes a left turn.

5. What is mass?

a) What is weight?

b) How are they different?

6. John has a mass of 100 kg. What is his weight in Newtons?

7. A 920-kg car is towed into the body shop with a force of 300 N. The friction between the car tires and the road surface is 115 N.

a) What is the net force acting on the car?

b)What is the acceleration of the car?

8. (MC) A block is initially moving at a speed of 5 m/s to the right. If no net force acts on it, what will be its subsequent motion?

a) The block moves to the right and slows down.

b) The block moves to the right at the same speed.

c) The block moves to the right and speeds up.

d) Its subsequent motion cannot be determined without more information.

9. (MC) The block, initially moving to the right at 5 m/s, is acted upon by a net force to the left. How will it continue to move?

a) The block moves to the right at the same speed.

b) The block moves to the right and slows down.

c) The block moves to the right and speeds up.

d) The block moves to the left and slows down.

10. (MC) If a person gets a bookshelf sliding, and wants to keep it sliding at a constant velocity, they must:

a) Stop pushing and let inertia keep the shelves sliding.

b) Apply a force smaller than the kinetic friction.

c) Apply a force equal to the kinetic friction.

d) Apply a force greater than the kinetic friction.

11. Draw free-body diagrams for the following problems. Be sure to draw all the forces with arrows that are of appropriate length to reflect the given descriptions.

a) Object is sitting still on a desk.

b) An object is being pushed across the floor and it is speeding up.

c) An object is suspended from the ceiling.

d) An object is being pushed on the floor at constant velocity; friction is present.

12. A roller hockey ball is pushed along the road with a force of 5 N. The mass of the ball is 0.8 kg. The force of friction is 2 N.

a) Draw a free-body diagram and label all the forces.

b) Calculate the acceleration of the object.

13. A woman rides in an elevator. Draw free body diagrams for these situations.

a) The elevator is still.

b) The elevator is accelerating upward.

c) The elevator is accelerating downward.

Unit 4 – Motion in 2D

Number of Questions: 4

Key Vocab Words: projectile, trajectory, uniform circular motion, centripetal acceleration, centripetal force

Problems:

1. What will hit the ground first, a dropped tennis ball, or a horizontally launched tennis ball?

2. Draw what a parabolic trajectory looks like.

3. Which position should the airplane drop its cargo to hit the target? (The plane is flying right to left)

[pic]

4. The following diagram represents an overhead view of a ball attached to a string that is being spun in a horizontal circle.

A. left B. right C. up D. down

Use these choices to show:

* the net centripetal force acting on the ball.

* the velocity of the ball.

* the acceleration of the ball.

* If the string broke, indicate which way the ball would travel.

Unit 5 – Work & Energy

Number of Questions: 7

Key Vocab Words: energy, kinetic energy, work, gravitational potential energy, law of conservation of energy

Problems:

1. A student applies a force of 185 N. The box is lifted 0.800 m. How much work does the student do on the box?

2. In which situations is a person doing work on an object?

a) A school crossing guard raises a stop sign that weighs 10 N.

b) A student walks 1 m/s while wearing a backpack that weighs 15 N.

c) A man exerts a 350 N force on a rope attached to a house.

d) A worker holds a box 1 m off the floor.

e) A man lowers a pen to his desk.

3. Define each of the following scenarios as positive work, negative work or no work.

a) Lifting a bag of groceries.

b) A hockey puck pushed across the ice.

c) Lowering a crate of books to the floor.

d) Sliding a box across the floor.

e) Pushing on a truck that does not move.

4. A 950-kg car moves with a speed of 37 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

5. An 875-kg compact car speeds up from 22.0 m/s to 44.0 m/s while passing another car.

a) What were its initial and final kinetic energies?

b) How much work was done on the car to increase its speed?

6. A 90-kg rock climber climbs 45 m up to the top of a quarry. What is the the climber’s gravitational potential energy?

7. An 800 kg roller coaster is still at the top of a 120m tall hill.

a) What is the gravitational potential energy at the top of the ride)?

b) Assuming the car is still at the top, what is its kinetic energy here?

c) What is the gravitational potential energy at the bottom of the first hill?

d) What is the kinetic energy at the bottom of the first hill?

e) How fast is the car moving at the bottom of the hill?

8. Complete this statement: energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just _____________ __________________.

9. When a pilot puts gas in his plane, not all of the fuel goes to making the plane move. Where does the rest of the energy go?

Unit 6 – Electrostatics

Number of Questions: 3

Key Vocab Words: electrostatics, neutral, insulator, conductor, electric field, electric field lines

Problems:

1. The movement of which subatomic particle is responsible for electricity?

a) An object with more electrons than protons is ______________ charged.

b) An object with more protons than electrons is ______________ charged.

c) An object with an equal number of protons and electrons is ______________ charged.

2. Draw the field lines for the following charges.

a) b) c)

3. When you touch a positive to a neutral, both objects get a _____________ charge.

Unit 7 – Electric Circuits

Number of Questions: 8

Key Vocab Words:

electric current, electric circuit, resistance, voltage, series circuit, equivalent resistance, parallel circuit, kilo-watt hour

Problems:

1. For this circuit,

a) Is this a series or parallel circuit?

b) What is the equivalent/total resistance of the circuit?

c) What is the current in the circuit?

d) Calculate the total power in the circuit.

e) What will happen if one lightbulb is removed?

2. For this circuit,

a) Is this a series or parallel circuit?

b) What is the equivalent/total resistance of the circuit?

c) What is the current in the circuit?

d) Calculate the total power in the circuit.

e) What will happen if one lightbulb is removed?

3. A coffee pot, rated at 950 W, is plugged into a 120-V source and left on for 4 hours.

a) How much energy (in kWh) does the coffee pot use? (1000 W = 1 kW).

b) If it costs $0.14 for every kilowatt-hour, how much does it cost to run the coffee pot?

Unit 8 – Wave Motion

Number of Questions: 6

Key Vocab Words:

wave, transverse wave, longitudinal wave, trough, crest, wavelength, frequency, destructive interference, node, constructive interference, antinode, reflection, refraction, diffraction, , Doppler effect, resonance

Problems:

1. When frequency increases, wavelength ____________________.

2. When frequency decreases, wavelength ____________________.

3. If sound travels at 5600 m/s through a steel rod, what is the wavelength, given a wave frequency of 2480 Hz?

4. What is the Doppler Effect? Provide an example of a time when you experienced this phenomenon.

5. A professional singer has the ability to break glass when she sings. Why does the glass shatter?

6. Label the following diagram. Include these terms: crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength (all 3 ways to indicate wavelength).

Unit 9 – Optics

Number of Questions: 9

Key Vocab Words:

light, electromagnetic spectrum, primary color, secondary color, polarizer, reflection, refraction, mirrors, convex diverging mirrors, convex converging lens, concave diverging lens, real, virtual, inverted, upright.

1. Fill in the diagram for the mixing of the primary colors of light:

2. What does a polarizer do?

3. All of the colors of light added together make ______________, and the absence of color is _______________.

4. A converging lens makes rays of light _________________, while a diverging lens makes rays of light ________________.

5. What shape is a converging lens?

6. What shape is a diverging lens?

7. Which end of the electromagnetic spectrum has:

a) The highest frequency?

b) The highest wavelength?

9. If you see an image that is projected, it is a (real, virtual) image, and will appear to be (upright, inverted).

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