Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Glencoe

[Pages:288]Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Student Workbook

To the Student

Glencoe World History: Modern Times Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed to help you use recognized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms and are asked to draw from prior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by reading with a purpose.

Using this study tool will also help you learn the California History?Social Science Standards for World History, Culture, and Geography: The Modern World. The standards that apply to a given section are listed on the first page of that section.

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the Glencoe World History: Modern Times program. Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN 0-07-872688-3 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 10 09 08 07 06 05

Table of Contents

California History-Social Science Content Standards for World History, Culture, and Geography: The Modern World

Chapter 1: The Legacy of the Ancient World

Section 1: The First Civilizations..............................................................................1 Section 2: The Civilizations of the Greeks ...............................................................6 Section 3: Rome and the Rise of Christianity ..........................................................9 Section 4: New Patterns of Civilization .................................................................13

Chapter 2: Revolution and Enlightenment

Section 1: The Glorious Revolution .......................................................................17 Section 2: The Enlightenment................................................................................21 Section 3: The American Revolution .....................................................................25

Chapter 3: The French Revolution and Napoleon

Section 1: The French Revolution Begins ..............................................................30 Section 2: Radical Revolution and Reaction ..........................................................35 Section 3: The Age of Napoleon............................................................................40

Chapter 4: Industrialization and Nationalism

Section 1: The Industrial Revolution .....................................................................45 Section 2: Reaction and Revolution.......................................................................50 Section 3: National Unification and the National State .........................................55 Section 4: Culture: Romanticism and Realism .......................................................61

Chapter 5: Mass Society and Democracy

Section 1: The Growth of Industrial Prosperity.....................................................65 Section 2: The Emergence of Mass Society............................................................69 Section 3: The National State and Democracy.......................................................74 Section 4: Toward the Modern Consciousness.......................................................80

Chapter 6: The Height of Imperialism

Section 1: Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia............................................................85 Section 2: Empire Building in Africa .....................................................................90 Section 3: British Rule in India..............................................................................96 Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America........................................................100

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Chapter 7: East Asia Under Challenge

Section 1: The Decline of the Qing Dynasty ........................................................105 Section 2: Revolution in China.............................................................................111 Section 3: Rise of Modern Japan .........................................................................115

Chapter 8: War and Revolution

Section 1: The Road to World War I ...................................................................121 Section 2: The War..............................................................................................125 Section 3: The Russian Revolution ......................................................................131 Section 4: End of the War ...................................................................................136

Chapter 9: The West Between the Wars

Section 1: The Futile Search for Stability.............................................................140 Section 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes..........................................................145 Section 3: Hitler and Nazi Germany ....................................................................150 Section 4: Cultural and Intellectual Trends..........................................................154

Chapter 10: Nationalism Around the World

Section 1: Nationalism in the Middle East...........................................................158 Section 2: Nationalism in Africa and Asia ...........................................................163 Section 3: Revolutionary Chaos in China.............................................................168 Section 4: Nationalism in Latin America .............................................................172

Chapter 11: World War II

Section 1: Paths to War.......................................................................................176 Section 2: The Course of World War II ...............................................................180 Section 3: The New Order and the Holocaust .....................................................185 Section 4: The Home Front and the Aftermath of War........................................190

Chapter 12: Cold War and Postwar Changes

Section 1: Development of the Cold War ............................................................196 Section 2: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.................................................201 Section 3: Western Europe and North America ...................................................205

Chapter 13: The Contemporary Western World

Section 1: Decline of the Soviet Union ................................................................212 Section 2: Eastern Europe ...................................................................................216 Section 3: Europe and the United States .............................................................220 Section 4: Western Society and Culture ..............................................................224

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Chapter 14: Latin America

Section 1: General Trends in Latin America ........................................................227 Section 2: Mexico, Cuba, and Central America....................................................231 Section 3: The Nations of South America ............................................................235

Chapter 15: Africa and the Middle East

Section 1: Independence in Africa.......................................................................239 Section 2: Conflict in the Middle East..................................................................244 Section 3: The Challenge of Terrorism ................................................................248

Chapter 16: Asia and the Pacific

Section 1: Communist China ...............................................................................252 Section 2: Independent States in South and Southeast Asia................................257 Section 3: Japan and the Pacific ..........................................................................262

Chapter 17: Challenges and Hopes for the Future

Section 1: The Challenges of Our World .............................................................267 Section 2: Global Visions.....................................................................................272

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History-Social Science Standards

The California Grade 10 Content Standards tell you what you need to learn and be able to do as you complete your course in World History, Culture, and Geography: The Modern World. The course is designed to cover important events that have shaped the modern world, from the late 1700s to the present. Reading through these standards with a family member will help you understand the goals for your course?and help you to achieve them.

GRADE TEN

World History, Culture, and Geography: The Modern World

10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought.

10.1.1 Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual.

10.1.2 Trace the development of the Western political ideas of the rule of law and the illegitimacy of tyranny, drawing from the Selections from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics.

10.1.3 Consider the influence of the U.S. Constitution on political systems in the contemporary world.

10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.

10.2.1 Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., biographies of John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simon Bolivar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).

10.2.2 List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights (1689), the American Declaration of Independence (1776), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791).

10.2.3 Understand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.

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10.2.4 Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution lead France to develop from constitutional monarch to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic Empire. 10.2.5 Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe until the Revolution of 1848.

10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

10.3.1 Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. 10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). 10.3.3 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution. 10.3.4 Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement. 10.3.5 Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy. 10.3.6 Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism. 10.3.7 Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g., the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g., the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from Classicism in Europe.

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