PHYSICS ATAR COURSE YEAR 12 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET 2022

[Pages:8]PHYSICS ATAR COURSE YEAR 12

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

2022

2021/68707

Physics Year 12 Formulae and Data Booklet 2022

PHYSICS YEAR 12

2

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

Note: the variable t refers to the 'time taken', sometimes referred to as the 'change in time' or t.

Gravity and motion

Average velocity Equations of motion

vav

=

s t

v uat

s ut ?at2

v2 u2 2as

p = mv

Force Weight force

Fnet = m a Fweight = m g

Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy Work done Equations of circular motion Newton's law of universal gravitation Kepler's 3rd law Gravitational field strength Moment of a force (force at angle to lever arm)

Ek = ? m v2

Ep mg'h

W = Fs

W 'E

v 2S r T

ac

=

v2 r

Fg

=G

m1 m2 r2

T 2 4S 2

r3 GM

=g

F=g m

G

M r2

W r F sinT

resultant= Fc

m= ac

mv2 r

Wave particle duality and the quantum theory

Wave period Wave equation

T=1 f

c fO

Energy of photon Energy transitions

E=hf 'E hf

E hc O

' E E2 E1

Photoelectric effect de Broglie wavelength

Ek h f W O h

p

See next page

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

3

PHYSICS YEAR 12

Electromagnetism Coulomb's law Electric field strength Magnetic field strength Magnetic force on a charged particle Magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor Particle motion in a magnetic field Torque on a coil Magnetic flux Electromagnetic induction

Ohm's law Electric current Ideal transformer turns ratio

F

1 q1 q2 4S H0 r 2

E= F= V qd

B P0 I 2S r

F qvB where v A B

F IB where A B

r = mv qB

W rAF

) B AA

induced emf : H vB where v B

induced emf : H N ()2 )1) N ' ) N '(B AA )

t

t

t

AC

generator

emf max

:

H max

2NvB 2S N B AA f

H rms

H max 2

V =IR

I=q t

Vp = Np Vs Ns

Work and energy W = V q

Power

P =VI

Special relativity Relativistic effects

Relativistic momentum Mass-energy equivalence

0

(1 v2 ) c2

u

vu' 1 vu'

c 2

pv

mv

(1 v2 )

c2

Et

mc2 (1 v2 )

c2

t

t0

(1 v2 )

c 2

u'

uv 1 uv

c2

Hubble's law Rest energy Total energy

v = H0d Erest = m c2 Et Ek Erest

See next page

PHYSICS YEAR 12 The Standard Model Elementary particles

4

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum

Wavelength

(m)

102 10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12

visible

Area of

spectrum

f (Hz)

radio frequencies

microwaves

infrared radiation

ultraviolet radiation

X-rays gamma rays

106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 Frequency

Note: shaded areas represent regions of overlap.

See next page

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

5

Physical data

Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Earth....... g = 9.80 m s-2

Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Moon...... gM = 1.62 m s-2

Mean radius of the Earth........................................ RE = 6.37 ? 106 m

Mass of the Earth................................................... ME = 5.97 ? 1024 kg

Mean radius of the Sun.......................................... RS = 6.96 ? 108 m

Mass of the Sun..................................................... MS = 1.99 ? 1030 kg

Mean radius of the Moon........................................ RM = 1.74 ? 106 m

Mass of the Moon................................................... MM = 7.35 ? 1022 kg

Mean Earth-Moon distance....................................

= 3.84 ? 108 m

Mean Earth-Sun distance.......................................

= 1.50 ? 1011 m

Mass (at rest) of electron ....................................... me Mass (at rest) of proton.......................................... mp Tonne...................................................................... 1 t

= 9.11 ? 10-31 kg = 1.67 ? 10-27 kg = 103 kg

PHYSICS YEAR 12

Physical constants

Speed of light in vacuum or air............................... c Electron charge...................................................... e Planck constant...................................................... h Newtonian constant of gravitation.......................... G Electric constant..................................................... 0 Magnetic constant.................................................. ?0

= 3.00 ? 108 m s-1 = -1.60 ? 10-19 C = 6.63 ? 10-34 J s = 6.67 ? 10-11 N m2 kg-2 = 8.85 ? 10-12 F m-1 = 4 ? 10?7 N A?2 = 1.26 ? 10?6 N A?2

Conversions

Electron volt............................................................ 1 eV = Light year................................................................ ly = Megaparsec............................................................ Mpc =

1.60 ? 10-19 J 9.46 ? 1012 km 3.09 ? 1019 km = 3.26 ? 106 ly

See next page

PHYSICS YEAR 12 Prefixes of the metric system

Factor 1012 109 106 103

Prefix tera giga mega kilo

Symbol T G M k

6

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

Factor 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12

Prefix milli micro nano pico

Symbol m ? n p

Mathematical expressions

Quadratic equations

Given ax2 + bx + c = 0, x = -b ? b2 - 4ac 2a

Triangles The following expressions apply to the triangle ABC as shown:

B

c

a

A

b

C

a sin A

=

b sin B

=

c sin C

a = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A

End of booklet

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Elementary particles

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Adapted from Standard Model image: MissMJ. (2006). File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg. Retrieved June, 2016, from Particles.svg Used under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported licence.

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