Essential Reading Strategies for the Struggling Reader

[Pages:96]Essential Reading Strategies for the Struggling Reader:

Activities for an Accelerated Reading Program

-- E X P A N D E D E D I T I O N --



TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY

?2001 University of Texas System/Texas Education Agency



TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY

?2001 University of Texas System/Texas Education Agency These materials are copyrighted ? by and are the property of the University of Texas System and the Texas Education Agency and may not be reproduced or distributed without their written permission, except by Texas public school educators under the following conditions: 1) any portion reproduced or distributed will be used exclusively for nonprofit educational purposes; and 2) no monetary charge is made for the reproduced materials, any document containing them, or any activity at which they

are distributed; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged.

Contents

Acknowledgements

5

Introduction

6

Fluency

9

How to Teach Fluency: Basic Steps

11

Partner Reading

12

Fluency Word Cards

13

Page Races

14

Reading and Rereading: How Speedy Are You?

15

Fast Phrases

16

Listening to Fluency: Rate and Expression

17

"Cloze" It Fast!

18

Word Pattern Road Race

19

Bingo

20

Word Folder

21

On Your Mark, Get Set, Go!

22

"and the Answer Is..."

23

Slap!

24

Phonological Awareness

25

How to Teach Phonological Awareness: Basic Steps 26

Rhyming Tic-Tac-toe

28

Riddle Rap

29

Rhyming Memory Match

30

Which Ones Share a Common Sound?

31

Rhyming Picture Cards

32

Jumping Syllables

33

Syllable Counting

34

The Name Game

35

"Riming" Race

36

M & M Phonemes

37

Do the Phoneme Shuffle!

38

Phoneme Chant

39

Mother, May I?

40

Smiley-Face Phonemes

41

Discriminating Phonemes

42

What's the Difference?

43

Instructional Reading

45

How to Teach Instructional Reading: Basic Steps 47

The Ws of Story Comprehension

48

Comprehension: Story Mapping

49

Decoding: Consonant Blending and Digraphs

50

Decoding: Word Patterns

51

Decoding: Chunking

52

Decoding: Analogy

53

Decoding: Sight Words

54

Decoding: Vowel Diphthongs

55

Decoding: Long Vowels and Vowel Digraphs

56

Decoding: R-Controlled Vowels

57

Decoding: Short Vowels

58

Word Analysis/Spelling

59

How to Teach Word Analysis/Spelling: Basic Steps 61

Building Words with Blends

62

Add Silent E to Make New Words

63

Word Study Boggle

64

Pair That Sound!

65

Short or Long?

66

Sticky Books

67

Tic-Tac-toe

68

Word Slide

69

Change One Letter

70

Word Pattern Match

71

Contraction Concentration

72

S Blends

73

Letters and Words

74

Stand and Be Read!

75

Fish for Word Patterns! (or Fish for Rimes!)

76

Word Hunt

77

Appendix A

79

Appendix B

80

Appendix C

81

Appendix D

82

Appendix E

83

Appendix F

84

Appendix G

87

Appendix H

88

Appendix I

89

Appendix J

92

Appendix K

93

References

95

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following individuals and agencies for their contributions to the studies and the manual.

Texas Education Agency Jim Nelson, Commissioner

University of Texas Center for Reading and Language Arts Cathy Cornelius-Samos

Azucena Garc?a

Peggy Hickman-Davis

Marcel LeJeune

Melissa Light

Sylvia Linan-Thompson

Leticia Martinez

Kristina Roberts

Alejandra Rodr?guez-Galindo

Stacey Sullivan

Sharon Vaughn

The University of Texas at Austin, College of Education Manuel Justiz, Dean

Marilyn Kameen, Associate Dean

Del Valle Independent School District Principals, teachers, and students

Austin Independent School District Principals, teachers, and students

Special thanks to all our reviewers for their valuable contributions.

Introduction

Overview The activities in this manual are drawn from converging research evidence on the effectiveness of critical components to early reading success (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 998). These instructional elements include: phonological awareness; fluent reading in a variety of texts; comprehension strategies and vocabulary development; decoding strategies; and word analysis. To improve their reading proficiency, students who struggle with reading need intensive, systematic, and explicit instruction in these components in addition to their regular classroom reading instruction. The activities in this manual are intended to supplement the regular classroom reading program and to provide the additional practice struggling readers need to develop basic reading strategies. This manual is divided into four sections: Fluency, Phonological Awareness, Instructional Reading with Comprehension, and Word Analysis and Spelling. The two sample lesson plans on the following pages illustrate how the four sections can be organized into 30?35 minute lessons over the span of a week. The original lesson plan, containing all of the elements taught in equal time frames each day, is appropriate to use with students who can read at least 5 words per minute (wpm) on grade level text and are making reading fluency gains of at least two words per minute, per week. The adapted lesson plan is more appropriate for students who read less then 5 wpm in grade level text and gain less than two words per minute per week. The adapted lesson plan allows for increased time in fluency building and word analysis activities to increase automatic word recognition, while continuing to provide consistent reinforcement in the areas of phonological awareness and instructional reading. Each section of the manual contains an overview of the instructional element, followed by progress-monitoring activities and modifications for English language learners. The subsequent lessons and activities in each element can be used to review, practice, and reinforce the skill or skills associated with the element. Lesson plans for the activities include the objective for the lesson, a list of materials needed, and steps for completing the activity. In addition, the plans include adaptations for different levels of instruction and for different target skills, and modifications for English language learners. Appendices provide directions for making materials, word pattern lists for use with many of the activities, and lists of decodable book series and teacher resources.

Progress Monitoring The section overview also discusses progress monitoring, another component of accelerated

reading instruction. Weekly monitoring of student progress can be used to document student growth and to inform instruction. Timed reading and writing activities provide both teachers and students with an index of the student's fluency level.

6 Introduction

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Fluency

5 minutes Partner Reading Progress monitoring (sight words) p. 12

5 minutes Road Race p. 19

5 minutes Fast Phrases Progress monitoring (word pattern) p. 16

5 minutes Word Folder p. 21

5 minutes Partner Reading Progress monitoring (sight words) p. 12

Original Weekly Lesson Plan

Introduction 7

Phonological Awareness

5 minutes Smiley-Faced Phonemes p. 41

5 minutes Discriminating Phonemes p. 42

5 minutes Discriminating Phonemes p. 42

5 minutes Do the Phoneme Shuffle! p. 38

5 minutes "Riming" Race p. 36

Instructional-level Reading Decoding words containing silent e

10 minutes Instructional reading: Basic steps p. 47

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in decodable book p. 56

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in decodable book p. 56

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in passage p. 56

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in trade book & The W's p. 48

Word Analysis/ Spelling

10 minutes Pair That Sound! p. 65

10 minutes Word Slide p. 69

10 minutes Word Pattern Match p. 71

10 minutes Sticky Books p. 67

10 minutes Pair That Sound! p. 65

Progress Monitoring

3?4 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60

3?4 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60

3?4 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60

3?4 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60

3?4 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60

Total Time

35 minutes

35 minutes

35 minutes

35 minutes

35 minutes

Adapted Weekly Lesson Plan

8 Introduction

Fluency

Phonological Awareness

Instructional-level Reading Decoding words containing silent e p. 56 Word Analysis/ Spelling

Progress Monitoring

Total Time

Monday 10 minutes Partner Reading Progress monitoring (sight words) p. 12

10 minutes Instructional reading: Basic steps p. 47 10 minutes Add silent e to make new words p. 63 5 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60 35 minutes

Tuesday 5 minutes Road Race p. 19

5 minutes "Riming" Race p. 36

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in decodable book p. 56 10 minutes Short or Long? p. 66

5 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60 35 minutes

Wednesday 10 minutes Fast Phrases Progress monitoring (word pattern) p. 16

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in decodable book p. 56 10 minutes Word Pattern Match p. 71 5 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60 35 minutes

Thursday 5 minutes Word Folder p. 21

5 minutes Do the Phoneme Shuffle! p. 38 10 minutes Decoding long vowels in passage p. 56

10 minutes Sticky Books p. 67

5 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60 35 minutes

Friday 10 minutes Partner Reading p. 12 Progress monitoring (sight words)

10 minutes Decoding long vowels in trade book p. 56 10 minutes Fish for Word Patterns p. 76 5 minutes One-Minute Write p. 60 35 minutes

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