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ABSTRACT

This project we completed is of vehicle controlling and its positioning through GSM and GPS system. We can control the different functions of a vehicle i.e Switching, turn on and off engine, Door opening, AC , head lights on and off and using a GPS module we can know the positioning of a vehicle. Our project is consisting of two parts. Controlling circuitry GPS interfacing,

Controlling circuitry will control the car function through GSM from all over the world, by pressing the key from user cell phone, And GPS interfacing circuitry will track the car when the user want to know the position of his vehicle, by pressing a key from user cell phone,the software which have we use in this project is keil protious and eagle software,

So this kind of project provides easiness and comfort ability in controlling as you can control your vehicle from anywhere around the world and can find its location and its position easily which is a great achievement for us

.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to ALL Mighty Allah, who is the creator of the world, for giving us the strength to complete our thesis work.

We would like to express our feelings and regards to our supervisor, Engr.kamran hafeez, for his enormous support and guidance. We are very much thankful for aligning this project with the continuous support.

We are also very grateful to our whole Electronics Department staff, for his helping and assessment during our stay.

Dedication

To Our Dear teachers and Parents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 17

1.1 INTRODUCTION 17

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 17

1.3 OBJECTIVES 17

1.4 SCOPE 18

CHAPTER 2 BACKEGROUND 19

2.1 COMPONENTS USED 19

2.2 MODULES 19

2.3 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE 20

2.3.1 What is 8051 Standard? 20

2.3.2 IMPORTANT FEATURES 21

2.3.3 8051 MICROCONTROLLER’S PINS DESCRIPTION 21

2.3.4 Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports) 24

2.3.5 Input/Output (I/O) Pin 26

2.3.5.1 Port 0 27

2.3.5.2 Port 1 29

2.3.5.3 Port 2 29

2.3.5.4 Port 3 30

2.4 CURRENT LIMITATIONS 30

2.4.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 31

2.4.2 POWER RATINGS OF RESISTORS 31

2.5 MAIN COMPONENTS USED 32

2.5.1 Voltage Regulator 32

2.5.1.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 34

2.5.2 MAX232 IC 34

2.5.3 DB-9 CONNECTOR 35

2.5.3.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 36

2.5.3 RELAY 37

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 39

3.1 GSM(Global system for mobile communication) 39

3.2 CONTROL CIRCUIT WORKING 39

3.2.1 DTMF CIRCUTIRAY 40

3.2.2 MICROCONTOLLER PORTION 41

3.3 GPS(GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) 44

3.3.1 GPS AND GSM INTERFACING AND ITS WORKING 44

3.3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 46

3.3.3 GPS SIGNAL CONVERSION 47

CHAPTER 4 SIMULATION 49

4.1 OVERVIEW 49

4.2 SIMULATION 49

4.2.1 SOFTWARE SIMULATION 49

4.2.2 SOFTWARE RESULTS 50

4.2.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 50

4.2.4 HARDWARE RESULTS 51

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 52

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………….53

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Block diagram of microcontroller 20

Figure 1-2 Pin description of 8051 IC………………………………………………......22

Figure 2-3 Inside 8051 Microcontroller………………………………………………….25

Figure 2-4 (I/O) Ports Configuration 25

Figure 2-5 (I/O) Pin 26

Figure 2-6 Output Pin 27

Figure 2-7 Inside Port 0(a) 28

Figure 2-8 Inside Port 0 (b) 28

Figure 2-9 Typical Application of Voltage Regulator 32

Figure 2-10 Voltage Regulator 33

Figure 2-11 MAX 232 35

Figure 2-12 DB-9 Connector 35

Figure 2-13 Pin Description of DB9 Female Connector 36

Figure 2-14 Relay Schematic 38

Figure 2-15 Relay 38

Figure 3-1 PCB of DTMP Section…………………………………………………….....41

Figure 3-1 PCB of Microcontroller Section……………………………………………...43

Figure 3-3 Block diagram of project……………………………………………………..45

Figure 3-4 Schematic of Project…………………………………………………………47

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings of Microcontroller 31

Table 2-2 Power Ratings of Resistors 31

Table 2-3 Voltage Regulator Ratings 34

Table 2-4 Ratings of MAX 232 IC 37

CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION

1 INTRODUCTION

This project is for the vehicle controlling and its positioning through GSM and GPS.

Thus we can control the different parts of a vehicle as; Switching on and off engine Door opening AC on and off ,Head lights on and off ,And through GPS we can do positioning of a vehicle. As well as controlling we can also find the position of our vehicle. even we can control our car through the world and if any time we want our position of our car then we can track our car through GPS.

2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Before this we saw separate circuitry of controlling and GPS but here we have interfaced both of them together to make it a single circuitry. Which was such a complicated task for us? We have achieved it after a lot of work on it.

5 OBJECTIVES

Our objectives are so much clear as we have to control a vehicle through GSM and also to find its position by using global positioning system.

7 SCOPE

It is more reliable, cheaper and non-complex as compared to already present systems and it will do dual function as of controlling and also the positioning,

CHAPTER 2 BACKEGROUND

2.1 COMPONENTS USED

1. Micro controller

2. DC Power supply or adapter

3. Voltage Regulator

4. Relay

5. Resisters

6. Capacitors

7. Inductors

8. GSM Module

9. Diodes

10. Transistor

11. GPS Module

12. DTMF Decoder

13. ULN2803IC

2.2 MODULES

1) GSM module

2) GPS module

2.3 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE

• What is 8051 Standard?

• 8051 Microcontroller's pins

• Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports)

2.3.1 What is 8051 Standard?

The Intel 8051 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (µC) which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. Intel's original version were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s.The reason for success and such a big popularity is a skillfully chosen configuration which satisfies needs of a great number of the users allowing at the same time stable expanding. Besides, since a great deal of software has been developed in the meantime, it simply was not profitable to change anything in the microcontroller’s basic core.

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Figure 2-1 Block diagram of microcontroller

2.3.2 IMPORTANT FEATURES

• 8-bit data bus - It can access 8 bits of data in one operation

• 16-bit address bus - It can access 216 memory locations - 64 KB each of RAM and ROM

• On-chip RAM - 128 bytes ("Data Memory")

• On-chip ROM – 4KB ("Program Memory")

• Four byte bi-directional input/output port

• UART (serial port)

• Two 16-bit Counter/timers

• Two-level interrupt priority

• Power saving mode

2.3.3 8051 MICROCONTROLLER’S PINS DESCRIPTION

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Figure 2-2 Pin description of 8051 IC

PINS 1-8: Port 1: Each of these pins can be configured as input or output.

PIN 9: RS Logical one on this pin stops microcontroller’s operating and erases the contents of most registers. By applying logical zero to this pin, the program starts execution from the beginning. In other words, a positive voltage pulse on this pin resets the microcontroller.

PINS10-17: Port 3: Similar to port 1, each of these pins can serve as universal input or output. Besides, all of them have alternative functions.

PIN 10: RXD Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output.

PIN 11: TXD Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous communication clock output.

PIN 13: INT1 Interrupt 1 input

PIN 14: T0 Counter 0 clock input

PIN 15: T1 Counter 1 clock input

PIN 16: WR Signal for writing to external (additional) RAM

PIN 17: RD Signal for reading from external RAM

PIN 18, 19: X2 X1 Internal oscillator input and output. A quartz crystal which determines operating frequency is usually connected to these pins. The crystal also needs two capacitors of 30 pF value. One side of each capacitor is connected to the ground.

PIN 20: GND: Ground

PIN 21-28: Port 2 if there is no intention to use external memory then these port pins are configured as universal inputs/outputs. In case external memory is used then the higher address byte, i.e. addresses A8-A15 will appear on this port. It is important to know that even memory with capacity of 64Kb is not used, the rest of bits are not available as inputs or outputs.

PIN 29: PSEN if external ROM is used for storing program then it has a logic-0 value every time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory.

PIN 30: ALE Prior to each reading from external memory, the microcontroller will set the lower address byte (A0-A7) on P0 and immediately after that activates the output ALE. Upon receiving signal from the ALE pin, the external register memorizes the state of P0 and uses it as an address for memory chip. In the second part of the microcontroller’s machine cycle, a signal on this pin stops being emitted and P0 is used now for data transmission (Data Bus). In this way, by means of only one additional (and cheap) integrated circuit, data multiplexing from the port is performed. This port at the same time used for data and address transmission.

PIN 31: EA: By applying logic zero to this pin, P2 and P3 are used for data and address transmission with no regard to whether there is internal memory or not. That means that even there is a program written to the microcontroller, it will not be executed, the program written to external ROM will be used instead.

PIN 32-39: Port 0: Similar to port 2, if external memory is not used, these pins can be used as universal inputs or outputs. Otherwise, P0 is configured as address output (A0-A7) when the ALE pin is at high level (1) and as data output (Data Bus), when logic zero (0) is applied to the ALE pin.

PIN 40: VCC Power supply (+5V).

2.3.4 Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports)

All 8051 microcontrollers have 4 I/O ports, each consisting of 8 bits which can be configured as inputs or outputs. This means that the user has on disposal in total of 32 input/output lines connecting the microcontroller to peripheral devices.

A logic state on a pin determines whether it is configured as input or output: 0=output, 1=input. If a pin on the microcontroller needs to be configured as output, then logic zero (0) should be applied to the appropriate bit on I/O port. In this way, a voltage level on the appropriate pin will be 0.

Similar to that, if a pin needs to be configured as input, then a logic one (1) should be applied to the appropriate port. In this way, as a side effect a voltage level on the appropriate pin will be 5V (as it is case with any TTL input).

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Figure 2-3 Inside 8051 Microcontroller

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Figure 2-4 (I/O) Ports Configuration

2.3.5 Input/Output (I/O) Pin

This is a simplified overview of what is connected to a pin inside the microcontroller. It concerns all pins except those included in P0 which do not have embedded pull-up resistor.

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Figure 2-5 (I/O) Pin

Output Pin

Logic zero (0) is applied to a bit in the Pull up register. By turning output FE transistor on, the appropriate pin is directly connected to ground.

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Figure 2-6 Output Pin

Input Pin

Logic one (1) is applied to a bit in the P register. Output FE transistor is turned off. The appropriate pin remains connected to voltage power supply through a pull-up resistor of high resistance.

2.3.5.1 Port 0

Port 0 occupies a total of 8 pins (32 – 39). It can be used for input or output. To use the pins of port 0 as both input and output ports, each pin must be connected externally to a 10K ohm pull-up resistor. Port 0 is an open drain, unlike P1,P2 & P3.

Open drain is the term used for MOS chip. We normally connect P0 to Pull-up Resistors. In this way we take advantage of Port 0 for both input and output. With

External pull-up resistors connected upon reset, Port 0 in configured as an output Port. In order to make Port 0 as an input port, the port must be programmed by writing 1 to all the bits.

It is specific to this port to have a double purpose. If external memory is used then the lower address byte (addresses A0-A7) is applied on it. Otherwise, all bits on this port are configured as inputs or outputs.

Another characteristic is expressed when it is configured as output. Namely, unlike other ports consisting of pins with embedded pull-up resistor (connected by its end to 5 V power supply), this resistor is left out here. This, apparently little change has its consequences:

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Figure 2-7 Inside Port 0(a)

If any pin on this port is configured as input then it performs as if it “floats”. Such input has unlimited input resistance and has no voltage coming from “inside”.

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Figure 2-8 Inside Port 0 (b)

When the pin is configured as output, it performs as “open drain”, meaning that by writing 0 to some port’s bit, the appropriate pin will be connected to ground (0V). By writing 1, the external output will keep on “floating”. In order to apply 1 (5V) on this output, an external pull-up resistor must be embedded.

2.3.5.2 Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

This is a true I/O port, because there are no role assigning as it is the case with P0. Since it has embedded pull-up resistors it is completely compatible with TTL circuits.

2.3.5.3 Port 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.

Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Similar to P0, when using external memory, lines on this port occupy addresses intended for external memory chip. This time it is the higher address byte with addresses A8-A15. When there is no additional memory, this port can be used as universal input-output port similar by its features to the port 1.

2.3.5.4 Port 3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

Even though all pins on this port can be used as universal I/O port, they also have an alternative function. Prior to using some of reserve port functions, a logical one (1) must be written to the appropriate bit in the P3 register. From hardware’s Perspective, this port is also similar to P0, with the difference that its outputs have a pull-up resistor embedded.

2.4 CURRENT LIMITATIONS

When configured as outputs (logic zero (0)), single port pins can "receive" current of 10mA. If all 8 bits on a port are active, total current must be limited to 15mA (port P0: 26mA). If all ports (32 bits) are active, total maximal current must be limited to 71mA. When configured as inputs (logic 1), embedded pull-up resistor provides very weak current, but strong enough to activate up to 4 TTL inputs from LS series.

2.4.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

|Ambient Temperature under Bias |0°C to 70°C |

|Power Dissipation |1.5W |

|Vcc |5V±10% |

|Vss |0V |

|Load Capacitance for Port 0, PSEN and ALE |100pF |

|Oscillator Frequency |12MHz |

Table 2-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings of Microcontroller

2.4.2 POWER RATINGS OF RESISTORS

The power, P, developed in a resistor is given by:

|P = I² × R |where: |P = power developed in the resistor in watts (W) |

|or | |I  = current through the resistor in amps (A) |

|P = V² / R | |R = resistance of the resistor in ohms ([pic]) |

| | |V = voltage across the resistor in volts (V) |

Table 2-2 Power Ratings of Resistors

2.5 MAIN COMPONENTS USED

2.5.1 Voltage Regulator

The LM7805 series of three-terminal positive voltage regulators employ built-in current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe-operating area protection which make them virtually immune to damage from output overloads. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.

Voltage regulator limits the voltage that passes through it. Each regulator has a voltage rating; For example, the 7805 IC (these regulators are often considered to be ICs) is a 5-volt voltage regulator. What that means is that no matter how many volts you put into it, it will output only 5 volts. This means that you can connect a 9-volt battery, a 12-volt power supply, or virtually anything else that's over 5 volts, and have the 7805 give you a nice supply of 5 volts out. There are also 7812 (12-volt) and 7815 (15-volt) three-pin regulators in common use.

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Figure 2-3 Typical Application of Voltage Regulator

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Figure 2-10 Voltage Regulators

The pin out for a three-pin voltage regulator is as follows:

• Voltage in

• Ground

• Voltage out

For example, with a 9-volt battery, you'd connect the positive end to pin 1 and the negative (or ground) end to pin 2. A 7805 would then give you +5 volts on pin 3.Voltage regulators are simple and useful. There are only two important drawbacks to them: First, the input voltage must be higher than the output voltage. For example, you cannot give a 7805 only 2 or 3 volts and expect it to give you 5 volts in return. Generally, the input voltage must be at least 2 volts higher than the desired output voltage, so a 7805 would require about 7 volts to work properly. The other problem: The excess voltage is dissipated as heat. At low voltages (such as using a 9-volt battery with a 7805), this is not a problem. At higher voltages, however, it becomes a very real problem and you must have some way of controlling the temperature so you don't melt your regulator. This is why most voltage regulators have a metal plate with a hole in it; that plate is intended for attaching a heat sink to. Do not confuse three-pin voltage regulators with a device known as a TRIAC (short for triode AC switch). It is easy to associate them with each other, since they look similar (both have three pins) and they both regulate power. However, the 78XX type of regulators is used for regulating DC current, while TRIACs are used for AC current.

2.5.1.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

|Output Current | 500 mA |

|Output Voltage | 5 Volt |

|Input Min Voltage | 7.2 Volt |

|Input Max Voltage | 35 Volt |

|Adjustable Output | No |

|On/Off Pin | No |

|Temperature Min | -40 deg C |

|Temperature Max | 125 deg C |

Table 2-3 Voltage Regulator Ratings

2.5.2 MAX232 IC

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

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Figure 2-11 MAX 232 IC

2.5.3 DB-9 CONNECTOR

The DB-9 pin numbers for transmit and receive (3 and 2) are opposite of those of the DB-25 connector (2and 3). The images show the male and female versions of the DB-9 connector with pin numbers. Some of the early Macs also used the DB-9 connector as a serial port. In this project we used db-9 connectors to provide interface between terminal and control board. More over the interface between control board and server computer is also through db-9 connector sand8-wire cables.

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Figure 2-12 DB-9 Connector

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Figure 2-13 Pin Description of DB9 Female Connector

2.5.3.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

|Operates |120Kbits/sec |

|Low Supply Current |8mA typically |

|Input Supply Voltage Range Vcc |-0.3V to6V |

|Positive Output Supply voltage range VS+ |Vcc -0.3V to 15 V |

|Negative Output Supply voltage range VS- |-0.3V to -15 V |

|Operating Virtual Junction Temperature |150°C |

|Input Voltage Range, Vi, Driver |-0.3V to Vcc +0.3V |

|Receiver |±30V |

|Output Voltage Range, V0, T1OUT, T2OUT |Vs_ -0.3V to Vs+ +0.3V |

|R1OUT, R2OUT |-0.3V to Vcc +0.3V |

|C1-C4 |1µF |

|Vcc |5V±0.5V |

Table 2-4 Ratings of MAX 232 IC

2.5.3 RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches.

Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and mechanical.

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Figure 2-14 Relay Schematic

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Figure 2-15 Relay

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 GSM(Global system for mobile communication)

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard set developed by the EUROPEON TELOCOMMMUNICATION STANDARD INSITUTE (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (or "2G") digital cellular network. Developed as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS. Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE. The GSM standard is succeeded by the third generation (or "3G") UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (or "4G") LTE advance standards. "GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM association.

The GSM Association estimates that technologies defined in the GSM standard serve 80% of the global mobile market, encompassing more than 1.5 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories, making GSM the most ubiquitous of the many standards for cellular networks.

3.2 CONTROL CIRCUIT WORKING

This module can be used to Program the AT89s51 and AT89s52 Microcontroller .and DTMF decoder the controlling circuitry have two hardware portion one is Microcontroller portion and another is DTMF portion

3.2.1 DTMF CIRCUTIRAY

The DTMF Decoder Pin 1 is short with the pin 4,A 1uf and Two 100 kilo ohm resistor one side connected to pin2 and other side is connected with the input from cellphone,the 100ohm resistor is connected in series between pin 2 and 3,and 3.57 MHz oscillator is connected between pin 7 and 8 and pin 9 is connected with 5v supply ,pin 10 is attached with the 5v supply and also short pin10 and 18,and pin 11 12 13 and 14 is connected to base of transistor through 100 ohm resistor. and the collector of diode is connected to relays,pin16 and 17 is connected each other through 220kilo ohm resistor ,and one side of 220kilo ohm resistor is connected with 1uf capacitor ,and the capacitor is connected with pin18.

The important components of this circuitry is DTMF decoder, An MT8870 series DTMF decoder is used here. All types of the MT8870 series use digital counting techniques to detect and decode all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code output. The built-in dial tone rejection circuit eliminates the need for pre-filtering. When the input signal given at pin 2 (IN-) in single-ended input configuration is recognized to be effective, the correct 4-bit decode signal of the DTMF tone is transferred to Q1 (pin 11) through Q4 (pin 14) outputs. Table II shows the DTMF data output table of MT8870. Q1 through Q4 outputs of the DTMF decoder (IC1) are connected to four relays which is the connected Port1 ,4pins through microcontroller (IC2) after inversion by N1 through N4,respectively.

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Figure 3-1 PCB of DTMP Section

pin16 and 17 is connected each other through 220K ohm resistor, and one side of 220kilo ohm resistor is connected with 1uf capacitor ,and the capacitor is connected with pin18.

3.2.2 MICROCONTOLLER PORTION

The four relays input is connected with input to the microcontroller port1of four pin, This module can be used to Program the AT89s51 and AT89s52 Microcontrollers.Pin40 of the microcontroller is connected to the Vcc (+5v) and pin 20 is connected to the ground.Pin31 is connected to 5v so as to use its internal memory. If pin31 is connected to Ground it means that has an external memory interfaced Pin9 is reset. A 10 micro farad capacitor and 8.2k ohm resistor together make a reset circuit which gives a pulse for some micro seconds. When the circuit is powered up the capacitor is not charged instantaneously but it takes some time to charge (for example the capacitor is charged about 1v then the remaining 4v appears across the resistor and gives pulse to the microcontroller pin9).When the capacitor is fully charged then the voltage drop across the resistor is zero and as a result it stops giving pulse to the pin9.The reset timing can be changed by changing the capacitor and resistor values.Pin18 and Pin19 is connected to the 11.0592Mhz crystal.33pf capacitors are also connected to it. the UlN2803 IC pins from 1 to 8 is connected to microcontroller of port2 pins from 2.0 to 2.7,and Uln2803ic out pins from 11 to 18 is connected to the 8 relays through diode ,and for sake of safety relays one pin is connected with combination of 1uf capacitor and 560ohm resistor which is then parallel connected to diode and then Uln2803.

Now the four relays from DTMF decoder which is connected with port1 as an input microcontroller make a decision on it when a button is press from the sender on cell phone it is received by receiver cell phone and the DTMF decoder decode into a logic through four relays which give input to controller any button press make a unique logic through four relays and the controller will detect it so by this logic the controller control the output relays, on every unique code the controller act action and through programming it will on the out port2 pin and the ULN2803 will boost the current to the relays and the ULN203IC also invert the logic 1 to 0,so the logic which is on from controller it will invert to zero and ground is given to relays, the other pin of relays is connected to 5v,and when zero is given from the logic that relay will magnetize and that relay will activated, now the relay the load of car like Ac engine switch heater is connected with the relay with in series of 12v,and will control all this through cell phone,

For the tracking of car the relay is connected to the supply of GPS module as switch If we want need to track our car and need the car latitude and longitude then by making logic that number relay will activated which is connected with GPS module, and the GPS module will send the current location in latitude and longitude to authorize cell phone.

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Figure 3-1 PCB of Microcontroller Section

3.3 GPS(GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the united government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.

The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the department of defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994.

In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was in use by only the Russian military, until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007. There are also the planned Chinese compass navigation system and the European Union's Galileo positioning system.

3.3.1 GPS AND GSM INTERFACING AND ITS WORKING

In this Project it is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM).

In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded.

The hardware interfaces to microcontroller, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels.

When the request by user is sent to the GPS, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude.

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Figure 3-3 Block diagram of project

3.3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The project is vehicle positioning and navigation system we can locate the vehicle around the globe with 8052 micro controller, GPS receiver, GSM modem, MAX 232. Microcontroller used is AT89S52. The code is written in the internal memory of Microcontroller i.e. With help of instruction set it processes the instructions and it acts as interface between GSM and GPS with help of serial communication of 8052. GPS always transmits the data and GSM receive the data.

GPS pin TX is connected to microcontroller via MAX232. GSM pins TX and RX are connected to microcontroller serial ports.

Microcontroller communicates with the help of serial communication. First it takes the data from the GPS receiver and then sends the information to the owner in the form of SMS with help of GSM modem.

GPS receiver works on 9600 baud rate is used to receive the data from space Segment (from Satellites), the GPS values of different Satellites are sent to microcontroller AT89S52, where these are processed and forwarded to GSM. At the time of processing GPS receives only $GPRMC values only. From these values microcontroller takes only latitude and longitude values excluding time, altitude, name of the satellite, authentication etc. E.g. LAT: 1728:2470 LOG: 7843.3089 GSM modem with a baud rate 57600.GSM is a Global system for mobile communication in this project it acts as SMS sender. If we want need to track our car and need the car latitude and longitude then by making logic that number relay will activated which is connected with GPS module, and the GPS module will send the current location in latitude and longitude to authorize cell phone .The power is supplied to components like GSM, GPS and Micro control circuitry using a 12V/3.2A battery .GSM requires 12v,GPS and microcontroller requires 5v .with the help of regulators we regulate the power between three components.

[pic]

Figure 3-4 Schematic of Project

3.3.3 GPS SIGNAL CONVERSION

The hardware interface for GPS units is designed to meet the NMEA requirements. They are also compatible with most computer serial ports using RS232 protocols, however strictly speaking the NMEA standard is not RS232. They recommend conformance to EIA-422. The interface speed can be adjusted on some models but the NMEA standard is 4800 b/s (bit per second rate) with 8 bits of data, no parity, and one stop bit. All units that support NMEA should support this speed. Note that, at a b/s rate of 4800, you can easily send enough data to more than fill a full second of time. For this reason some units only send updates every two seconds or may send some data every second while reserving other data to be sent less often. In addition some units may send data a couple of seconds old while other units may send data that is collected within the second it is sent. Generally time is sent in some field within each second so it is pretty easy to figure out what a particular GPS is doing. Some sentences may be sent only during a particular action of the receiver such as while following a route while other receivers may always send the sentence and just null out the values. Other difference will be noted in the specific data descriptions defined.

Through hyper terminal software approach to raw data of GPS and extract the string of GPS data and know the GPS data in latitude and longitude, and lifting behind the other data and extract the original data, then in microcontroller extract the data through C language, and then send the data through microcontroller to mobile,

CHAPTER 4 SIMULATION

4.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter includes the simulation process of project and the results occurred due to project. Simulation of project contains many steps which are followed to get the desired results.

4.2 SIMULATION

A simulation is the manipulation of a model in such a way that it operates on time or space to compress it, thus enabling one to perceive the interactions that would not otherwise be apparent because of their separation in time or space.

Simulation of this project is done in two parts.

• Software simulation

• Hardware Implementation

4.2.1 SOFTWARE SIMULATION

For simulation, on the software basis, the two main application softwares were used for this project.

• Keil uVision

• Proteus VSM

The programming code of the entire project is written in Assembly language. For this purpose the Keil uVision is used. Keil uVision provides the facility to write the programming code in both the languages either in Assembly language or C language.

Once the programming code was written for the project in Keil uVision, it was simulated, debugged and run. Keil uVision also enabled us to create the HEX file for 89C51 microcontroller.

Before burning the HEX file on 89C51 Microcontroller the circuit for project is designed and simulated in Proteus VSM. Proteus VSM enables a user to design or to create schematic diagrams and to design PCB’s easily, more efficiently and quickly.

4.2.2 SOFTWARE RESULTS

When the project is simulated on software basis we were surprised when it gave us 95% accurate results. After that the programming code is modified and enhanced for the achievement of 100% results.

Further modifications and enhancements in programming nearly completed the project and hence due to these modifications and enhancements in programming code the project gave 100% results on software basis.

4.2.3 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Once the project is implemented and simulated on software basis then it was the time to implement it on hardware basis. After software simulation the project was implemented on hardware basis to achieve the project goals.

Hardware simulation is done in two steps. First for the testing purpose it was implemented on Breadboard. When on Breadboard it gave us complete results, the implantation of hardware is shifted to Printed circuit board PCB’s.

Finally the project was implemented hardwarely on PCB’s to complete the project.

4.2.4 HARDWARE RESULTS

Hardware implementation of the project is an important step in the completion of project because it explores the errors, deficiency and drawbacks in the project if there exists any.

Hardware implementation of the project was a little difficult as compare to software implementation.

In hardware implementation some problems were faced like giving no proper output by Microcontroller, Motor driver IC not working properly and unexpected output from IC’s and other components.

However, these problems were overcome, debugged and removed. After removing these problems the hardware implementation of the project on hardware basis the project gave the complete results.

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

This project is for the vehicle controlling and its positioning through GSM and GPS.

Thus we can control the different parts of a vehicle as;

1) Switching on and off engine

2) Door opening

3) AC on and off head lights on and off

And through GPS we can do positioning of a vehicle. As well as with controlling we can also find the position of our vehicle.

Our project is consisting of two parts.

a) Controlling circuitry

b) GPS interfacing

So in future works this kind of project provides easiness and comfortability in controlling as you can control your vehicle from anywhere around the world and can find its location and its position easily which is a great achievement for us.

REFERENCES

BOOKS

Mohammad Ali Mazidi, the 8051 microcontroller

And embedded systems, second edition

Scott Machenzie, the 8051 microcontroller

BL Thereja, Electrical Technology

Electronic Devices by Floyd

K.Y.Tang, alternating current circuits

Golding and widdis, Electrical measurements and measuring instruments

B.W.Williams, Power Electronics

Malvino.Electronic principles. Sixth Edition Glencoe/Mc Graw-Hill, 1999

WEBSITES



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