MOTORI – Didacta:



NAJVAŽNIJI PODATCI O DIJELOVIMA OPREME:

ARDUINO UNO

DRAJVER MOTORA

RGB – DIODE

SENZOR ZA CRTU (4izvoda)

SERVO MOTORI SG90

PREPREVKA SG90

RELEJI

433MHz RF

WiFi

Fišer elementi

IC-ULN2803

Arduino Uno pločica – tehnički podatci:





Arduino-Uno je mikrokontrolerska pločica sa ATmega328P-mikrokontrolerom. Ima 14 digitalnih ulazno-izlaznih pinova (od kojih 6 može koristiti pwm – kao analogne izlaze), zatim 6 analognih ulaznih pinova, kristal kvarca od 16MHz, spoj s računalom preko USB-a, priključak za bateriju ili adapter, ICSP-priključak i reset-tipku. Pločica sadrži sve što je potrebno mikrokontroleru, treba ju naprosto spojiti s računalom, ili spojiti na bateriju ili adapter – i započeti...

„Uno“ na talijanskom znači – jedan – čime je bio označen Arduino-programski paket (IDE) 1.0.

Od tada se programski paket znatno razvio (danas 1.6.6). Uno-pločica je prva iz serije arduino-pločica. Tehnički podatci:

|Mikrokontroler |ATmega328P |

|Napon rada mikrokontrolera |5V |

|Napon napajanja (preporučeni) |7-12V |

|Napon napajanja (min-maks) |6-20V |

|Digitalni U-I pinovi |14 (od kojih 6 daju PWM izlaz) |

|PWM- digitalni U-I pinovi |6 |

|Analogni ulazni pinovi |6 |

|DC struja po U-I pinu |20 mA |

|DC struja za 3,3V pin |50 mA |

|Flash Memorija |32 KB (ATmega328P) |

| |of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader |

|SRAM |2 KB (ATmega328P) |

|EEPROM |1 KB (ATmega328P) |

|Frekvencija sata |16 MHz |

|Duljina |68.6 mm |

|Širina |53.4 mm |

|Težina |25 g |

Programiranje

Uno se programira sa Arduino Softwerom (IDE). Odaberite "Arduino/Genuino Uno" na Tools > Board menu (u skladu sa mikrokontrolerom na pločici.). Za više detalja vidjeti reference i tutorial.

U mikrokontroler ATmega328 na Uno-pločici već je pred-programiran tkzv. bootloader – mali programčić koji nam dozvoljava da u mikrokontroler uvijek iznova upisujemo novi kôd i to bez korištenja nekog posebnog programatora (kako je to u ranijim vremenima bilo potrebno).

Za komunikaciju s računalom koristi se originalni STK500 - protocol (reference, C header files).

Moguće je i zaobići 'bootloader' i mikrokontroler programirati putem ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) priključka koristeći Arduino ISP ili sličnu postavku; za detalje vidjeti ove upute.

ATmega16U2 (ili 8U2 u rev1 i rev2 pločicama) izvorni kôd je dostupan u Arduino-projektima.

U ATmega16U2/8U2 je upisan DFU-bootloader, koji se pokreće:

- Na Rev1 pločicama: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetirati 8U2.

- Na Rev2 ili kasnijim pločicama: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.

You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for more information.

Upozorenje:

Uno je opremljen sa osiguračem koji štiti USB-port računala od kratkih spojeva i preopterećenja. Iako većina računala ima svoje zaštite, ovaj osigurač daje dodatnu zaštitu. Ako se USB-port optereti sa više od 500mA, osigurač u Arduino će automatski prekinuti vezu sa računalom, sve dok se preopterećenje ne ukloni.

Differences with other boards

Uno se razlikuje od svih prijašnjih pločica po tome što ne koristi FTDI USB-serijski drajver chip. Uno koristi Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programiran kao USB-serijski konvertor.

Napajanje

Uno-pločica može se napajati preko USB-priključka ili sa vanjskim napajanjem. Mikorkontroler sam otkriva vrstu napajanja na koju je priključen.

Vanjsko napajanje (ne ono preko USB-a) može biti bilo kroz AC-DC adapter ili baterijom. Adapter se može priključiti priključkom veličine 2,1mm sa pozitivnim polom u sredini. Izvodi baterije mogu se uključiti u GND-pin(minus) i Vin-pin(plus).

Pločica može raditi u rasponu od 6 do 20 volti. Ako se, međutim, napaja naponom nižim od 7V tada pin 5V možda neće davati punih 5V već manje, pa će čitava pločica raditi nestabilno. Ako pak koristimo napon veći od 12V, regulator napona se može pregrijati i oštetiti pločicu. Stoga se preporuča raspon od 7 – 12V.

Pinovi napajanja su ovi:

Vin – Ulazni napon u Uno-pločicu kada koristi vanjsko napajanje (za razliku od 5volti koje daje USB-napjanje). Napon se pločici može dati na ovaj pin, ili ako se napon daje na priključak za napajanje (jack 2,1mm), onda se na pinu Vin može dobiti taj isti ulazni napon.

5V. Regulator napona na pločici regulira izlazni napon na ovome pinu točno na 5V. Pločicu treba napajati ili preko DC (+/-) priključka 2,1mm sa naponom 7-12V, preko USB-priključka (5V) ili kroz Vin-pin (7-12V). Priključivanje na vanjski napon od 5V ili 3,3V – čime se zaobilazi regulator na pločici, može oštetiti pločicu i ne preporučuje se.

3,3V – i ovaj napon daje regulator napona na pločici. Maksimalni intenzitet struje je 50mA.

GND - minus pin

IOREF. Ovaj pin na Uno pločici daje napon mikrokontrolera na koji se pozivaju neke dodatne pločice (štitovi) – koje mogu očitati napon IOREF-pina te odabrati prikladni izvor napajanja ili aktivirati pretvaranje napona tako da radi na 5V ili 3,3V.

Memorija:

The ATmega328-mikrokontroler ima 32 KB vlastite memorije (od kojih je 0.5 KB zauzeto sa bootloader-om).

Također ima 2 KB of SRAM-a, i 1 KB of EEPROM - u koju se može upisivati i iz nje čitati sa

EEPROM-bibliotekom (library).

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Input and Output

See the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328P ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50k ohm. A maximum of 40mA is the value that must not be exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller.

In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

- Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

- External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.

- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.

- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.

- LED: 13. There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

- TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

- AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

- Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Communication

The Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Uno board, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The 16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino Software (IDE) includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).

A SoftwareSerial library allows serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins.

The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino Software (IDE) includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Uno board is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino Software (IDE) uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the interface toolbar. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.

This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.

The Uno board contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum thread for details.

Revisions

Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:

- 1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible with both the board that uses the AVR, which operates with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operates with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.

- Stronger RESET circuit.

- Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.

Drajver motora - L9110S H-bridge Dual DC Stepper Motor Driver

Controller Board for Arduino New

Low static work current

Power supply voltage: DC 2.5V - 12V

Each channel has: 800mA continuous current output

Low saturation pressure drop

TTL/CMOS output level compatible, can be connected directly to the CPU

Output built-in clamping diode, apply to the perceptual load

Control and drive integrate in IC

Have pin high pressure protection function

Working temperature: 0-80 0C

Size: 27.0(mm)x21(mm)

RGB - 4 PIN Common Anode RED BLUE RGB LED Light Emitting Diode



1. Forward Voltage:  R: 1.8-2.2 G: 3.0-3.4 B: 3.0-3.4

2. IV:  R: 5000-6000 G: 6000-7000 B: 2500-3000

3. XY/WLD:  R: 620-625 G: 515-520 B: 460-465

4. Light Color:  RGB

Size: 5mm length : about 4.5CM

Pins sequence: RED/Common Anode(positive terminal)/Green/Blue

Lens Color : water Clear

Luminous Intensity: 4000/8000/5000mcd

Forward Voltage (V) : 2.1~3.4

View Angle: About 25 degree.

TCRT5000 IR Barrier Line Track sensor IR (4 izvoda)







LM393 komparator napona

VCC = 3,3V – 5V

GND = GND

A0 = ne koristiti

D0 = TTL-switch signal Digital Out – spojiti na neki od digitalnih pinova, podešen

kao ULAZ [ pinPode(senz1, ULAZ); ]

Provjerena udaljenost reflekcije: 1mm do 25mm

IR Infrared Line Track Tracker Follower Sensor 5V ( 3 pina)

Size: 3.5x 1cm

Work Power : 5V DC

Detector distance: 10MM

Build-in Tcrt5000 Sensor NSOR

SG90 Micro 9g Micro Servo

Upute:









All Nylon Gear, Connector Wire Length 150MM 

Dimensions: 22*11.5*27mm 

Operating Speed (4.8V no load): 0.12sec/60 degrees 

Stall Torque : 1.2kg / 42.3oz(4.8V);1.6 kg / 56.4oz (6.0V) 

Temperature Range: -30 to +60 Degree C 

Dead Band Width: 7usec 

Operating Voltage: 3.0-7.2 Volts

Net weight: 14g

Cvjetojević ( Radioničke vježbe: 3 VJEŽBA: ARDUINO- Servo motor



Kako prepraviti SG90:













RELEJI:

1 Channel Relay:

• Brand new and high quality.

• 5V 1-Channel Relay interface board, and each one needs 15-20mA Driver Current.

• Equiped with high-current relay, AC250V 10A ; DC30V 10A.

• Standard interface that can be controlled directly by microcontroller (Arduino , 8051, AVR, PIC, DSP, ARM, ARM, MSP430, TTL logic).

• Indication LED’s for Relay output status.

• Size:6.5cm x 1.7cm - 2.56inch x 0.67inch.

433 MHz RF module with Arduino Tutorial 1 (XY-MK-5V)









Transmitter :  Odašiljač

Working voltage: 3V - 12V  fo max. power use 12V

Working current: max  Less than 40mA max , and min 9mA

Resonance mode: (SAW)

Modulation mode: ASK

Working frequency: Eve 315MHz  Or  433MHz 

Transmission power: 25mW (315MHz at 12V)

Frequency error: +150kHz (max)

Velocity :   less than 10Kbps

So this module will transmit up to 90m in open area .

Receiver : Prijemnik

Working voltage: 5.0VDC +0.5V

Working current: ≤5.5mA max

Working method: OOK/ASK

Working frequency: 315MHz-433.92MHz

Bandwidth: 2MHz

Sensitivity: excel –100dBm (50Ω)

Transmitting velocity: ................
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