Unit 3 Review—Chapters 9 & 10 (A)



Civil War & Reconstruction Review

1. Name the seven Southern states that seceded from the Union prior to Fort Sumter.

2. Who was president of the United States when South Carolina seceded?

3. Two part question: (a) What event brought the Upper South into the Civil War? (b) Which four states in the Upper South seceded by 1861?

4. Name two ways the Confederate Constitution differed from the U.S. Constitution

5. Two part question: Moderate Republicans offered one final compromise to the South after the Deep South seceded (but before Fort Sumter). (a) What was the name of the compromise? (b) What was one provision of the compromise?

6. Name the 4 border states that had slavery but did not secede with the South during the Civil War:

7. Name 2 advantages the North had at the outbreak of the Civil War

8. Name 2 advantages the South had at the outbreak of the Civil War

9. Northern anti-war Republicans who criticized Lincoln and the Union’s participation in the Civil War were called:

10. Two part question: (a) Name the Northern war strategy (designed by Winfield Scott) and (b) Name 3 of the 4 major components of this plan

11. Name the 1st battle of the Civil War involving the Army of the Potomac & the Army of Northern Virginia

12. Name two reasons Antietam was a “turning point” battle in the Civil War.

13. Name the two ships that fought the Battle of the Ironheads (1862):

14. Two part question: Prior to Antietam, Lincoln said the North was fighting the Civil War to “____” but after Antietam, the focus of the North during the Civil War became ___.

15. According to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, all the slaves living ___ (location) were freed.

16. All the slaves in the United States were freed upon ratification of the ____.

17. The only two Civil War battles fought on Northern soil were:

18. Grant’s army was able to take control of the Mississippi River after the Battle of __

19. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” was significant because it led to the capture of ___ which helped Lincoln get reelected in the election of 1864.

20. Lee surrendered to Grant in 1865 at ___ (location) outside of Richmond, VA

21. Who assassinated Lincoln?

22. Lincoln & Congress disagreed on their readmission/reconstruction plans for the South. What was one of the major disagreements?

23. Lincoln and Congress disagreed on the legality of secession. Lincoln believed that secession was led by ____ while Congress believed that secession was led by _____

24. Two part question: (a) What was Lincoln’s reconstruction plan called? and (b) What was one provision of this plan?

25. Two part question: (a) What was Congress’ initial reconstruction plan (the plan Lincoln vetoed) called? and (b) What was one provision of this plan?

26. Name one provision of Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan

27. Southern governments oppressed freedmen & circumvented reconstruction efforts by creating these discriminatory laws against African-Americans:

28. Name two forms of assistance the Freedman’s Bureau provided to former slaves

29. What is the difference between a “carpetbagger” and a “scalawag”?

30. Name one of the two bills Johnson vetoed that led to Radical Republicans to believe that the 14th Amendments was needed to protect blacks in the South.

31. What was the purpose of Johnson's “Swing Around the Circle” campaign in 1866?

32. Name two provisions of Thaddeus Stevens’ “Radical Reconstruction” Plan that went in place in 1867

33. According to the Constitution, which part of the U.S. government was responsible for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson?

34. To replace slavery after the Civil War, the primary labor system for black farmers in South was

35. As sharecroppers, poor black farmers did not have enough money to purchase supplies and equipment so they mortgage their future crops. This became know as the ____ system.

36. Name and describe each of the three “reconstruction amendments”

37. Who won the presidential election of 1864?

38. Who won the presidential election of 1868?

39. Who won the presidential election of 1872?

40. Who won the presidential election of 1876?

41. Name the first election in which African-Americans were allowed to vote for president.

42. Name the last presidential election in which African-Americans were able to vote freely in the South.

43. In the 1868 election, a new campaign strategy emerged among Republicans and Southern Democrats called “___” in which both parties tried to remind voters why the Civil War was fought

44. What was President Grant’s response to widespread inflation following the Civil War?

45. The most infamous and effective of the Southern secret societies that aimed to restore the “Old South” using terrorism and intimidation was:

46. How did Congress respond to the effective KKK intimidation and disruption of voting for blacks in the South in the late 1860s?

47. Southern Democrats who appealed to white supremacy & laissez-faire government were called “___”

48. Slaughterhouse Case, U.S. v Reese, and U.S. v Cruickshank all weakened the power of:

49. Congress attempted to combat Southern discrimination towards freedmen by outlawing racial discrimination in public places & in jury selection by passing the ___ in 1875; But this act was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

50. “Crédit Mobilier” and the “Whiskey Ring” are similar because both involve:

51. Upset with the corruption of Grant’s first term and failures of Reconstruction, many Republicans splintered and formed a new political party in 1872 called the ____

52. How did Horace Greeley and the Liberal Republicans differ from Grant and the Republicans in their plans for Reconstruction?

53. The worst economic depression in American history (prior to the outbreak of the Great Depression in 1929) occurred in Grant’s second term and was called the:

54. Congressional Democrats were not willing to accept the results of a special investigation to decide the 1876 election and threatened to ___ to avoid a vote by the republicans to confirm Hayes as president.

55. Name the 2 major concessions made in the Compromise of 1877

56. When did Reconstruction officially come to an end?

57. From 1876 to 1910, Redeemer Democrats imposed restrictions called ___ to limit the civil rights of African Americans in the South

58. The most famous Radical Republican in Congress was:

59. Which party controlled Congress throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction era?

60. Which demographic group in America was most upset with the passage of the 15th Amendment?

Unit 7 Review: Civil War & Reconstruction—Answers

1. South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Florida

2. James Buchanan

3. (a) The firing on Fort Sumter, SC (b) Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas

4. Any two will do: No tariffs, No abolition of slavery, No internal improvements, Preserved states’ rights

5. (a) Crittenden Compromise (b) Constitutional amendment to protect slavery OR extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific

6. Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri

7. Any two will do: larger population, greater industrial production to make weapons, more railroads, more textiles

8. Any two will do: better military leadership, did not have to invade the North to win (defensive strategy), better relations & possible alliances with England & France, better shooters by soldiers

9. Copperheads

10. (a) Anaconda Plan (b) Any 3 will do: naval blockade of the south, take control of the Mississippi River, divide the South & West, take control of Richmond, VA.

11. Bull Run (Manassas)

12. Any two will do: Antietam was the bloodiest single day of fighting during the Civil War; The battle gave Lincoln confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation; England and France did not provide aid to the Confederacy

13. “The CSS Virginia (a.k.a. the Merrimack) vs. the USS Monitor

14. “preserve the Union”…emancipate the slaves

15. the Confederacy (or the South; or in “rebellious” states)

16. 13th Amendment

17. Antietam and Gettysburg

18. Vicksburg

19. Atlanta

20. Appomattox Courthouse

21. John Wilkes Booth

22. Lincoln wanted quick reentry for the South while Congress wanted a more strict plan OR Lincoln wanted to use pardons to control reentry while Congress wanted to require new state constitutions for the South

23. Lincoln believed secession was led by individuals; Congress believed secession was led by states

24. (a) Ten-Percent Plan (b) States could be re-admitted when 10% of its population swore an oath of US loyalty OR Pardons offered for oath-takers OR States had to recognize the emancipation of slaves

25. (a) Wade-Davis Bill (b) 50% of state populations had to swear an oath of loyalty OR Confederate leaders were ineligible to vote or participate in state governments OR Did not require black suffrage but did enforce emancipation

26. Appointed provisional state governors to lead state constitutional conventions OR States must declare secession illegal & ratify the 13th Amendment

27. Black Codes (not Jim Crow Laws—those describe discriminatory acts after Reconstruction ended)

28. Any two will do: Provided emergency food, housing, medical supplies; Promised “40 acres & a mule”; Supervised labor contracts; Created new schools & paid teachers

29. Carpetbaggers are northerners who moved South to assist Reconstruction; Scalawags are Southerners who helped or profited from Reconstruction efforts.

30. Extension of the Freedman’s Bureau OR the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (Johnson’s argument against the 14th Amendment is OK although it was never vetoed)

31. Johnson’s tour through the South to convince Southern states NOT to ratify the 14th Amendment

32. Any two will do: Confiscation & redistribution of planter lands; Allowed quick re-entry for states that supported black suffrage; Ex-Confederates couldn’t vote; Created 5 military zones in the South

33. The House of Representatives (“Congress” is not specific enough)

34. Sharecropping

35. Crop-lien system

36. 13th Amendment—abolished slavery; 14th Amendment—protected civil rights for Americans; 15th Amendment—offered African-American voters men the right to vote

37. Abraham Lincoln (he was assassinated soon thereafter; Andrew Johnson completed this term)

38. Ulysses S. Grant

39. Ulysses S. Grant

40. Rutherford B. Hayes

41. The election of 1868 (The first national election after the end of the Civil War; Even though this is 2 years before the 15th Amendment was ratified, blacks were able to vote in the South due to the extension of suffrage in reconstructed state constitutions )

42. The election of 1872 (by 1876, Democratic “Redeemers” had taken control of all but 2 ex-Confederate state gov’ts & used Black Codes to discriminate against & intimidate black voters)

43. “Waving the Bloody Shirt”

44. To return the US back to the “gold standard” (pull back greenbacks and restore gold to reduce inflation)

45. The Ku Klux Klan

46. By passing the Force Acts (KKK Acts)

47. “Redeemers”

48. The 14th Amendment (“Reconstruction” is not specific enough)

49. The Civil Rights Act of 1875

50. Corruption in Grant’s administration (or on his cabinet)

51. Liberal Republican Party

52. Liberal Republicans led by Greeley wanted end military rule so that the North and South could reconcile and move forward together. They believed that as long as the military occupied the South, southerners would never be willing to accept African-American civil rights.

53. Panic of 1873

54. Filibuster

55. Democrats would accept Hayes as president and Republicans would remove the last federal troops out of the South ending Reconstruction

56. 1877

57. Jim Crow Laws

58. Thaddeus Stevens

59. Republican Party

60. Women because they wanted universal suffrage

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