JP 3-16, Multinational Operations

? DEPAR T

M E RICA

ARMY ? U NITED

TME NT OF THE HIS W E' L L DE F END

Joint Publication 3-16

S TAT E S

A OF

Multinational Operations

01 March 2019 Validated on 12 February 2021

1. Scope

PREFACE

This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for the Armed Forces of the United States when they operate as part of a multinational (coalition or allied) force. It addresses operational considerations for the commander and staff to plan, execute, and assess multinational operations.

2. Purpose

This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations, and it provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs), and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing and executing their plans and orders. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of objectives.

3. Application

a. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subordinate unified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, the Services, and combat support agencies.

b. This doctrine constitutes official advice concerning the enclosed subject matter; however, the judgment of the commander is paramount in all situations.

c. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the CJCS, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures

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Preface

ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

DANIEL J. O'DONOHUE Lieutenant General, USMC Director, Joint Force Development

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JP 3-16

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

REVISION OF JOINT PUBLICATION 3-16 DATED 16 JULY 2013

? This publication was validated without change on 12 February 2021 ? Removes and replaces Range of Military Options to a Competition Continuum. ? Updates and cleans up graphics throughout the joint publication (JP). ? Updates several of the quotes and examples throughout the JP. ? Terminology and acronyms updated to current lexicon. ? Utilizes "national" vice "political" will and decisions throughout. ? Updated out of date reference Internet links. ? `Stability operations' changed to `stability activities'. ? Emphasized Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations. ? Enhanced the Multinational Logistic section. ? Enhanced the Transition to Multinational Operations section. ? Updates Appendix A, "Planning Considerations Checklist." ? Updates Appendix B, "Multinational Planning Augmentation Team." ? Updates Appendix C, "Multinational Strategy and Operations Group." ? Adds Appendix D, "Multinational Logistics." ? Adds Appendix E, "Commander's Checklist for Logistics in Support of

Multinational Operations." ? Includes "Counter Threat Networks" under "Other Multinational Operations."

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Summary of Changes Intentionally Blank

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JP 3-16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................. viii

CHAPTER I FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Multinational Operations Overview ........................................................................... I-1 Strategic Context.........................................................................................................I-1 Nature of Multinational Operations ............................................................................ I-2 Security Cooperation .................................................................................................. I-5 Security Cooperation Considerations ......................................................................... I-6 Rationalization, Standardization, and Interoperability ............................................... I-8

CHAPTER II COMMAND AND COORDINATION RELATIONSHIPS

Command Authority ..................................................................................................II-1 Unified Action ...........................................................................................................II-2 Multinational Force Commander ...............................................................................II-4 Overview of Multinational Command Structures......................................................II-4 Multinational Command Structures ...........................................................................II-8 Multinational Force Coordination..............................................................................II-9 Control of Multinational Operations........................................................................II-17 Interorganizational Cooperation ..............................................................................II-18

CHAPTER III GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Diplomatic and Military Considerations.................................................................. III-1 Building and Maintaining a Multinational Force..................................................... III-3 Mission Analysis and Assignment of Tasks ............................................................ III-5 Language, Religion, Culture, and Sovereignty ........................................................ III-6 Legal ........................................................................................................................ III-8 Doctrine and Training ............................................................................................ III-10 Funding and Resources .......................................................................................... III-10 Protection of Personnel, Information, and Critical Assets..................................... III-11 Rules of Engagement ............................................................................................. III-12 Combat Identification and Friendly Fire Prevention ............................................. III-13

CHAPTER IV OPERATIONS

Land Operations....................................................................................................... IV-1 Maritime Operations ................................................................................................ IV-3 Air Operations.......................................................................................................... IV-4 Space Operations ..................................................................................................... IV-7

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Table of Contents

Information .............................................................................................................. IV-8 Cyberspace Operations .......................................................................................... IV-10

CHAPTER V OTHER MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS

Stability Activities .................................................................................................... V-1 Special Operations .................................................................................................... V-2 Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations....................................... V-2 Noncombatant Evacuation Operations ..................................................................... V-4 Foreign Humanitarian Assistance Operations .......................................................... V-5 Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction ............................................................... V-7 Counterdrug Operations............................................................................................ V-8 Countering Threat Networks..................................................................................... V-8 Personnel Recovery .................................................................................................. V-9

CHAPTER VI OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Assessment............................................................................................................... VI-1 Intelligence............................................................................................................... VI-1 Information Sharing ................................................................................................. VI-5 Communications ...................................................................................................... VI-9 Joint Fires............................................................................................................... VI-11 Host-Nation Support .............................................................................................. VI-11 Civil Affairs Operations......................................................................................... VI-13 Health Services ...................................................................................................... VI-14 Personnel Support .................................................................................................. VI-14 Public Affairs ......................................................................................................... VI-15 Multinational Logistics .......................................................................................... VI-16 Meteorology and Oceanography............................................................................ VI-20 Environmental........................................................................................................ VI-21 Transitions.............................................................................................................. VI-22 Multinational Communications Integration ........................................................... VI-25

APPENDIX

A

Planning Considerations Checklist............................................................ A-1

B

Multinational Planning Augmentation Team .............................................B-1

C

Multinational Strategy and Operations Group ...........................................C-1

D

Multinational Logistics ............................................................................. D-1

E

Commander's Checklist for Logistics in Support of

Multinational Operations............................................................................E-1

F

Points of Contact ........................................................................................ F-1

G

References ................................................................................................. G-1

H

Administrative Instructions ....................................................................... H-1

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