Monmouth, New Jersey



Monmouth, New Jersey

June 28, 1778

Volley and Bayonet

Regiment Scale

May 10, 2011

Scale: 1 SP = 200 men or 4 guns

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The British Main Army:

LTG Sir Henry Clinton AC

1st Division: LTG Lord Charles Cornwallis CC

Artillery Brigade (Army Troops):

Royal Artillery (2 x 12-pdr/2 x 5.5” how): 1-6 Heavy

Royal Artillery (6 x 6-pdr): 2-6 Field

Grenadiers (Exhaustion 4):

LTC William Meadows UC

1st Battalion British Grenadiers (687): 3-6 FI, DG, Shock

2nd Battalion British Grenadiers (678): 3-6 FI, DG, Shock

Rear Guard (Exhaustion 4):

BG William Erskine UC

Left Wing/1st Light Infantry Bn (698): 2-6 FI, SK, DG

Right Wing/1st Light Infantry Bn: 2-6 FI, SK

16th Light Dragoons (313 with 200 horses): 1-6 Light Cavalry

Queen’s Rangers (405): 2-5 FI, SS

Hessian Grenadier Brigade (Exhaustion 3):

Col. Henrich Julius von Kospoth UC

Linsing Grenadier Battalion (353): 2-5 SI, Shock

Minnigerode Grenadier Battalion (358): 2-5 SI, Shock

Lengerke Grenadier Battalion (405): 2-5 SI, Shock

Brigade of Foot Guards (@907) (Exhaustion 3):

BG Edward Mathew UC

Guards Light Infantry Company (@100): 1-6 FI, SS

1st Battalion Guards (@400): 2-6 FI, Shock

2nd Battalion Guards (@400): 2-6 FI, Shock

3rd British Brigade (Exhaustion 5):

MG Charles Grey UC

Left Wing/3rd British Brigade: 3-5 FI, NE

15th Regiment of Foot (322)

17th Regiment of Foot (298)

Right Wing/3rd British Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

44th Regiment of Foot (316)

42nd Highland Regiment (624): 3-6 FI, NE, Shock

4th British Brigade (Exhaustion 4):

MG James Agnew UC

Left Wing/4th British Brigade: 2-6 FI, NE

33rd Regiment of Foot (358)

Center/4th British Brigade: 3-5 FI, NE

37th Regiment of Foot (362)

46th Regiment of Foot (294)

Right Wing/4th British Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

64th Regiment of Foot (389)

5th British Brigade (Exhaustion 3):

BG Alexander Leslie UC

Left Wing/5th British Brigade: 3-5 FI, NE

7th Regiment of Foot (321)

26th Regiment of Foot (297)

Right Wing/5th British Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

63rd Regiment of Foot (300)

American Main Army:

General George Washington AC

MG von Steuben DC

Continental Artillery[1] (Exhaustion 2):

BG Henry Knox UC

du Plessis’s Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 1-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 1-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (4 x 6-pdr): 1-5 Field

Battery/Continental Artillery (5 x 3/4-pdr): 1-5 Light

Light Brigade (Exhaustion 2): [not present in battle]

BG Daniel Morgan UC

Morgan’s Rifle Corps (250/?): 1-6 FI, SS

Picked Marksmen Battalion (450/?): 2-6 FI, SK

Monmouth Militia (@200): 1-4 SI, SK, MIL

1st Monmouth New Jersey Militia

2nd Monmouth New Jersey Militia

2nd Burlington New Jersey Militia

Advance Corps:

MG Charles Lee CC

Corps Troops (Exhaustion 4):

Jackson’s Detachment (@250): 1-5 FI, SK

Jackson's Regiment (250/250)

Scott’s Brigade (@600): 3-5 FI, NE, DG

4th-8th-12th Virginia Regiment (400/425):

Grayson’s Regiment (114/144)

Patton’s Regiment (113/123)

Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Arillery (2 guns)

Varnum’s Brigade (@600): 3-5 FI, NE, DG

4th Connecticut Regiment (234/254)

8th Connecticut Regiment (233/265)

1st & 2nd Rhode Island Regiment (329/350)

Cook’s & Compston’s Bttys/3rd Cont.Artillery (2 guns)

Lafayette’s Command:

MG Marquis de Lafayette DC

Wayne’s Detachment (@1000) (Exhaustion 3):

BG Anthony Wayne: UC

Left Wing/Wayne: 3-5 FI, DG

Livingston’s Battalion (@360)

Stewart’s Battalion (@360)

Seward/s Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (2 guns)

Right Wing/Wayne: 2-5 FI

Wesson’s Battalion (@360)

Scott’s Detachment (@1400) (Exhaustion 4):

BG Charles Scott UC

Right Wing/Scott: 2-5 FI

Cilley’s Battalion (@360)

Center/Scott: 3-5 FI

Parker’s Battalion (@360)

Gist’s Battalion (@360)

Left Wing/Scott: 2-5 FI

Butler’s Battalion (@360)

Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (4 guns): 1-5 Light

New Jersey Division (Exhaustion 5):

BG William Maxwell DC

Left Wing/New Jersey Brigade (@1000): 3-5 FI, NE, DG

1st New Jersey Regiment (396)

2nd New Jersey Regiment (373)

Randall’s Battery/Continental Artillery (2 guns)

Right Wing/New Jersey Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

3rd New Jersey Regiment (294)

4th New Jersey Regiment (234)

Left Wing/New Jersey Militia Brigade (@800): 2-4 SI, MIL

1st Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

2nd Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

3rd Hunterdown New Jersey Militia

4th Hunterdown, New Jersey Militia

3rd Monmouth, New Jersey Militia

Right Wing/New Jersey Militia Brigade: 2-4 SI, MIL

1st Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

2nd Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

3rd Middlesex, New Jersey Militia

1st Somerset, New Jersey Militia

2nd Somerset, New Jersey Militia

1st Burlington, New Jersey Militia

Left Wing Division (Exhaustion 7):

MG William Alexander (Lord Stirling) DC

1st Pennsylvania Brigade (429): 2-5 FI, NE

1st Pennsylvania Regiment (221)

2nd Pennsylvania Regiment (118)

7th Pennsylvania Regiment (175)

10th Pennsylvania Regiment (168)

2nd Pennsylvania Brigade (487): 2-5 FI, NE

4th Pennsylvania Regiment (157)

5th Pennsylvania Regiment (194)

11th Pennsylvania Regiment (90)

1st New York Regiment (387)

3rd Pennsylvania Brigade (438): 2-5 FI, NE

3rd Pennsylvania Regiment (107)

6th Pennsylvania Regiment (146)

9th Pennsylvania Regiment (117)

12th Pennsylvania Regiment (108)

Malcolm’s Regiment (72)

Spencer’s Regiment (69)

Glover's 2nd Mass.Brigade (636): 3-5 FI, NE

1st Mass. Regiment (232)

4th Mass. Regiment (249)

13th Mass. Regiment (250)

15th Mass. Regiment (197)

Patterson's 3rd Mass. Brigade (485): 3-5 FI, NE

10th Mass. Regiment (184)

11th Mass. Regiment (211)

12th Mass. Regiment (183)

14th Mass. Regiment (185)

Learned's 4th Mass. Brigade (373): 2-5 FI, NE

2nd Mass. Regiment (226)

8th Mass. Regiment (183)

9th Mass. Regiment (236)

Right Wing Division (Exhaustion 13):

MG Nathaniel Greene DC

Left Wing/New Hampshire Brigade (754): 2-5 FI, NE

1st New Hampshire Regiment (242)

2nd New Hampshire Regiment (1955)

3rd New Hampshire Regiment (109)

Right Wing/New Hampshire Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

2nd New York Regiment (251)

4th New York Regiment (182)

North Carolina Brigade (425): 2-5 FI, NE

1st North Carolina Regiment (310)

2nd North Carolina Regiment (309)

Left Wing/1st Maryland Brigade (790): 2-5 FI, NE

1st Maryland Regiment (203)

3rd Maryland Regiment (282)

Right Wing/1st Maryland Brigade: 2-5 FI, NE

5th Maryland Regiment (183)

7th Maryland Regiment (278)

Delaware Regiment (211)

2nd Maryland Brigade (602): 3-5 FI, NE

2nd Maryland Regiment (345)

4th Maryland Regiment (269)

6th Maryland Regiment (306)

Huntington's Connecticut Brigade (632): 3-5 FI, NE

1st & 7th Connecticut Regiments (551)

2nd & 5th Connecticut Regiments (485)

Left Wing/1st Virginia Brigade (711): 2-5 FI, NE

1st-5th-9th Virginia Regiment (221)

The German Battalion (313)

Right Wing/1st Virginia Brigade: 2-4 FI, NE

1st Virginia State Regiment (203)

2nd Virginia State Regiment (229)

2nd Virginia Brigade (587): 3-5 FI, NE

2nd Virginia Regiment (154)

6th Virginia Regiment (47)

10th Virginia Regiment (218)

14th Virginia Regiment (225)

3rd Virginia Brigade (475): 2-5 FI, NE

3rd Virginia Regiment (121)

7th Virginia Regiment (226)

11th Virginia Regiment (152)

15th Virginia Regiment (146)

 

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NOTES:

1. British OB: Drawn from CO 5/96: British Forces under Clinton, May 23, 1778, British Casualties at Monmouth June 28, 1778, With Clinton, Neversunk, New Jersey, July 3, 1778; and Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by Todd W. Braisted, James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone (found online at ). I have taken the July 3 return of men fit and present and added back in the casualties from June 28. The victualling report contains more men, but all of them were not necessarily fit for duy. The guns with Knyphausen’s division are unknown in number. Clinton had with him 634 RA men, 261 RA drivers, 188 Hessian gunners, and 4 companies of the 2nd Bn/New Jersey Volunteers (129 men) as matrosses. In 1777, the British Main Army had 62 artillery pieces: 12 x 12-pdr, 30 x 6-pdr, 14 x 3-pdr (excluding Hessian guns, probably 10 3-pdrs – 2 per battalion excluding the battalions that had been at Trenton in 1776 and 2 guns for the jaegers – either 2 or 3-pdrs), and 6 x 5.5” howitzers; , plus 11 more captured at Brandywine (3 x 6-pdr, 4 x 4-pdr, 2 x 3-pdr, 1 x 5.5” how, and 1 iron 4-pdr). Given that only 2 x 12-pdr, 2 x 5.5” how, 10 x 6-pdr, and 2 x 3-pdrs were engaged in the battle, more than 46 guns (plus another 11 captured guns and 12 Hessian guns) were with Knyphausen’s Division. There was also a field train that in 1777 included: 10 x 24-pdr heavies, 8 x 12-pdr heavies, 4 x 8” howitzers, 4 x 13” mortars, 2 x 10” mortars, 2 x 8” mortars, and 6 x 5.5” mortars.

2. American OB: This is drawn from Lesser, Novak, Rees, and Lee’s Court Martial. Artillery returns are estimates based on which limited information exists about American guns. The individual returns were taken after the battle and total higher than what the regiments probably had that day. I’ve listed the brigade strength that was available on the day of the battle in the brigade title. Some returns sadly just don’t add up! Also each brigade had detached 25 men to the Picked Marksmen battalion with Morgan. Overall, the American Army had 13,504 men and officers present fit for duty on June 22, 1778, of which about about 600-800 were artillery, the rest infantry. I have excluded the “On Command & Extra Service” from the regimental totals as these men could have been in the area (such as in the Picked Marksmen Battalion), but many were probably detached far away from the battlefield. Additionally, the size of the detachments to the advance guard are often best estimates on my part. The American Artillery that left Valley Forge numbered 29 guns. In the battle, 12 guns were with Lee, 4 with Greene on Cobb’s Hill, and the rest (13) with Knox.

3. von Steuben and Lafayette: Both of these commanders can command any American units. Historically, they both acted as ad hoc commanders commanding brigades from the Left and Right divisions after the initial American retreat.

4. Unit Commanders: Unit commanders are a new type of command stand included at the various scales. Unit commanders are mounted separately like other commanders. Unit commanders may not rally troops and have a command radius of only 3 inches for formed troops. They have a command radius of 6 inches (the same as all other commanders) for skirmishers [my house rule].

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SOURCES:

CO 5/95 Militiary Dispatches 1777-78, TNA

CO 5/96 Military Dispatches 1778, TNA (British muster strengths)

Andre, John, Henry Cabot ed. Andre's Journal: An Authentic Record of the Movements and Engagements of the British Army in America From June 1777 to November 1778 as Recorded From Day to Day by Major John Andre, 2 vols. Boston: The Bibliophile Society, 1903.

Atkinson, Christopher T. "British Forces in North American, 1774-1781: Their Distribution and Strength." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 16 (Spring 1937), 3-23; 18 (Autumn 1940), 163-166; 20 (Winter 1941), 190-192.

Braisted, Todd W., James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone, eds. Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by (found online at ).

Ewald, Johann von, Joseph P. Tustin, ed. Diary of the American War: a Hessian Journal. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.

Howe, William. The Narrative of Lieut. Gen. Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the House of Commons; On the 29th of April, 1779, Relative to His Conduct, During His Late Command of the King's Troops in North America: To Which Are Added, Some Observations Upon a Pamphlet, Entited, Letters to a Nobleman. London: H. Baldwin, 1780.

Lesser, Charles H., ed. The Sinews of Independence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976. (May, 1778 & June, 1778 musters for American muster strengths)

Martin, David G. The Philadelphia Campaign, June 1777 - July 1778. Conschohocken, Pa.: Combined Books, 1993.

McHenry, James. Journal of a March, a Battle, and a Waterfall, Being the Version Elaborated by James McHenry From His Diary of the Year 1778, Begun at Valley Forge and Containing Accounts of the British, the Indians, and the Battle of Monmouth. Privately Printed, 1945.

Morrissey, Brendan. Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The Last Great Battle in the North. Oxford: Osprey, 2004.

Novak, Greg. The American War of Independence, Book One: the Northern Campaign. Calumet, Pa: Old Glory Corp. (American organization and July 1778 American muster strength)

Rees, John U. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix C “General lee being detached with the advanced Corps” Composition of Charles Lee’s Division. found at

__________. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix E “A large number of troops …” Continental and British Army Field Returns, 28 June 1778. found at

 

Lord Stirling, President. “Proceedings of a Court Martial”. The Lee Papers, vol. III, 1778-82. New York Historical Society 1874.

Ward, Christopher, The War of the Revolution, 2 vols. New York: MacMillian, 1952.

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[1] American artillery units from Knox’s command can also be commanded by any other American commander.

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