CHAPTER 19 -- THE CATACLYSM OF REVOLUTION (1789-1799)



CHAPTER 19 -- THE CATACLYSM OF REVOLUTION (1789-1799)

INTRODUCTION

1. How are some historians able to view the French Revolution both as the European beginning of the modern democratic and human rights movements at the same time as the beginning of modern totalitarian governments?

2. How does the motto of the French Revolution, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity,” address Enlightenment ideas?

3. What was so revolutionary about the French Revolution?

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAVE, 1787-1789

1. What tactics did the members of the Free Corps encourage to organize a more democratic government? (BTW -- these will be duplicated by the French during their revolution)

2. What inspired the Belgian Independence Movement in 1788? Why was the movement defeated?

3. What reforms did the Polish Patriots enact? Why were they defeated in 1792?

4. What contributed to the financial crisis in France in the late 1780’s?

5. What character faults did Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, possess that made them unpopular with a large segment of the French population?

6. What three Estates made up the Estates General, convened in 1789? What voting conflict went unresolved during the meeting of the Estates General?

7. What events occurred between June 17 – 20, 1789 that many consider to be the beginning of the French Revolution? What was the Tennis Court Oath?

8. What occurred on July 14, 1789? What important precedent was set by the “Fall of the Bastille?”

Vocabulary / Important Terms, People, Places, & Dates

Revolution (p. 590) --

bourgeoisie --

National Assembly --

Jacques Necker --

Marquis de Lafayette --

FROM MONARCHY TO REPUBLIC, 1789-1793

1. What was the Great Fear? How did this change traditional French society?

2. How was traditional French society further overturned on the night of August 4, 1789? What Enlightenment principles were beginning to become law?

3. What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? What did it decree? What groups were possibly left out by this decree? How did Olympe de Gouges react to this?

4. Analyze Map 19.2, Redrawing the Map of France, 1789-1791. How did this redrawing of the administrative map reflect the deputies emphasis on reason over history?

5. What radical steps were taken by the national Assembly through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy? Why was this so controversial, especially to many peasants?

6. How did the “Flight to Varennes” change the relationship between the monarch and the French people?

7. How did war with Austria and Prussia in 1792 radicalize French politics?

8. What happened on August 10, 1792 that further radicalized the French Revolution?

9. What did the new national Convention establish on September 22, 1792? What happened during the September massacres later that month?

10. What political split occurred in the National Convention over the trial of the king? What was the result of the king’s trial?

Vocabulary / Important Terms, People, Places, & Dates

assignats --

sans-culottes --

Brunswick Manifesto (1792) --

First Republic --

Not in Chapter (look up on your own)

Émigrés --

Declaration of Pillnitz (1792) --

TERROR AND RESISTANCE

1. Analyze The Guillotine on p. 600. How could the guillotine be simultaneously celebrated as the people’s avenger by supporters of the Revolution and vilified as the preeminent symbol of terror by its opponents?

2. Which political faction, the Girondins or the Mountain, won the struggle for power in 1793? What did this mean for the revolution?

3. Who was Maximilien Robespierre? How did his ideas on democratic government and the free market clash with what he put in place as the de facto leader of the Committee of Public Safety?

4. Why is the term Reign of Terror an appropriate term to describe what and the summer of happened in France between the Summer of 1974?

5. Summarize the levee en masse (conscription, etc.) efforts of the National Convention. How does this reflect total war (the focusing of a nation’s human and capital resources for war)? Where else in USA history have you seen similar efforts? Was this successful for France?

6. How did the National Convention republicans during the Reign of Terror attempt a cultural revolution throughout France? What types of propaganda did they use?

7. What changes took place in family life during the National Convention (as described in the last paragraph on p. 603)? Are these standard practices in our modern society today?

8. How did people resist the revolution of 1793-94? How did the revolt in the Vendee region symbolize resistance to radical measures?

9. What was the Jacobins’ reasoning for closing women’s political clubs during the National Convention? Why do you think this may have hurt their cause?

10. How did the revolution begin to “devour its own” in the spring of 1794? How did the Terror increase during the early summer of 1794?

11. How did the Reign of Terror end in late July, 1794? What was Robespierre’s fate?

12. How was the Thermidorian Reaction really a form of counter-terrorism against what occurred during the reign of Terror?

13. How did the end of the Reign of Terror “liberate” the French and reinvigorate their society and daily life?

Vocabulary / Important Terms, People, Places, & Dates

Tricolor --

Cockade --

Citoyen /citoyenne --

Charlotte Corday --

Jacques Louis-David --

Cult of Reason / Cult of the Supreme Being --

Georges Jacques Danton --

The Directory –

REVOLUTION ON THE MARCH

1. The influence of the Revolution as a ____________________ model and the threat of French military conquest combined to ________________________

_____________________.

2. What overwhelming advantage did the French army possess? How did their officer corps reflect the new society created by the Revolution?

3. The French saw their armies as armies of liberation. How did liberated areas eventually come to view their “liberators?”

4. What immediate impact did the revolutionary wars have on European life at all levels of society?

5. Analyze Map 19.3, French Expansion, 1791-1799. How was the French army both an army of liberation and an army of occupation?

6. “When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold.” Use this phrase to show how the ideas of the French Revolution spread into neighboring countries like England, Ireland, the German states, Sweden, and Russia.

7. Analyze Map 19.4, The Second and Third partitions of Poland, 1793 and 1795. How had Poland become such a prey to other powers?

8. What was France’s most prosperous and important colony? How did Toussaint L’Overture become a hero to abolitionists everywhere?

9. Why did some groups outside of France embrace the French Revolution while others resisted it?

Vocabulary / Important Terms, People, Places, & Dates

“sister republics” --

Edmund Burke --

Not in Chapter (Look up on your own)

Mary Wollstnecraft --

Thomas Malthus --

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download