Name _____________________________ Date __________ US 1 ...
Name _____________________________ Date __________ US 1 Chapter 13 Study Guide
Chapter 13: Changes on the Western Frontier
13-1: Cultures Clash on the Prairie
• What were the Great Plains? (See dark green portion of map on pg 411 as well.)
• Why did horses and guns change the lives of Native Americans?
• Describe the way buffalo were used by Native Americans. (See bottom of pg 413.)
• White settlers said that Native Americans had forfeited their rights to the land in the Great Plains. What was their argument to support this claim?
• Where was gold discovered in 1858? Who did this draw to the region?
• Describe the massacre at Sand Creek.
• What happened on the Bozeman Trail?
o What did white people call this battle?
o What did Native Americans call this battle?
• Describe the Treaty of Fort Laramie.
• Who was Sitting Bull?
• During the Red River War from 1874-1875, what was General Philip Sheridan’s order?
• What did George A. Custer say to begin the gold rush in the Black Hills?
• What eventually happened to Custer?
• What is assimilation?
• Describe the Dawes Act.
o Did it accomplish what it set out to accomplish? How do you know?
• What happened to the buffalo population? Why?
• What happened to Sitting Bull?
• What happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee?
o What did this Battle mark the end of?
• What animal soon came to replace buffalo?
• What are longhorns?
• Who did the cowboys model their ways of life after?
• After the Civil War, the population in the cities increased, which made the demand for ____________ skyrocket.
• What was the Chisholm Trail? Where did it travel from/to?
• Describe a day’s work in the life of a cowboy.
• Define a long drive.
• Why did the cattle frontier end?
13-2: Settling on the Great Plains
• The rapid settlement of land during 1870-1900 in the west was in large part a result of:
o 1.
o 2.
• What two companies began a race to lay railroad tracks in the 1860s?
• Who did most of the work on the railroads?
• What was the Homestead Act?
• Who were the exodusters?
• Why was 160 acres of land not the same everywhere?
• Why did Oklahoma earn the nickname “The Sooner State”?
• What were some hardships met by the settlers?
• Describe the population growth from 1850-1900 (bottom of pg 422).
• What was a soddy?
• Describe the role women had on the prairie land.
• John Deere and Cyrus McCormick both had crucial inventions that we’ve learned about already. What were they? How did they help farmers?
• What were some new inventions to help farming?
• Describe the effect of the inventions on producing a bushel of grain from 1830-1900. (How much time did it take to produce a bushel in 1830? 1900?)
• What was the Morrill Act?
• What was the Hatch Act of 1887?
• What was the “Breadbasket” of the nation?
• Describe what a bonanza farm was.
o Why did bonanza farms fold into bankruptcy?
• Did the challenges faced by farmers make them unite or give up on their cause?
13-3: Farmers and the Populist Movement
• How were railroads taking advantage of farmers?
• What are greenbacks? What is “hard money?
o What is worth more – greenbacks or hard money?
• Why were farmers upset about the retiring of greenbacks?
• Who was Oliver Hudson Kelley? What movement did he start?
• What was the purpose of the Grange?
• What were Farmers’ Alliances?
• Describe the Populist movement.
• What changes did the Populists want to bring about?
• Describe what happened in the Panic of 1893.
• Why were people arguing about silver and gold?
o What was bimetallism?
o What was the gold standard?
o What did everyone come to think of paper money that could not be turned in for gold or silver?
• In the election of 1896, who did the Republicans elect?
o Who did the Democrats elect?
o What did the Populists do?
o Who won the election?
• What legacies did Populism leave behind?
o 1.
o 2.
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