IP Subnetting - Eastern Illinois University
IP Subnetting
(Week 4, Wednesday 1/31/2007)
? Abdou Illia, Spring 2007
Structure of IP addresses
Network Part (n)
Local Part (h) Sgmt. part Host part
Class A Class B Class C
nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
10.0.0.1 ? 126.255.255.255 128.0.0.1 ? 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.1 ? 223.255.255.255
2
Reserved IP addresses
Class A B
IP addresses reserved for private use. Range 10.0.0.0 ? 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 ? 172.31.255.255
C
192.168.0.0 ? 192.168.255.255
Address
Special IP addresses. Use
255.255.255.255 Example: 10.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 169.254.x.x
Local broadcast to LAN computers
Broadcast to network 10.0.0.0/8
Loopback address (for self addressing)
Prohibited
Automatic Private IP Addressing
3
1
Structure of IP addresses
Network Part
Segment
Host
Part
Part
The division between Network part, Segment part, and Host part is determined by a computer or a router by using a network mask.
4
Network mask
A 32 bit number, just like an IP address, where all bits in the Network Part and the Segment Part are set to 1, and all bits in the Host Part are set to 0. Example:
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (or 255.255.255.0 in decimal notation)
Computers use Network mask, along with the IP address, to determine whether or not a destination IP address is on the same logical network.
5
Two Virtual LANs
192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
Switch
192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
6
2
Two interconnected LANs
7
128
The ADDing technique
64 32
Are the following three Class C IP addresses 16
from the same network?
8 4
192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.50 and 192.168.2.1 2
IP:
11000000 10101000 00000001 00000001 192.168.1.1 1
Mask:
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
Network: 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 192.168.1.0/24
IP: Mask: Network:
11000000 11111111 11000000
10101000 11111111 10101000
00000001 11111111 00000001
00110010 00000000 00000000
192.168.1.50 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0/24
IP: Mask: Network:
11000000 11111111 11000000
10101000 11111111 10101000
00000010 11111111 00000010
00000001 00000000 00000000
192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0/24
Network 1: 192.168.1.0/24, i.e network starting at 192.168.1.0 with network mask 255.255.255.0. Network 2: 192.168.2.0/24, i.e network starting at 192.168.2.0 with network mask 255.255.255.0.
8
128
Subnetting a class C network
64 32
16
8
Suppose the 192.168.1.0/24 network
4
You want to divide that network into two segments
2 1
? You can decide to use the first bit of the fourth octet as
dividing point between your network segments. So, your
network mask would be:
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000
And you will have about 27 = 128 hosts in each segment.
Segment 1: 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.127 Segment 2: 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.255
How to determine the two segments
using the ADDing technique?
9
3
128
Subnetting a class C network
64 32
16
Segment 1: 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.127
8
4
2
IP:
11000000 10101000 00000001 00000001 192.168.1.1 1
Mask:
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 255.255.255.128
Network: 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 192.168.1.0/25
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IP:
11000000 10101000 00000001 01111111 192.168.1.127
Mask:
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 255.255.255.128
Network: 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 192.168.1.0/25
10
128
Subnetting a class C network
64 32
16
Segment 2: 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.255
8
4
2
1
IP:
11000000 10101000 00000001 10000000 192.168.1.128
Mask:
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 255.255.255.128
Network: 11000000 10101000 00000001 10000000 192.168.1.128/25
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IP:
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110 192.168.1.254
Mask:
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 255.255.255.128
Network: 11000000 10101000 00000001 10000000 192.168.1.128/25
11
Question 1
Network A is IP network 192.168.1.x/24 (i.e a Class C network with a default 24-bit mask). Using the IP Subnet Calculator, determine the maximum number of hosts (computers) in each of the Network A's subnets assuming that there are two subnets. You answer: ________.
Using the IP Subnet Calculator, determine the
maximum number of subnets for a Class B
network assuming that the four first bits of the
third octet in each IP address are used as subnet
bits. Your answer: _____. What is the maximum
number of computers for each subnet? Your
answer: ______.
12
4
13
5
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