Chapter 11: A World in Flames, 1931-1941 - Scholars Academy

Global Struggles

Why It Matters The rise of dictatorships in the 1930s led to World War II, the most destructive war in the history of the world. After the war, the fragile alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union collapsed into the Cold War--a period of intense political, economic, and military competition. Learning about the events of this crucial period in our nation's history will help you understand the events occurring in the nation and around the world today. The following resources offer more information about this period in American history.

Primary Sources Library

See pages 976?977 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 4.

Use the American History Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary sources about global struggles.

530

1931?1960

Dog tags

American soldier in World War II

"More than an end to war, we want an end to the beginning of all wars."

--Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1945

1931?1941

A World

in Flames

. The Big Ideas ,

SECTION 1: America and the World

Societies change over time. In the years following World War I, aggressive and expansionist governments took power in both Europe and Asia.

SECTION 2: World War II Begins

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. World War II officially began with the Nazi invasion of Poland and the French and British declaration of war on Germany in September 1939.

SECTION 3: The Holocaust

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. Nazis steadily increased their persecution of Jews and eventually set up death camps and tried to kill all the Jews in Europe.

SECTION 4: America Enters the War

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. When World War II first began, the United States attempted to continue its prewar policy of neutrality.

The American Vision: Modern Times Video The Chapter 11 video,

"Holocaust Stories," presents firsthand accounts from survivors of the Holocaust.

1931 ? Jane Addams awarded

Nobel Peace Prize

1932 ? Bonus Army arrives

in Washington, D.C.

1933 ? Franklin Delano

Roosevelt inaugurated

F. Roosevelt

1933?1945

1935 ? First Neutrality

Act passed

1930

1931 ? Japan invades

Manchuria

1933

1933 ? Hitler appointed

chancellor of Germany

1936

1936 ? Hitler reoccupies

Rhineland ? Spanish Civil War begins

532 CHAPTER 12 Becoming a World Power

German chancellor Adolf Hitler reviews a parade of Nazi troops.

1939 ? SS St. Louis denied

1937 ? Neutrality Act

limits trade with

all warring nations

permission to dock in United States

1940 ? Roosevelt makes

"destroyers-for-bases" deal with Britain

1941 ? Roosevelt and

Churchill coauthor Atlantic Charter

December 7, 1941 ? Japan attacks Pearl

Harbor

HISTORY

Chapter Overview

1939

1938

1939

? Munich Conference ? World War II

appeases Hitler

begins with Hitler's

attack on Poland

1940 ? France falls to

the Nazis

1942

Visit the American Vision: Modern Times Web site at tav.mt. and click on Chapter Overviews-- Chapter 11 to preview chapter information.

533

Making Inferences

You learned in Chapter 5 that effective readers use a skill called making inferences to understand the deeper, and sometimes hidden, meanings of the text. While some may call it "reading between the lines," it is really a process of questioning, predicting, and connecting in order to understand what is not directly said.

An excellent way to improve your skills of making inferences is to talk with a partner about the material you just read. You will often discover that different people understand the same text in slightly different ways. When you talk with someone else about your predictions, questions, and connections, both of you benefit from the ideas you gather from the information in the text. You can also learn from one another how to develop and refine the skills necessary to make inferences.

Read the following paragraph about the beginning days of World War II and use inferences to draw conclusions about how each of the countries mentioned felt about the war in western Europe.

MAKING

INFERENCES

Use your background knowledge to help you understand the passage. What do you already know about World War II?

In contrast to the war in Poland, western Europe remained eerily quiet. The Germans referred to this situation as the sitzkrieg, or sitting war. The British called it the "Bore War," while American newspapers nicknamed it the "Phony War." The British sent troops to assist France, but because both countries remained on the defensive, waiting for the Germans to attack, there were no battles or warfare. (page 545)

After you have read the passage, think about the various names the Germans, British, and Americans used to describe the war in western Europe. Then discuss these questions with a partner:

? Based on this passage, how did Germany feel

about the war?

? Is this similar to, or different from, the British and

American outlooks?

? What do you believe the public wanted in these

countries?

? What do you expect will happen next?

534 CHAPTER 11 A World in Flames

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