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Name:____________________________________Period:__________________Mrs. BellisariGlobal History 10 Pre-IB The World Between Wars (1919-1939):Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response55054503492500-7620010223500Unit Essential Questions:How do rulers of spectacular brutality gain and keep power in a twentieth-century state?To what extent did their ideas, their personalities, and the actions of their opponents contribute to their success?Common Core Themes: Theme 1: Individual Development and Cultural Identify (ID)Theme 2: Development, Movement, and Interaction of Cultures (MOV) Theme 3: Time, Continuity, and Change (TCC)Theme 4: Geography, Humans, and the Environment (GEO) Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures (SOC) Theme 6: Power, Authority, and Governance (GOV) Theme 7: Civic Ideals and Practices (CIV)Theme 8: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems (ECO) Enduring Issues and Nesting Issues: Conflict – war, armed struggle, disputes over boundaries and land, dispute over who has power, ethnic disputes, religious disputes Power – unfair distribution of power, shifts in power and authority, power struggles, relationship of ruler to ruled, social class tensions, ability of the people to have a voice in government, shifts in balance of power, lack of free and fair elections Nationalism – citizenship/what does it mean to belong, development of national cohesion, manipulation of nationalistic feelings/ultra-nationalism, manipulation of belief systems to incite conflict Inequalities – rights not protected, inequitable treatment New York State Common Core Framework:10.5 UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1914–1945): World War I and World War II led to geopolitical changes, human and environmental devastation, and attempts to bring stability and peace.10.5a International competition, fueled by nationalism, imperialism, and militarism along with shifts in the balance of power and alliances, led to world wars10.5b Technological developments increased the extent of damage and casualties in both World War I and World War II10.5c The devastation of the world wars and use of total war led people to explore ways to prevent future world wars. 10.5e Human atrocities and mass murders occurred in this time periodAppeasement: The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war.Black Shirts – A member of the Italian Fascist party Brown Shirts – also known as the SA or storm troopers were a paramilitary force made up of former WWI German soldiers that worked to intimidate political rivals in the early years of the Nazi Party. Coalition government: A government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties. Fascism: Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction. Gestapo: Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics. Great Depression: International economic crisis following World War I; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s, collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19th century. Enabling Act : The act created in which Adolf Hitler had dictatorial powers and could pass any laws without the consent of the Reichstag. Hitler, Adolf: der Fuhrer, or “The Leader.” Chancellor of Germany who cofounded the Nazi Party. He established the Third Reich in Germany in 1933. His expansionist policy precipitated WWII and his fanatical anti-Semitism led to the Holocaust. Inflation: A decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services. Isolationism: A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries. Kristallnacht Mein Kampf: “My Struggle” – a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany. Mussolini, Benito: Il Duce, or “The Leader.” Prime Minister of Italy who founded the Italian Fascist Party in 1919. Created the first fascist government (1922-1943) based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories. Nazism: The fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers’ party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry. New Deal: President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in U.S. social and economic life. Nuremburg Laws: Laws created by Adolf Hitler identifying who were citizens of the Reich. According to these laws, Jews were no longer citizens of Germany. Reichstag: the Parliament building (legislative body) of the Weimar Republic Roosevelt, Franklin D.: Elected President of the United States in 1932, he was elected president in the first election after the Great Depression had begun.Stalin, Joseph: Successor of the USSR’s Communist Party after the death of Lenin. Stalin was cold, impersonal, and ruthless. He imposed a totalitarian government in the Soviet Union. Third Reich: The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.Totalitarian State: A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over all activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. Weimar Republic: The republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933. ................
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